Plan summary of religious wars good king. Religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France. we will learn to work with

28.03.2020

At the end of the 15th - first half of the 16th centuries. France was ruled by the Valois dynasty. At the same time, the collection of French lands was completed and France became one of the largest and strongest states in Europe. In the 16th century, France evolved from an estate-representative to an absolute monarchy. The estate-representative body - the Estates General - is losing its significance, although it continues to exist. Most of all, the power of the French king was limited by parliaments - the highest judicial bodies in the provinces. A feature of French absolutism was the increase in the size of the bureaucracy. In the 1540s The ideas of Calvinism penetrate into France. They receive support in the south of the country, far from Paris, where political leadership was in the hands of the Chatillons, Bourbons and Condés - princes of the blood claiming the French throne. In the north, a political group of Catholics is formed, led by the Guise family, who also laid claim to the throne. The result of the country's confessional split was the religious wars in France, which lasted more than 30 years - from 1562 to 1598. The result of the religious confrontation was the conclusion of the Edict of Nantes in 1598, according to which Catholicism was proclaimed the official religion, but Huguenots (French Protestants) received the right to practice their religion and hold public office. The Edict of Nantes was revoked by Louis XIV.

Religious wars and the strengthening of the monarchy in France

TO XVII century In France, an absolute monarchy emerged, power was completely concentrated in the hands of the monarch. “The Sun King” Louis XIV said: “The State is me.”

The strengthening of the king's power in France went in parallel with the subordination of the church to the state, as well as with the suppression of the Huguenots (the French name for Protestants, see Huguenots).

Background

As a result of the spread of Protestantism, France found itself split in the 16th century. North of the country and The Royal Family remained on the side of Catholicism; Protestants predominated in the south. This created obstacles to the centralization of the country and the creation of an absolutist monarchy.

Participants

Francis I - King of France, reigned 1515-1547.

Henry II - King of France, reigned 1547-1559.

Gaspard de Coligny - statesman, head of the Huguenots

Charles IX - King of France reigned from 1560-1574.

1562 - The Duke of Guise, the leader of the Catholics, provoked a massacre of Protestants in the town of Vassy. 20 people were killed and more than 100 were injured. This became the reason for the start of religious wars.

1562-1598 - religious wars in France.

1570 - religious peace in Saint-Germain. According to the edict signed by the king, Protestant worship was allowed everywhere, and Huguenots could hold government positions.

August 1572 - dynastic marriage of the Huguenot Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois, sister of Charles IX.

Conclusion

The Edict of Nantes ended the division of the country into two warring camps. During the reign of King Louis XIII, thanks to the efforts of Cardinal Richelieu, the formation of absolutism in France was completed.

Its main features:

Centralization (subordination of most French-speaking territories to the king,
. unification of taxes,
. creation of a centralized bureaucratic system,
. restriction of the rights of the states general and parliament, subordination of the church to the state,
. creation of a regular mercenary army financed from the state budget.

Richelieu retained freedom of religion, but deprived Huguenots of the right to hold public office.

The Thirty Years' War led to French dominance in Europe.

Abstract

In the 16th century France has become one of the largest centralized states Western Europe with a population of about 15 million people. In terms of development, it was significantly ahead of the then Spain, but inferior to England and the Netherlands.

France reached its greatest power under the reign of Francis I (1515-1547). All power in the country belonged to the king, who refused to convene the Estates General. He finally subdued Catholic Church, having agreed with the Pope on the king’s right to appoint all French bishops to positions. His son Henry II began to be called "Your Majesty". More and more important role played by the royal court. His pompous ceremony embodied power royalty. In the XVI-XVII centuries. the number has increased significantly French army, military spending also increased. To cover them, the size of previous taxes increased and new ones were introduced. The complex state mechanism was managed by professional officials, whose numbers were constantly growing. Empty treasuries often forced monarchs to sell positions, including the right to pass them on by inheritance. Many positions gave the right to the title of nobility. Gradually their buyers formed a special “nobility of the robe”, the traditional nobility was called the “nobility of the sword”. The king put up with its spread in the country for some time, but then began persecuting Protestants. In 1540, the Inquisition was introduced in France. In the south of the country, the Calvinist church established itself, its followers began to be called Huguenots.

Francis I was succeeded by his son Henry II (1547-1559), who expanded the borders of the country, in particular, he conquered the port of Calais from England. This king died absurdly during one of the tournaments.

In 1562, Catholics massacred the Huguenots, who retaliated. Religious wars began. In 1572 there seemed to be a reconciliation. The leader of the Huguenots, the Duke of Navarre, married the sister of King Charles IX, Margaret of Valois. And then the Guises dealt a cruel blow, organizing the massacre of the Huguenots. It began in Paris on the night of the feast of St. Bartholomew and went down in history as St. Bartholomew's Night. In response, the Huguenots created their own state in the south, headed by Henry of Navarre.

Rice. 1. St. Bartholomew's Night ()

In the course of further struggle, the French royal dynasty Valois stopped; the closest heir was the Huguenot Henry of Navarre. He ascended the throne as Henry IV (1589-1610), marking the beginning of the Bourbon dynasty. He changed his religious beliefs frequently, but soon became convinced that Catholicism would win him the support of the majority of the French. Deciding that “Paris is worth a mass,” he changed his faith again, and the capital took his side.

In 1598, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes on Toleration. Catholicism remained the official religion of France, but Huguenots were given equal rights to Catholics. Henry IV managed to restore the country's economy, strengthen his power and the international prestige of France. However, in 1610 his life was cut short by the dagger of a fanatical Catholic.

The next French king, at the age of nine, was Henry IV's son Louis XIII (1610-1643). For some time, the country was ruled by his mother Margherita de Medici. In 1624-1642. The government was headed by Cardinal Richelieu. An unsurpassed master of intrigue, he held his post until his death. He developed a program of action to make France a powerful nation. The rights and privileges of provinces or institutions were respected only when this did not conflict with the interests of the monarchy. The Huguenots were opponents of this policy. Richelieu acted decisively: he conquered La Rochelle from the Huguenots and deprived them of their political rights. Duels were a real disaster for France; the cardinal issued edicts against duels and severely punished violators. He reformed finance, patronized the development of industry and trade, and encouraged the seizure of colonies. On his initiative, the first French newspaper began to be published.

Rice. 2. Cardinal Richelieu ()

The main opponents of France in Europe were the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), France defeated Spain and became the most powerful state in Europe.

After the death of Louis XIII, his five-year-old son Louis XIV (1643-1715) ascended the throne. Real power passed to the Queen Mother Anne of Austria and the first minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who continued Richelieu's policies. The situation of France, ruined Thirty Years' War, was unstable. The unrest continued until 1653, their participants demanded to limit the growth of taxes and stop the abuses of the authorities. When Mazarin died in 1661, 22-year-old Louis XIV declared that from now on he himself would be first minister, and from then on he did not let go of power.

Rice. 3. Louis XIV ()

He sought to strengthen the unity of the country, strengthen the primacy of France in Europe and expand its borders. The “Sun King”—as court flatterers called him—ruled the country with the help of a royal council, but made all decisions himself. The true embodiment of the spirit of absolutism was the grandiose royal residence at Versailles. Construction continued for several decades and cost the treasury an astronomical sum. The beginning of the reign of Louis XIV was marked by considerable successes. The king knew how to find capable and devoted assistants. Colbert (1619-1683) stood out among them, who for 20 years led the finances and economy of the country. He patronized the development of manufactories, the construction of a fleet, the creation trading companies. He managed to thoroughly replenish the treasury, but long and ruinous wars constantly devastated it.

Rice. 4. Versailles ()

Louis XIV brutally persecuted the Huguenots. In 1685, the king revoked the Edict of Nantes on Tolerance and banned the Protestant faith in the country. The country's economy suffered greatly from the mass emigration of skilled artisans and business people.

In the XVI-XVII centuries. An absolute monarchy was established in France. It relied on the nobility, but also took into account the interests of the entrepreneurial strata. Having survived difficult trials during the years of religious wars, absolutism intensified under Richelieu and reached its peak during the reign of Louis XIV.

Bibliography

1. Bulychev K. Secrets of the New Time. - M., 2005

2. Vedyushkin V. A., Burin S. N. General History. History of modern times. 7th grade. - M., 2010

Lesson outline

"Religious Wars and the Strengthening of the Absolute Monarchy in France"

Textbook “General History. History of modern times. 1500-1800" 7th grade: textbook. for general education organizations / A.Ya. Yudovskaya, P.A. Baranov, L.M. Vanyushkina; edited by A.A. Iskanderova. – 2nd ed. – M., Education, 2014. – 319 p.

Target: Based on documents, visual material and the teacher’s story, give students an idea of the religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France.

Tasks:

Educational

To bring students to an understanding of the causes, goals and results of the religious wars in France;

Find out how absolutism strengthened in France;

Developmental

Continue developing the ability to work with documents;

Continue developing the ability to work with maps;

Continue to develop the ability to summarize and analyze the material studied;

Continue developing communication skills;

Educational

Foster a sense of tolerance;

To form a feeling of rejection of war as a means of resolving religious conflicts;

Foster a humane attitude towards people.

Equipment: screen, computer, projector, video, presentation.

Preliminary preparation: the teacher prepares a presentation.

Teacher activities

Student activities

1) Organizing time(1 min)

Greeting: “Hello! My name is Ekaterina Nikolaevna, I will give you a history lesson today.”

Students greet the teacher.

2) Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson. Motivation to educational activities(4 min)

As the ancient Roman orator Cicero said: “Not knowing history means always being a child.” Today in class you will have the opportunity to become a little more mature.

In order to find out the topic of our lesson today, I suggest playing a game. I think you are familiar with the game "Alias" I need one person who will explain the words written on the card to the others (See Appendix 1). This must be done within a minute, and you cannot name words with the same root. So, the topic of our lesson today is “Religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France.”

What do you think are the goals of our lesson today? Our goal today is to characterize the features of religious life in France inXVIcentury, and also consider the process of formation of the absolute monarchy in France.

Unraveling the topic of the lesson. Record the topic in a notebook, formulate and accept the goals of the lesson.

3) Updating what has been learned (3 min)

On the screen you see a small crossword puzzle. It consists of two words. You need to unravel these words. Questions:

1) Movement for the reconstruction of the church;

2) A form of government in which power belongs to one person.

What type of monarchy was common in the Middle Ages? What is its feature?

What type of monarchy is characteristic of the early modern period? What is its feature?

Solving words, answering questions.

4) Learning new material (20 min)

introduction teachers (2 min)

France at the endXVV. was the state with the largest population (15 million people). At firstXVIV. Protestantism, namely Calvinism, began to spread in France. French Calvinists were calledHuguenots (from German “brother”, “comrade-in-arms”, “ally”).

Draw the table header into your notebook. Let's split into two camps. The first row and part of the second will be Catholic. You will fill out the table for Catholics. The rest of the second row and the third are Huguenots. You will fill out the table for the Huguenots. At the end of the lesson we will check it.

Writing down the definition of a word in a notebookHuguenots . Draw a table in your notebook, filling out the table as the lesson progresses.

Working with the map (2min)

Open your textbook and find the map "Reformation in Europe." Please look, in which territories was the Catholic Church established, and in which - the Protestant Church? Look at which territories in France the Catholic Church was established, and where there was a struggle between Catholics and Protestants? Some things can already be written down in a table.

Working with the map, answering questions.

Teacher's story. The beginning of religious wars and truce. (1 min)

At that time there was no strong royal power in France. In 1560-1574. Charles was the kingIX, but in fact the powerful, cunning Catherine de Medici, his mother, ruled. The main thing for her was to strengthen royal power and preserve the unity of the country. In 1562, an event occurred that marked the beginning of a long and bloody war. Francois Guise massacred the Huguenots in the town of Vassy. This marked the beginning of the Wars of Religion (1562-1598).

Only in 1570 was an edict signed in Saint-Germain allowing Protestant services to be conducted everywhere, the Huguenots received the right to hold public office, and received four fortresses into their possession, incl. La Rochelle.

Writing down the years of the religious war in France in a notebook

St. Bartholomew's Night. Watch video. (5 minutes)

In order to reconcile Catholics and Huguenots, CharlesIXdecided to marry his sister Margaret to the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre. The wedding took place on August 18, 1572. The video will tell us what happened next.

Questions: What is St. Bartholomew's Night? When did this event happen? What happened? What are the results? What does this event teach us?

Watch the video and answer questions.

comparison table"Huguenots and Catholics" (3 min)

Table see Appendix 2.

1) In which territories did the Huguenots establish themselves, and in which did the Catholics?

2) Who sympathized with Protestantism, and who with Catholics?

3) Who supported the Huguenots and who supported the Catholics? (Let us remember in which countries Catholicism was widespread and in which Protestantism.)

4) What was the position of the Huguenots and Catholics?

5) Who was the leader of the Huguenots and who was the leader of the Catholics?

Filling out the table, checking the table.

Working with a document.

Edict of Nantes (3min)

CharlesIXdied in 1574. After him, his brother Henry ruled for 15 yearsIII. In 1589, before his death, he bequeathed his throne to Henry of Navarre, but warned him that Paris would not accept a Huguenot. Henry of Navarre converted to the Catholic faith for the second time with the words “Paris is worth a mass” and became the French King HenryIV. He threw all his strength into ending the war, and1598 g . he issued the Edict of Nantes. (document, p. 132)

Write down the year of publication of the Edict of Nantes in a notebook. They work with the document and answer the question.

Teacher's story. Good King. Cardinal Richelieu (4min)

Henry of Navarre went down in history as a “good” king because:

1) under him, France ended the war with Spain;

2) direct tax on peasants was reduced;

3) a ban was introduced on arresting peasants for debts and taking away their livestock;

4) patronized the development of trade and manufacturing;

5) contributed to the creation of merchant companies;

6) the life of the people has improved;

7) overcoming the devastation caused by the religious war.

He could still do a lot, but in 1610 he died from the treacherous dagger of a Catholic fanatic.

The teachers listen and watch the presentation.

After Henry's deathIVHis young son Louis became kingXIII, in whose name his mother Maria de' Medici ruled. Her policies led to the emptying of the treasury. In such a situation, Cardinal Richelieu (or Richelieu) became the king's first minister. He continued Henry's policiesIV. He created a regime of absolute monarchy, which lasted for about a century and a half. With him:

1) Fortresses and lands were taken away from the Huguenots, but religious freedom remained;

3) Quartermasters (local officials) were appointed by the government and were subordinate to it;

4) Encouraged the development of industry, trade, and shipping;

5) France is drawn into the Thirty Years' War;

6) The French army becomes the strongest in Europe.

Lesson summary (1 min)

What new did you learn in class today?

What else would you like to know?

Answer questions.

Record homework(1 min)

§ 14, question No. 4 in a gray frame in writing, based on the text of the paragraph and the document “Richelieu. Political testament"

Recording homework in a diary.

End of the lesson

Thank you for the lesson!

Annex 1.

Words on the card:

Religion

War

Strengthen

Absolute

Monarchy

France

Appendix 2.

Huguenots

Catholics

Territories

South

North

Compound

Ancient nobility, nobles, townspeople

King, peasantry

Supporting States

England, Germany

Spain

Position

Brutally persecuted

Supported by the king and the bulk of the population

Leaders

Henry of Navarre, Admiral of Coligny

Francois Guise

Religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France:

Prepared by O.Sh. Latypova, a history and social studies teacher at Federal State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 4.

"One king, but two faiths."
First blood
Path of Trouble
Bloody wedding
Cardinal Richelieu.

To lead students to an understanding of the causes, goals and results of the religious wars in France.

Lesson objectives:

prove that religious fanaticism leads to bloody civil wars, to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives

Problem:

Lesson plan:

"One king, but two faiths."

At the end of the 15th century, France, after the completion of unification, became the largest state in Europe in terms of population. At the beginning of the 15th century, Calvinism began to spread in the country. Translations of the Bible began to appear in the country, services began to be held in native language. French Protestants began to be called Huguenots

France in the second half of the 15th century

Representatives of the ancient nobility
Part of the nobility
Some of the townspeople, the first bourgeois entrepreneurs
Some of the peasantry

Discontent with the strengthening of royal power and loss of political independence
The desire to take over the wealth of the church
They wanted to return the ancient city liberties. Desire for cheap church and accumulation of money
Expression of protest in a religious form against the exactions of lords and the Catholic Church

"One king, but two faiths."

Catholics:
1.North of France.
2.They were supported by the kings of Valois, Paris, and common people.
3. Leader – Heinrich Giese.

Huguenots.
1.South of France
2. There were many nobles.
3. Leader - Henry of Navarre, Admiral Coligny.
4. They were powerless.

"One king, but two faiths."

Duke Francois of Guise

Admiral Coligny

First blood

In March 1562, the Duke of Guise, passing through Vassy, attacked the Huguenots who were performing divine services. More than 20 people were killed and about 100 wounded. The incident in Vassi became the reason for the start of religious wars, which lasted more than 30 years (1562-1598).
In this struggle the Huguenots
received help from
and England
Protestant princes
Germany, and Catholics
from Spain.

Massacre in the name of faith.

First blood

From 1560 to 1574, France was ruled by a king from the Valois dynasty. He was not a strong ruler. In fact, all power belonged to his mother Catherine de Medici.

King Charles lX of France

Catherine de' Medici

Catherine de Medici, powerful and cunning, sought to strengthen royal power and maintain the unity of the country. Both were Catholics

Catholics:
- created their own brotherhoods
numerous processions were organized
killed the Huguenots
neither women nor children were spared

Path of Trouble

Huguenots:
destroyed Catholic churches:
-destroyed statues of saints
and icons
- the priests were not spared
and monks

Religious wars in France

Path of Trouble

Religious wars in France 1562-1598

Bloody wedding

In order to reconcile Catholics and Huguenots, Charles IX decided to marry his sister Margaret to the leader of the Protestants, Prince of Navarre, Henry of Bourbon. The wedding was scheduled for August 1572. About 20 thousand Huguenots gathered in Paris. The Catholic leaders led by Catherine de Medici decided to take advantage of this by destroying the Protestants led by Admiral Coligny.

Wedding of Margaret of Valois and Henry of Bourbon

Bloody wedding

Eve of St. Bartholomew's Eve

“It was decided to carry out the massacre on the same night - on St. Bartholomew - at night. We immediately began to implement this plan.
All the traps were
arranged, rang
the alarm bells sounded, everyone ran
to your quarter
in accordance with the order,
to all Huguenots and to the admiral."

Marguerite de Valois. From "Memoirs"

Edouard Debat-Ponsan. Morning near the gates of the Louvre, 1880. Fragment

Bloody wedding

Bloody wedding

St. Bartholomew's Night

Bartholomew's Night - the mass extermination of Huguenots by Catholics in France during the Wars of Religion, staged on the night of August 24, 1572, on the eve of St. Bartholomew's Day. 30 thousand people killed

After St. Bartholomew's Night, about 200 thousand Huguenots fled to neighboring states. Many countries have condemned this treatment of their people. St. Bartholomew's Night did not solve the problem, but caused the Huguenot Wars in France, during
of which there is only one,
then the other side
was defeated

Bloody wedding

Flight of the Huguenots

Pope Gregory 13 joyfully accepted the news of St. Bartholomew's Night. In honor of this event, he ordered the production of a medal with his image on it.

Bloody wedding

on one side and with the image of an angel holding a cross in his hand and slaying the Huguenots on the other side.

Pope Gregory 13

Henry IV is "the king who saved France."

Paris is worth a mass

In the course of further struggle, the French royal Valois dynasty was cut short; the closest heir was the Huguenot Henry of Navarre. He ascended the throne as Henry IV (1589–1610), and laid the foundation

rule of the Bourbon dynasty. He changed his religious beliefs frequently, but soon became convinced that Catholicism would win him the support of the majority of the French. Deciding that “Paris is worth a mass,” he changed his faith again, and the capital took his side.

Henry IV is "the king who saved France."

On April 13, 1598, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes, which summed up the religious wars. “...We have allowed and do allow those who profess... the reformed religion to live and dwell in all the cities and places of our kingdom... without persecution, oppression and coercion.” From the Edict of Nantes

Huguenots received the right
hold public
positions, have your own
representatives at court and
army at twenty-five
thousands of people; them
was given possession
two hundred cities. state
committed to allocate
funds for their
liturgical needs.

Signing of the Edict of Nantes

Henry IV is “the king who saved France.”

Henry IV

Henry IV was loved by the people. He ended the war with Spain, reduced direct taxes, and contributed to the development of national industry. The result of this policy was an improvement in the financial situation of the majority of the population. However, supporters of the former Catholic League remembered his “Huguenot past.” In 1610, Henry IV was assassinated
fanatic François Ravaillac

Cardinal Richelieu.

In 1624–1642 The government was headed by Cardinal Richelieu. He developed a program of action to make France a powerful nation. The rights and privileges of provinces or institutions were respected only when this did not conflict with the interests of the monarchy. The Huguenots were opponents of this policy.

Richelieu acted decisively: there were. he conquered La Rochelle from the Huguenots and deprived them of their political rights. The cardinal issued edicts against duels and severely punished violators. He reformed finance, patronized the development of industry and trade, and encouraged the seizure of colonies. On his initiative, the first French newspaper began to be published.

Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu.

He became the de facto ruler of the kingdom in the interests of the king and France. He led wars of conquest, annexing Alsace and Lorraine to France. It was during the era of Richelieu
France has become the key
player in politics
space Europe, the most powerful European
power. Richelieu was
devoted to his country, before
in death he said:
"I had no other
enemies other than enemies
states."

The end of the Wars of Religion in France, which ended with the signing of the Edict of Nantes, was, in fact, a victory for Catholicism. France became a Catholic country with a Catholic king.

Results of the religious wars in France

At the same time, the edict can also be considered a kind of victory for Protestantism - after all, it guaranteed the Huguenots a strong position in the country. The country managed to emerge from the period of religious wars, having achieved the introduction of religious tolerance and the creation of an absolute monarchy.

Jean Luyken. Proclamation of the Edict of Nantes. Engraving from the late 17th century

The main lesson of the period of the Wars of Religion in France was the political one,
saying that
strong government
was the only one
way to terminate
chaos of riots and uprisings.
On this basis of the 17th century. And
a strong one will be built
absolute monarchy
Louis XIV.

Results of the religious wars in France

"Good King"

Slide 1

RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE STRENGTHENING OF ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher of the VKK Stadnichuk T.M.

Slide 2

ONE KING, BUT TWO FAITH
At the end of the 15th century, when the unification of France was completed, it became the largest state in Europe in terms of population. The country had a population of 15 million. The name of Francis I is associated with the emergence of absolutism in France. He limited the role of the Estates General in government. Francis took on the main role in management.

Slide 3

ONE KING, BUT TWO FAITH
At the beginning of the 16th century. Calvinism began to spread in France. Protestants in France were called Huguenots. Representatives of the ancient nobility tried to regain political influence, which had weakened with the development of absolutism. The nobles wanted to appropriate the rich property of the church. The townspeople sought to regain their liberties.

Slide 4

ONE KING, BUT TWO FAITH
By the end of the ¼ of the 16th century. France found itself split into two camps - most of the Huguenots lived in the South, while the North remained Catholic. The Catholics were supported by the French kings of the Valois dynasty, alarmed that the situation would threaten the unity of the state.

Slide 5

ONE KING, BUT TWO FAITH
The Huguenots behaved actively and considered it their duty to convert everyone to the “true” faith. The Huguenots created secret printing houses where they printed leaflets outlining the teachings of Luther and Calvin, which were distributed throughout the country. In 1534, such leaflets were even discovered in the king’s private chambers in the Louvre. They sent their own priests - pastors - all over the country. This is how the Reformation entered France.

Slide 6

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
There was no strong royal power in France. The last representatives of the Valois dynasty succeeded each other on the throne. In fact, the state was ruled by the mother of Charles IX, Catherine de Medici.
Edict of Saint-Germain 1562 Permission for the Huguenots to hold services outside the city walls. Protestants could meet in private houses.

Slide 7

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
However, in March 1562, the Duke of Guise was passing by the city of Vassy and saw the Huguenots at prayer. The Duke himself was an irreconcilable fighter against Protestantism and, under the pretext that the Huguenots had violated the decision of the council, attacked them. This event was called the "Massacre of Vassy" and served as the beginning of the religious wars in France, which lasted more than 30 years (1562-1598).

Slide 8

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
Catholics
Protestants
E. Medici
Francois de Guise
Charles de Guise
Philip II
People de Conde
G. Navarre
Elizabeth I
G. de Coligny

Slide 9

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
War I – 1562 – 1563 War II - 1567 - 1568 War III – 1568 – 1570
Peace of Saint-Germain August 15, 1570 Freedom of religion throughout France except Paris. Protestants received the right to hold public office. The Huguenots were given 4 fortresses: La Rochelle, Cognac, Montauban, La Charité

Slide 10

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
Charles IX, in order to reconcile Catholics and Huguenots, decided to marry his sister Margaret to one of the Huguenot leaders, Henry of Navarre. The wedding took place on August 18, 1572. Many Protestants gathered for the celebrations in Paris, who came to support Henry.

Slide 11

WARS WITH THE HUGENOTS
On August 22, an assassination attempt was made on Gaspard de Coligny. The Huguenots demanded the punishment of Guise and threatened to start new war. On August 24, the night before the feast of St. Bartholomew, the city militia of Paris began beating the Huguenots. About 30 thousand people were killed in 3 days.

Slide 12

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
The wars continued. After the death of Charles IX, the French crown passed to the youngest of the brothers, Henry. Henry III rules country for 15 years (1574-1589) and sought to achieve unity in the state. However, his indecision and weakness of character made this impossible. The king had no heirs, and Henry of Navarre was to become his successor, and the Duke of Guise decided, with the help of Catholics, to seize power in the state.

Slide 13

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
The Duke of Guise decided, with the help of Catholics, to seize power in the state and turned the Parisians against the king. By order Henry III The Duke of Guise was killed.

Slide 14

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
On August 2, 1589, the monk Jacques Clement mortally wounded the king. Before his death, Henry named Henry of Navarre as his successor. After almost five years of struggle with Catholics who did not recognize the new king, Henry of Navarre was crowned in 1594 under the name of Henry IV.

Slide 15

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
Henry IV also understood that the country would not accept a Protestant king. “Paris is worth a mass,” he said, having converted to the Catholic faith for the second time. On February 27, 1594, Henry was crowned at Chartres Cathedral.

Slide 16

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
Henry IV was the first king in modern times who placed the task of creating a strong united state above issues of religion. In 1598, the Edict of Nantes was signed, according to it: the equality of Catholics and Protestants was declared;
all estates were returned to the Catholic clergy; Protestants could live, build churches and schools, with the exception of Paris; All the fortresses and castles that belonged to them were returned to the Huguenots.

Slide 17

THE KING WHO SAVED FRANCE
Henry IV remained in the memory of the French as a “good” king who overcame the devastation in the country: He ended the war with Spain. Annexed the Kingdom of Navarre and the County of Béarn. Contributed to the development of trade and the growth of the number of manufactories. Reduced taxes for peasants.
Well, finally, everywhere we will have chicken in a pot for lunch. After all, this bird, as you know, has been plucked for two hundred years.

Religious wars and the strengthening of the monarchy in France

By the 17th century, an absolute monarchy had developed in France, with power completely concentrated in the hands of the monarch. “The Sun King” Louis XIV said: “The State is me.”

Background

As a result of the spread of Protestantism, France found itself split in the 16th century. The north of the country and the royal family remained on the side of Catholicism, while Protestants predominated in the south. This created obstacles to the centralization of the country and the creation of an absolutist monarchy.

Participants

Francis I - King of France, reigned 1515-1547.

Henry II - King of France, reigned 1547-1559.

Gaspard de Coligny - statesman, head of the Huguenots

Charles IX - King of France reigned from 1560-1574.

1562-1598 - religious wars in France.

1570 - religious peace in Saint-Germain. According to the edict signed by the king, Protestant worship was allowed everywhere, and Huguenots could hold government positions.

August 1572 - dynastic marriage of the Huguenot Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois, sister of Charles IX.

Conclusion

Its main features:

Richelieu retained freedom of religion, but deprived Huguenots of the right to hold public office.

The Thirty Years' War led to French dominance in Europe.

Abstract

In the 16th century France became one of the largest centralized states in Western Europe with a population of about 15 million people. In terms of development, it was significantly ahead of the then Spain, but inferior to England and the Netherlands.

France reached its greatest power under the reign of Francis I (1515-1547). All power in the country belonged to the king, who refused to convene the Estates General. He finally subjugated the Catholic Church by agreeing with the Pope on the king's right to appoint all French bishops to positions. His son Henry II began to be called "Your Majesty". The royal court played an increasingly important role. His magnificent ceremony embodied the power of royal power. In the XVI-XVII centuries. The size of the French army increased significantly, and military spending also increased. To cover them, the size of previous taxes increased and new ones were introduced. The complex state mechanism was managed by professional officials, whose numbers were constantly growing. Empty treasuries often forced monarchs to sell positions, including the right to pass them on by inheritance. Many positions gave the right to the title of nobility. Gradually their buyers formed a special “nobility of the robe”, the traditional nobility was called the “nobility of the sword”. The king put up with its spread in the country for some time, but then began persecuting Protestants. In 1540, the Inquisition was introduced in France. In the south of the country, the Calvinist church established itself, its followers began to be called Huguenots.

Rice. 1. St. Bartholomew's Night ()

In the course of further struggle, the French royal Valois dynasty was cut short; the closest heir was the Huguenot Henry of Navarre. He ascended the throne as Henry IV (1589-1610), marking the beginning of the Bourbon dynasty. He changed his religious beliefs frequently, but soon became convinced that Catholicism would win him the support of the majority of the French. Deciding that “Paris is worth a mass,” he changed his faith again, and the capital took his side.

Rice. 2. Cardinal Richelieu ()

The main opponents of France in Europe were the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), France defeated Spain and became the most powerful state in Europe.

After the death of Louis XIII, his five-year-old son Louis XIV (1643-1715) ascended the throne. Real power passed to the Queen Mother Anne of Austria and the first minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who continued Richelieu's policies. The position of France, devastated by the Thirty Years' War, was unstable. The unrest continued until 1653, their participants demanded to limit the growth of taxes and stop the abuses of the authorities. When Mazarin died in 1661, 22-year-old Louis XIV declared that from now on he himself would be first minister, and from then on he did not let go of power.

Rice. 3. Louis XIV ()

He sought to strengthen the unity of the country, strengthen the primacy of France in Europe and expand its borders. The “Sun King”—as court flatterers called him—ruled the country with the help of a royal council, but made all decisions himself. The true embodiment of the spirit of absolutism was the grandiose royal residence at Versailles. Construction continued for several decades and cost the treasury an astronomical sum. The beginning of the reign of Louis XIV was marked by considerable successes. The king knew how to find capable and devoted assistants. Colbert (1619-1683) stood out among them, who for 20 years led the finances and economy of the country. He patronized the development of manufactories, the construction of a fleet, and the creation of trading companies. He managed to thoroughly replenish the treasury, but long and ruinous wars constantly devastated it.

Rice. 4. Versailles ()

Bibliography

1. Bulychev K. Secrets of the New Time. - M., 2005

2. Vedyushkin V. A., Burin S. N. General History. History of modern times. 7th grade. - M., 2010

Plan summary of religious wars good king. Religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France. we will learn to work with

Religious wars and the strengthening of the monarchy in France

Background

Participants

Conclusion

Its main features:

Abstract

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Religious wars and the strengthening of the monarchy in France

Background

Participants

Conclusion

Its main features:

Abstract

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