List of school programs for primary school. Which elementary school program is considered the best? Primary school education programs

Program "School of Russia" for primary schools - one of the most famous projects in the country by the Prosveshcheniye publishing house. This is the elementary school kit we all learned from in Soviet time, with some changes. The School of Russia educational complex has been operating as a single whole since 2001. The authors of the “School of Russia” program are scientists whose names are known to everyone who works in the primary education system: V.G. Goretsky, M.I. Moreau, A.A. Pleshakov, V.P. Kanakina, L.M. Zelenina, L.F. Klimanova and others.

The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks: developing in a child human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, the ability to empathize, readiness to help others; teaching the child conscious reading, writing and arithmetic, correct speech; instilling certain work and health-saving skills; teaching the basics of safe life activity formation of natural motivation for learning.

The primary school program “School of Russia” is considered traditional; most children master it without any problems.

Expert opinion

“I have been working at school with children for many years according to the traditional School of Russia program,” says the teacher primary classes average secondary school No. 549 Moscow Tatyana Mikhailovna Bobko. “Our parents, I, and my children studied under this program. Everyone grew up to be fairly educated people. I believe that this program is necessary, it was, is and will always be. The traditional program allows you to thoroughly practice skills educational activities(reading, writing, arithmetic), which are necessary for success in secondary school. IN last years interesting educational kits have been published that meet modern requirements training (mathematics - author M.I. Moro, Russian language - author T.K. Ramzaeva), which are aimed at developing cognitive abilities student."

Primary school of the 21st century

Educational and methodological kit « Primary School XXI century"(edited by N. Vinogradova) is aimed at ensuring “soft” adaptation of children to new conditions school life. The program was developed by a team of scientists from the Institute of Content and Teaching Methods of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow State pedagogical university, Russian Academy advanced training and retraining of education workers, Moscow state university. Project leader - Honored Scientist Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Natalya Fedorovna Vinogradova. The teaching and learning system “Primary School of the XXI Century” is published by the publishing center “VENTANA-GRAF”.

The main objectives of the program are: the formation of the main components of educational activity (if we discuss the student’s position, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this educational task”, “in what way do I carry out the educational task and how do I I’m doing this”, “what are my successes and what am I failing at”).

Organization educational process is structured in such a way as to ensure a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

The basic principle of education is that primary school should be nature-appropriate, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and level of socialization. The student is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”. Based on the principles, we can assume that this program will be comfortable for children who need a gentle adaptation to everything new to them, be it a group or a type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

Expert opinion

“I’ve been working on this program for three years now, I really like it,” says Irina Vladimirovna Tyabirdina, a primary school teacher at secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. – I’ll be honest, the material is designed for strong, erudite children. What knowledge a student will have when moving on to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is important that Vinogradova’s set realizes the child’s right to their individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, play (special notebooks are provided “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to understand the world around us”).” .

Parents' opinions about the program

“We finished studying according to Vinogradova’s program. At first we waited a long time for the children to actually start learning. By the second grade we realized that she was not that easy. It also has some disadvantages: a large number of notebooks, which they do not have time to complete. Well, we, who studied under Soviet programs, don’t like everything about our current education, so we find fault with little things.”

"Promising Primary School"

“Promising Primary School” is the result of many years of work by a team of employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the AIC and PPRO, Moscow State University, and Moscow State Pedagogical University. The teaching and learning complex “Prospective Primary School” is published by the publishing house “Akademkniga/Textbook”.

The main idea of ​​the educational complex “Prospective Primary School” is the optimal development of each child based on pedagogical support of his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student or as a teacher, then in the role of organizer of a learning situation.

"Planet of Knowledge"

The first set of textbooks and programs for primary schools, which fully implement the state standard - “Planet of Knowledge”. Among the authors are 4 honored teachers of Russia.

The program is designed taking into account psychological and age characteristics junior schoolchildren, based on the principle of variability, this makes it possible to teach children with different levels of development.

The set of tasks provides students with the right to choose, to make mistakes, to help, to succeed, thereby helping to create psychological comfort during learning.

Expert opinion

“The program is interesting,” comments a primary school teacher at secondary school No. 353 named after. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow Natalya Vladimirovna Chernosvitova. – A variety of texts on the Russian language and reading were excellently selected. Besides good texts on reading, interesting questions and developmental tasks have been compiled. The child must come up with a fairy tale, think up the text, and make a drawing. Mathematics is interesting because each task leads the student independently to the answer. Not like in the standard program: the teacher explained - the student completed it. Here's a different approach. Let me draw your attention to the fact that there is a soft transition from the “Planet of Knowledge” to the traditional program. For fourth grade students, we introduce tasks from the fifth grade, so, in my opinion, this program has some advantages. As for reading, everyone says in unison: “Children read great.”

I would like to note that, being ahead of the standard program, “Planet of Knowledge” does not overload students. If we take everyone’s favorite mathematics according to L.G. Peterson, it requires a physical and intellectual approach. To study under the “2100 Program” or “Harmony”, the child must already be prepared. “Planet of Knowledge” can be taught to any children with kindergarten training, including toddlers. Children studying according to this program are noticeably different from those studying according to the classical one. These kids are creative. There is only one downside to this program - it is a change for a teacher who has worked in a traditional program for many years. Although for such teachers Central District special courses are conducted.

"RHYTHM"

A set of textbooks “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" ("RHYTHM") is intended for grades 1-4 educational institutions. The authors of the textbooks are famous scientists and methodologists who have a serious influence on the development of modern primary education. The educational and methodological set (UMK) “RITHM” is published by the publishing house “Drofa”.

The basic principles of the program are that every child: should be successful; included in active educational cognitive activity; gets the opportunity to reveal his individuality; learns to think creatively and independently, communicate meaningfully with peers and adults.

"Perspective"

The author of the program is the scientific supervisor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, director of the Center for System-Active Pedagogy “School 2000” of the AIC and PPRO, laureate of the Presidential Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of education - L.G. Peterson. By the way, her personal textbooks are not included in the list of state textbooks.

The educational program "Perspective" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education Russia.

The advantage of training using the Perspective educational complex is that the construction system educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things.

In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a form that the child’s cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity develop into the need to learn new things and learn independently. At each lesson, the student, as it were, reveals for himself the content of future topics.

Reviews from parents

“The program is too simple, the math is weak, and little time is devoted to writing. At the school the future first-grader was taught according to Peterson, the child learned more than in the entire first grade using “Perspective”. But it’s perfect for kids who didn’t have much to do before school. All topics are “chewed” for a long time by the teacher. Homework is easily completed without parental input except from the outside world. They systematically assign reports or presentations on it, which the child is not able to complete on his own, so I have to do everything.”

Developmental system L.V. Zankova

L.V. program Zankova is aimed at developing the mind, will, feelings, and spiritual needs of younger schoolchildren, awakening their interest in learning about the wider picture of the world, passion for learning, and the development of curiosity. The task of teaching is to give a general picture of the world based on science, literature, and art.

This program is aimed at providing conditions for self-realization, to reveal the child’s individuality, his inner world. One of the most important tasks is to instill in a primary school student an attitude towards himself as a value. Training should be focused not so much on the entire class as a whole, but on each individual student. In this case, the goal is not to “bring up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.

Distinctive feature Zankov’s system is training at a high level of difficulty, passing educational material “in a spiral.” When completing tasks, children learn to draw theoretical conclusions and creatively comprehend the material.

Expert opinion

“I really love the L.V. system. Zankova,” says Nadezhda Vladimirovna Kazakova, deputy director for educational work of secondary school No. 148 in Moscow. “The children I taught in this program are now in seventh grade. As a specialist, I see excellent results in my studies. Schoolchildren are excellent at reasoning and arguing, the development of their horizons compares favorably with their peers, and their performance is higher.”

“The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, it teaches children to obtain information themselves, and not receive ready-made information,” L.V. adds about the system. Zankova head methodological unification teachers of primary school No. 148 in Moscow Tatyana Vladimirovna Korsakova. “After finishing primary school under this system, children become more liberated; they have approximately three times more knowledge than their peers.”

System D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova

Educational system D. B. Elkonina-V.V. Davydov has a history of existence of more than 40 years: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the Elkonin-Davydov educational system was recognized as one of the state systems. A special place in this system is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult.

The Elkonin-Davydov education system involves the development of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task and test his own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate his own actions and the points of view of his partners.

The main principle of this system is to teach children to obtain knowledge, to seek it on their own, and not to memorize school truths. The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, however, the lack of marks can be daunting. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students’ creative works. It serves as an indicator of progress instead of the usual diary.

This issue is especially acute for parents of future first-graders. Everyone wants not to harm either the child or themselves. We begin interviewing friends and scouring websites in the hope of finding the answer to the question we are interested in.

Parents face a choice educational program .

But whatever the program, a lot depends on the primary school teacher: teaching style, interest, responsibility, attitude towards children and work. It would probably be fair to say that in elementary school “you need to become a teacher.” This means it’s worth learning more about the teachers who will recruit future first-graders and.

Let's start by listing existing programs for 2017-2018 academic year in schools of the Russian Federation:

It should also be noted that all training programs are developed in accordance with the IEO, which allows you to master the necessary minimum of knowledge (invariant part of the textbooks) or acceptable for the curious (variable part).

Let's look at the pros and cons of curriculum in elementary school:

OS "School 2100"

This program is continuous with kindergarten and up to 11th grade of school. Covers a large amount of material. The teacher directs and controls the students’ search activities. The most difficult subjects are mathematics by S. A. Kozlova and A. A. Vakhrushev’s surrounding world.
On this moment the program is limited to schools because teaching aids were not included in the Federal List, that is, they did not pass the examination of the Ministry of Education.

Pros: Students are accustomed to learn and acquire knowledge. They can easily find the information they need. They write a lot of essays and presentations, abstracts, and have a broad horizon of knowledge.

Minuses: The tasks are feasible for intermediate and high-level students to master; they require parental control and assistance. Another disadvantage is that not all secondary and high school ready to continue studying it in 5th grade.

• First of all, parents of future first-graders need to focus on the level of development of their child;
• take the choice of a primary school teacher seriously, because a competent, experienced teacher will make any program interesting and useful, and the child will definitely learn it;
• It is also necessary to remember that the success of education depends not only on the teacher, but also on the desire of parents to participate in the life of the student himself, to spend their energy and time.

A modern primary school offers two systems for educating children: traditional, which includes seven programs: “Russian School”, “School 2100”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “Harmony”, “Classical Primary School”, “Prospective Primary School” , “Planet of Knowledge”, and developmental, including two programs: L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova.

Lately some traditional elementary school programs have undergone significant changes, have been greatly improved and can already be considered developmental programs.

Traditional program “School of Russia” - the name speaks for itself. This educational and methodological complex was created specifically for teaching children living in Russia, introducing them to the traditions and culture of their great country. This is a kind of school of spiritual and moral development. The “School of Russia” program is focused on instilling in children such qualities as kindness, responsibility, the ability to empathize and provide assistance in difficult times. It develops among schoolchildren an interest in studying their Motherland, its nature, history, thereby cultivating such an important and rare quality in our time as patriotism.

The authors, when creating this program, relied on many years of pedagogical experience of the Soviet, and subsequently Russian school. Learning is based on a smooth transition from simple to complex. The program thoroughly develops reading, writing and counting skills, which is the basis for further successful learning.

Textbooks for the Russian School program are very modern, colorful and interesting for children, and perfectly stimulate cognitive activity.

The School 2100 program is the only one of all that is a system of continuous education from preschool age before graduation. According to her benefits, children can study from the age of three until the senior year. The program clearly goes beyond the traditional framework, incorporating elements of an evolving program.

The educational and methodological complex of the School 2100 program is focused on the development of the child as an individual, identifying and developing creativity and interest in learning. Develops in children such qualities as determination, independence, ability to make decisions, ability to analyze, logical thinking, imagination and speech.

Education is based on the fact that basic concepts, rules and conclusions are not given to children in a ready-made form, they must reach them themselves, the teacher only guides the child in the right direction. That is, children learn to act independently. Many tasks are based on obtaining information from sources other than educational literature.

The educational program "School of the 21st Century" refers to traditional programs, however, it is also developmental in nature. She most gently adapts former preschoolers to a new field of activity for them - studying at school. The training is structured in the form of a game. Most teachers in Russia prefer to study according to this program. The program is aimed at the harmonious development of the individual, at developing motivation for educational activities and self-education. Helps the child understand why he needs to study at all, why he needs to take his education seriously.

By studying this program, children learn to independently acquire knowledge through reflection, analysis, and fantasy. They can evaluate their successes and failures in their studies. The teacher behaves with the children on an equal basis during the lessons, allowing the children to think, debate and, thus, reach the truth.

Each student has the opportunity to study at an individual pace, because the educational material contains tasks of different levels. The set of textbooks includes so-called notebooks for the student’s correctional and developmental work, which can be used for additional work with the child in case of lag and misunderstanding of the material. The focus is not on the correct answer, but on the decision process itself.

A set of textbooks for the program“Primary School of the XXI Century” was awarded the Russian Presidential Prize in the field of education and is the winner of the “competition to create a new generation of textbooks for primary schools.”

“Harmony” is a program that combines traditional education methods with developmental ones. The name suggests that the program is aimed at developing harmonious relationships between teachers and students and between children. The program helps develop logical thinking and creative abilities. Aimed at strengthening the physical and mental health of the child.

The educational material is very interesting, the emphasis is on advanced learning, new promising technologies are used in teaching children of different levels of development. Children do not memorize the rules, but with their own minds, with the help of special exercises, come to the necessary conclusions.

The kit includes textbooks containing a methodological part, so parents themselves can explain the topic to the child at home and help them cope with homework. Children who received elementary education students in the Harmony program are highly literate.

The educational and methodological set in mathematics of the “Harmony” program was awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education.

“Classical Primary School” is a traditional program, almost identical to the “School of Russia” program. It differs from it in its set of textbooks. This is the most classic, developed over the years effective program For primary education. It is completely built on traditional methods, but with the introduction of modern scientific pedagogical approaches. Thanks to step-by-step learning and solid consolidation of reading, writing and counting skills, it gives children a good basis for continuing their education in secondary school. From the first days of classes, the program is aimed at getting children interested in further education.

All textbooks and notebooks are decorated with colorful illustrations. The lessons are filled with various competitions, games and quizzes. Some of the tasks are aimed at working together with parents, thereby involving them in the exciting process of their children’s education. The program helps the child fall in love with the book and teaches how to work with it. Knowledge according to the program is not given in a ready-made form, but must be acquired jointly by students and the teacher, that is, the program contributes to the development logical thinking.

The Promising Primary School program is the most successful program of all existing ones, suitable for rural schools, in which students from grades 1 to 4 study simultaneously while sitting in the same room. It contains all the important methods from all existing programs. The program was created taking into account the age categories of schoolchildren, be it a six-year-old first-grader or an eight-year-old, and takes into account the different levels of student preparation. The emphasis is on both the individual activity of the child and the joint work of students, promoting the development of dialogue between them. Teaches you to work not only with the textbook, but also with various reference books. The teacher gives a task to a group of students and then leaves to work with another group. Thus, schoolchildren develop independence, the ability to work and live in a team, that is, to help others, criticize and adequately respond to criticism addressed to them, and be able to explain and defend their point of view.

The program is built strictly on the principle of increasing the complexity of the educational material. With this program, children quickly develop fluent reading, writing and counting skills.

The textbooks are filled with interesting fairy-tale material that helps develop creative thinking, logic and memory. A lot of time is spent physical health children, teaching the child to cleanliness, order, gymnastics and daily routine. Training assignments involve parents in completing tasks together.

The traditional “Planet of Knowledge” program is good because even the youngest children can learn from it. The approach to teaching is non-standard and departs from the classic “the teacher explains the task, the children complete it.” All tasks are developmental in nature. The program is focused on developing children's creative abilities. For each child studying under the “Planet of Knowledge” program, there is his own teaching method that helps him to perfectly master the material. The program stimulates the manifestation of independence, initiative, and helps to see the same subject in different ways.

The set of educational literature is interesting in that before the beginning of each section there is a plan for further training. Thus, the child sees what he will study in the future. Each section ends after studying test work and a test sheet, which allow the teacher, as well as the student himself, to test his knowledge of this section. Textbooks contain many tasks of different difficulty levels, which gives students the opportunity to choose a task specifically for themselves. Many exercises are focused on working with reference books and working in a group, developing children's communication skills in society.

Developmental program L.V. Zankova is the complete opposite of traditional programs. It is based on a trusting relationship between teacher and student. The teacher first offers to complete the tasks, and the students must reach the theory with their own minds through various discussions, obtaining information from various sources, reflection and debate. The program perfectly reveals the individual abilities of each child. Focused on awakening interest in learning, developing intelligence and curiosity. Although quite difficult because the learning process is fast paced, at the same time it is very attractive and exciting for children.

Besides school lessons, the program involves close communication between the teacher and children outside of school through joint visits to various cultural events, walks and excursions. Children who studied under the L.V. program Zankova, excellent conversationalists, have a broad outlook and their knowledge is much higher than that of children studying according to traditional systems.

Developmental program D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova is focused on developing strong theoretical knowledge in children, that is, rules and concepts occupy a dominant position here, but they are not given in the form of ready-made truths. Children must reach them themselves through logical thinking, working in a group or individually, debating, arguing among themselves and discussing the results. And only then, with the help of the teacher, draw the right conclusions. The program develops in a child the ability to think deeply and unconventionally.

The program is much richer than ordinary traditional programs. Children trained in it are very sociable, respect the opinions of others, but do not take all words for granted; they require mandatory evidence.

There is little homework in this program; everything is done in the classroom, where the children are busy with interesting work, but at home they relax.

Many textbooks are winners of new generation textbook competitions.

The program is considered difficult, but only because there are very few competent teachers who can work with this program.

: traditional and developmental. Each has its own programs. The traditional programs include: “School of Russia”, “Harmony”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “School 2100”, “Classical Primary School”, “Prospective Primary School”, “Perspective”, “Planet of Knowledge”. Developmental systems include two programs: L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova.

In traditional programs, educational material is presented in such a way that the child follows the path “from simple to complex.” This material is reinforced with the help of a large number of similar tasks located page by page in the textbook. By solving them, the child remembers the method of solving problems of this type and confidently uses it. It is this teaching method that is criticized for the fact that many children, as a result, do not know how to apply knowledge in non-standard conditions. If the text of the task is formulated atypically, the child cannot use the existing skill. However, no one doubts the many years of experience and effectiveness of training in traditional programs.

Training systems L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov still raises many questions and discussions. There are most often two reasons for this. The first - in the majority modern schools it is impossible to create conditions in which these training systems will work as the authors intended. The second is that there are few enthusiastic teachers who are ready to follow the teaching technology, and without this good results impossible to achieve. The structure of these programs does not imply a clear division into topics, there is no usual selection of rules that need to be learned, there are no tasks of the same type arranged in a row. These training programs involve completely new approach to the learning process - more creative, requiring children to be active and inquisitive. The teacher acts not as a mentor, but as a friend and assistant who guides the children's thinking. The purpose of these programs is to teach the child to think outside the box.

General disadvantage systems of Zankov and Elkonin - Davydov: they do not receive a worthy continuation at higher levels of school education. And if you choose one of them, be prepared that after primary school your child will still have to adapt to traditional teaching, and this may create problems for him at first.

So, let's look at all the programs.

Program "School of Russia"

The traditional program “School of Russia” (edited by A. Pleshakov) has existed for decades. “School of Russia” is the program according to which all Soviet schoolchildren studied. Of course, there have been major changes in terms of content, but the learning objectives remain the same. The most common misconception about this training program is that it is outdated. This is far from true. The program has been updated many times since 2000, improved and supplemented. This program allows you to thoroughly develop the academic skills (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful learning in secondary school.

The program solves the following tasks:

· personal development of younger schoolchildren;
· civic-oriented education of junior schoolchildren;
· formation of globally oriented thinking;
· providing environmentally adequate education.

Textbooks of the “School of Russia” program:

Teaching literacy and reading. Russian alphabet. Goretsky V.G., Kiryushkin V.A., Shanko A.F.

Russian language (2 lines). Zelenina L.M., Khokhlova T.E., Kanakina V.P., Goretsky V.G.

Literary reading. Klimanova L.F.

Mathematics. Moro M.I. and etc.

The world. Pleshakov A.A.

Fine Arts (2 lines):

· 1st line. Nemenskaya L.A. (1st grade and 4th grade); Koroteeva E.I. (2nd grade); Goryaeva N.A., Nemenskaya L.A., Piterskikh A.S. (3rd grade).

· 2nd line. Shpikalova T.Ya. (1 class); Shpikalova T.Ya., Ershova L.V. (2nd grade and 4th grade); Shpikalova T.Ya., Ershova L.V., Velichkina G.A. (3rd grade).

Program "Harmony"

Educational and methodological set “Harmony” (edited by N.B. Istomin (mathematics), M.S. Soloveichik and N.S. Kuzmenko (Russian language), O.V. Kubasov (literary reading), O.T. Poglazova (the world around us), N.M. Konysheva (labor education)) is successfully practiced in many schools. This program has common goals and objectives for everyone educational subjects, priority teaching methods and forms of organizing educational activities have been identified.

The advantages of this program: advanced learning is carried out, the included textbooks contain a methodological part, with the help of which parents can study and explain to the child the missed topic. The program uses new teaching technologies that allow you to develop your child’s logical thinking abilities. It is also noteworthy that the set offers tasks designed for children of different levels of preparedness. But there are also disadvantages: in mathematics, solving problems begins only in the second grade, and test papers The same ones are offered for all classes.

The Harmony program successfully solves such problems as:

· formation of methods of mental activity - analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy, generalization;
· a priority independent work students;
· active involvement in cognitive activity through observation, selection, transformation, design;
maintaining a balance between intuition and knowledge;
· reliance on the child’s experience;
· unity of intellectual and special skills.

Textbooks of the “Harmony” program:

Russian language, Literacy, Primer. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina.

Literary reading. O.V. Kubasova.

Mathematics. N.B. Istomina.

The world. FROM. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikina, V.D. Shilin.

Technology. N.M. Konysheva.

English language. M.Z. Biboletova, E.A. Lenskaya, N.V. Dobrynina and others.

Art. T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V. Koptsev

Music. M.S. Krasilnikova, O.N. Yashmolkina, O.I. Nekhaeva

Physical Culture. R.I. Tarnopolskaya, B.I. Mishin

Program "Primary school of the 21st century"

This program is the result of many years of research by a team of employees of the Primary School Center of the Institute of General Secondary Education of the Russian Academy of Education (now ISMO), as well as a number of employees of the Russian Academy of Education. Project manager – N.F. Vinogradova, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, professor.

This program takes the problem of forming the educational activity of a primary school student very seriously, and this is the only set where there is a parallel program “Educational Activities”. The material in this program is designed for strong, erudite children. What knowledge a student will have when moving on to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is important that Vinogradova’s set realizes the child’s right to his own individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, and play.

The tasks that the “Primary School of the 21st Century” program solves:

· use of visual imaginative thinking, appropriate for children of this age;
· inclusion of game teaching methods.

Textbooks of the program “Primary school of the 21st century”

Taking into account all of the above, the team of authors created learning tools for students - textbooks, workbooks. And for the teacher, books, guidelines, lesson planning, etc. There are special notebooks “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to understand the world around us”.

Program "School 2100"

“School 2100” edited by A.A. Leontyev. This program, by some estimates, is the most widespread. Every year more and more teachers work in this educational program. The main advantage of this program is its deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from the age of three until they enter university. All textbooks in the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the following principle: educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must learn the material to a minimum standard. This way, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can. The program teaches children to act independently and is aimed at developing logical thinking, speech, imagination, and memory.

Problems solved within the framework of the School 2100 program:

· continuity and continuity of education across all school subjects;
· independent discovery of new knowledge by children;
· formation of a unified picture of the world;
· focus on creativity in educational activities;
· Opportunity for each child to progress at their own pace.

Textbooks of the School 2100 program:

Computer science in games and tasks. A. V. Goryachev, K. I. Gorina, T. O. Volkova.

Primer, Russian language, Copybook. R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva, O. V. Pronina, M. A. Yakovleva.

The world. A. A. Vakhrushev, O. V. Bursky, A. S. Rautian, O. A. Kurevina.

Literary reading. R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva.

Children's rhetoric. T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, N. V. Ladyzhenskaya, R. I. Nikolskaya, G. I. Sorokina.

Mathematics. T. E. Demidova, S. A. Kozlova, A. P. Tonkikh; etc.

Program "Classical Primary School"

The “Classical Primary School” program is based on a holistic system of teaching junior schoolchildren, built on uniform psychological and pedagogical foundations.

Why is the proposed model of teaching primary schoolchildren a classic? Because at its core - classical principles didactics, the most important theoretical principles, developed and tested by many years of practice. A classical primary school is a holistic system of educating junior schoolchildren, built on uniform psychological and pedagogical foundations.

Problems solved within the framework of the “Classical Primary School” program:

· to form knowledge, abilities, skills and even personality traits of the child that meet the individual needs of each and are necessary for their future life.

Textbooks for the Classical Primary School program:

Literary reading. Reading and literature. Dzhezheley O.V.

Russian language. Ramzaeva T.G.

Mathematics. Alexandrova E.I.

The world. World and man. Vakhrushev A.A. and etc.

The world. Introduction to history (grades 3-4). Saplin A.I., Saplina E.V.

Art. Kubyshkina E.I., Kuzin V.S.

Technology. With my own hands. Malysheva N.A.

Music. Kichak T.N., Aleev V.V.

Promising Primary School Program

The main idea of ​​the “Prospective Primary School” program is the optimal development of each child based on pedagogical support of his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student or as a teacher, then in the role of organizer of a learning situation.

Pedagogical support for the child’s individuality during learning brings to the fore the problem of the relationship between learning and development. A system of tasks of different levels of difficulty, a combination of a child’s individual educational activity with his work in small groups and participation in club work make it possible to provide conditions under which learning goes ahead of development, that is, in the zone of proximal development of each student based on taking into account the level of his actual development and personal interests. What a student cannot do individually, he can do with the help of a deskmate or in a small group. And what is difficult for a specific small group, becomes understandable in the process of collective activity. A high degree of differentiation of questions and tasks and their number allow the primary school student to work in the conditions of his current development and create opportunities for his individual advancement.

Textbooks for the Prospective Primary School program:

ABC. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A.

Russian language. Churakova N.A., Kalenchuk M.L., Malakhovskaya O.V., Baykova T.A.

Literary reading. Churakova N.A.

Mathematics. Chekin A.L.

The world. Fedotova O.N., Trafimova G.V., Trafimov S.A., Tsareva L.A.

Music (grades 1-2). Chelysheva T.V., Kuznetsova V.V.

Technology. Ragozina T.M., Grineva A.A., Golovanova I.L., Mylova I.B.

Computer science (grades 2-4). Benenson E.P., Pautova A.G.

Program "Perspective"

The “Perspective” program was created on a basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education. The program ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a primary school student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs.

Tasks educational system"Perspective":

· formation of the ability to learn, inclusion of each child in independent cognitive activity;
· changing the teaching method from explanatory to activity-based;
· development of logical and figurative thinking, imagination, intuition;
· formation of a system of values ​​of humanism, creativity, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization in life.

Textbooks for the Perspective program:

- Russian language. ABC. Klimanova L.F., Makeeva S.G., Babushkina T.V.

– Literary reading. Goretsky V.G., Klimanova L.F., Vinogradskaya L.A., Boykina M.V.

English language grades 2-4 “English in Focus” (“Spotlight”) and “Star English” (“Starlight”). Dooley D., Bykova N.I., Evans V., Pospelova M.D., Baranova K.M., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P.

– German 2-4 grades. Ryzhova L.I., Fomicheva L.M., Bim I.L.

– Spanish 2-4 grades. Bukharova Yu.A., Voinova A.A., Moreno K.V.

– French 2-4 grades. Beloselskaya T.V., Kasatkina N.M., Beregovskaya E.M.

- Mathematics. "Learning to learn." Guseva A.V. Peterson L.G.

- Computer science. Semyonova A.L., Rudchenko T.A.

- The world. Novitskaya M.Yu., Pleshakov A.A.

- Music. Sergeeva G.P., Kritskaya E.D., Shmagina T.S.

Program "Planet of Knowledge"

The main feature of this program lies in its integrity - in the unity of the structure of the textbooks, in the unity of the forms of the educational process, in the unity of the educational schemes used, in the unity of through lines typical tasks, in the unity of approaches to the organization of educational and extracurricular activities.

Important role The general structure of all textbooks in the set plays a role in the formation of universal educational activities. Route sheets preceding each topic clearly represent the educational tasks facing primary schoolchildren. Highlighting invariant and variable content of the material on the pages of textbooks, a multi-level system of tasks provide the opportunity to organize educational process taking into account the student population, creating individual educational trajectories.

Objectives of the educational system “Planet of Knowledge”:

· ability to solve creative problems at the level of combinations and improvisations;
· work with educational, artistic and popular science texts;
· master the initial skills of searching for the necessary information;
· independently establish a sequence of actions to solve a learning task;
· determine ways to monitor and evaluate activities;
· identify the causes of difficulties that arise and ways to eliminate them;
· ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate the overall result of activities and one’s contribution to it.

Textbooks of the “Planet of Knowledge” program:

– Teaching literacy and reading. Primer. Andrianova T.M.

- Russian language. Andrianova T.M. and Ilyukhina V.A. (1st grade), Zheltovskaya L.Ya. (grades 2-4) –

– Literary reading. Katz E.E.

- Mathematics. Bashmakov M.I., Nefedova M.G.

- The world. Potapov I.V., Ivchenkova G.G. (1-2 grades), Ivchenkova G.G., Potapov I.V., Saplin A.I., Saplina E.V. (3-4 grade).

– English (grades 2-4). Larkina S.V., Goryacheva N.Yu., Nasonovskaya E.V.

- Music. Baklanova T.I.

– Fine arts (grades 1-2). Sokolnikova N.M., Lomov S.P.

– Technology (1st grade). Nefedova E.A., Uzorova O.V.

Zankov system

Zankov's system relies on the student's independence and his creative comprehension of the material. The teacher does not give schoolchildren the truth, but forces them to “get to the bottom” themselves. The scheme here is the reverse of the traditional one. First, examples are given, and students themselves must draw theoretical conclusions. The learned material is also reinforced with practical assignments. The new didactic principles of this system are rapid mastery of the material, a high level of difficulty, the leading role of theoretical knowledge, and the passage of educational material “in a spiral.”

For example, schoolchildren are already introduced to the concept of “Parts of Speech” in the first year of study, and they must come to an understanding of these concepts on their own. The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child; it teaches children to obtain information themselves, rather than receive it ready-made.

Objectives of training according to the Zankov system:

· formation of a holistic, broad picture of the world through the means of science, literature, and art;
· creating conditions for each student to understand the learning process;
· implementation active forms knowledge: observation, experiments, discussion;
· updating the practical significance of the material being studied for students;
· development information culture– carrying out research and design work.

System of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov

In this program, a special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning.

The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult. The Elkonin-Davydov education system involves the development of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task and test his own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate his own actions and the points of view of his partners. This system is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually and deeply.

In this system, however, the lack of marks can be intimidating. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students’ creative works. It serves as an indicator of progress instead of the usual diary.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, the emphasis is not on the result - acquired knowledge, but on the methods of comprehending it. In other words, the student may not remember something, but he must know where and how, if necessary, to fill this gap. Another feature: children learn not only that two and two make four, but also why four and not seven, eight, nine or twelve. In class, the principles of language construction, the origin and structure of numbers, etc. are studied. Knowledge of the rules, based on an understanding of their reasons, certainly stays stronger in the head.

Problems solved by the Elkonin-Davydov system:

· creating a comfortable learning atmosphere (no grades: assessment of students’ work occurs at a qualitative level in the form of recommendations);
· children do not become overtired, overloading their memory with numerous new information;
· development of the ability to think unusually, deeply.

When choosing a place of education for a preschooler, parents need to take into account many different factors: remoteness educational institution from home, teacher qualifications, learning conditions. Now this list will be replenished with one more item - the school program according to which children are taught in primary school in 2019-2020.

What type of program to choose

Many educational programs for junior schoolchildren have been developed. In addition to the well-known ones, such as “School of Russia”, “Perspective”, “Harmony”, there are original, experimental, and in-school ones. Officially, only two complexes are classified as developmental systems: L.V. Zankova and Elkonina D.B – Davydova V.V. All other primary school programs for 2019-2020 are traditional.

Primary school teachers can independently choose not only the teaching method, but also books from. The entire set of teaching materials selected for primary school students in 2019-2020 must be within the same educational system. Mixing different complexes is not recommended. IN traditional system The material is presented in such a way that the student first masters simple things, and then more complex ones. The acquired knowledge is acquired by solving similar problems. Students simply remember the solution mechanism and then confidently apply it.

Recently, this approach has often been criticized. Outside the educational institution, children cannot use the information received, and when they find themselves in an unusual situation, they get lost. However, this educational method has gained many years of experience, and its effectiveness has been proven over time. Almost all current adults studied using this system.

Primary school development programs for 2019-2020 imply a completely different learning structure. The textbooks do not have a clear division into topics, rules, or similar tasks. It is assumed that schoolchildren will be sufficiently erudite and inquisitive to obtain the necessary knowledge from other sources. The teacher not only talks about the subject, but also guides the child’s train of thought. This approach to learning is designed to develop in children the ability to solve non-standard problems.

Lack of developing school programs primary school 2019-2020 in that after graduating from 4th grade, the child will have to move on to traditional education. There are no well-developed teaching materials for this system in high schools.

“School of Russia” is a traditional presentation of material used over the past decades. This is exactly how they studied back in the Soviet Union. Over time, small changes were made to this program, but the principle remained the same.

“The Russian school is focused on:

• development of a person as an individual;
• awareness of universal human values;
• formation of a global way of thinking;
• providing high-quality, comprehensive education.

When entering 1st grade, a child may not be able to read and write. No additional preparation is required for preschoolers.

The educational and methodological complex of this program is the result of many years of experience of the staff of the Primary School Center and the Russian Academy of Education. The main goal is to teach the student to learn. The educational complex is designed for erudite children. Schoolchildren must be able to independently obtain material and apply it in practice. The primary school of the 21st century contains game techniques and visual materials. The educational complex includes such books as “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to understand the world around us”.

Since 2015 – one of the most popular programs. The main advantages are continuity and continuing education. Textbooks are developed not only for primary grades, but also for subsequent levels of education. Children can study under this system from the age of 3 until entering a higher education institution. The entire complex is designed taking into account the specific age of the student. Feature The program is that the child is given the maximum amount of material, but he must master at least the minimum. Thus, each student can learn as much as his abilities allow.

Planet of Knowledge is an innovative approach to curriculum primary school 2019-2020. All textbooks are interconnected. They have the same goals, objectives and approach to the learning process. Besides printed publications Electronic applications have been developed. During training, children are engaged in project activities. This stimulates students to deep knowledge of the proposed material.

D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova

This technique is aimed at developing logical abilities. Unprepared kids will not be able to cope with this program. It is understood that children entering the first grade can already independently read and count to 10. During training, schoolchildren learn to independently analyze the material, check their own guesses, and interact with the team. This system does not use grades. Instead of a diary, children create a portfolio of creative works. The teacher informs parents about the child’s progress and gives recommendations for further development.

Whatever program parents choose for elementary school in 2020, it should be remembered that much depends not only on the educational institution and the teacher, but also on the help of adults at home.