Prince of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod Konstantin Vasilyevich. Prince of Suzdal Konstantin Vasilyevich - Suzdal - history - catalog of articles - unconditional love Prince of Suzdal

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Children: Andrey, Dmitry, Boris, Dmitry Nogot, Evdokia

Konstantin Vasilievich(d. 1355) - Prince of Suzdal (1332-1355).

For the first time he began to participate in strife and pursue an active policy in 1339, when the Smolensk prince rebelled against the Horde, entering into an alliance with Gediminas. The Tatar army led by Tovlubiy, as well as a number of Russian princes, including, as the Nikon Chronicle indicates, Konstantin Vasilyevich, acted against Ivan Aleksandrovich Smolensky.

The reign of Constantine was the beginning of the era of the greatest flourishing of the influence of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality, which stood on a par with the Moscow and Tver principalities. Constantine became closer to Lithuania and married his son Boris to the daughter of Prince Olgerd Agrippina.

Family

Konstantin had two marriages: with certain Anna Vasilievna and Elena. He had five children (but which of them was born from which wife is not known for certain):

• Andrew (d. 1365) - Grand Duke Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod (1355-1365).
• Dmitry (1322-1383) - Prince of Suzdal from 1356, Grand Duke of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod from 1365. In 1360-1362 - the formal head of the Russian principalities (Grand Duke of Vladimir).
• Boris - Prince of Gorodets-Suzdal
• Dmitry Nogol - the unruly prince
• Evdokia (d. 1404) - wife of Mikhail Alexandrovich, Prince of Tver
• Antonida is the wife of Andrei Fedorovich of Rostov.

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Literature

• Serbov N.// Russian biographical dictionary
• Ekzemplyarsky A.V.// Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. -M., 1896-1918.

Links

An excerpt characterizing Konstantin Vasilyevich (Prince of Suzdal)

“Mais, mon prince,” said Anna Mikhailovna, “after such a great sacrament, give him a moment of peace.” Here, Pierre, tell me your opinion,” she turned to the young man, who, right up to them, looked in surprise at the embittered face of the princess, which had lost all decency, and at the jumping cheeks of Prince Vasily.
“Remember that you will be responsible for all the consequences,” said Prince Vasily sternly, “you don’t know what you are doing.”
- Vile woman! - the princess screamed, suddenly rushing at Anna Mikhailovna and snatching the briefcase.
Prince Vasily lowered his head and spread his arms.
At that moment the door, that terrible door that Pierre had been looking at for so long and which had opened so quietly, quickly and noisily fell back, banging against the wall, and the middle princess ran out of there and clasped her hands.
- What are you doing! – she said desperately. – II s"en va et vous me laissez seule. [He dies, and you leave me alone.]
The eldest princess dropped her briefcase. Anna Mikhailovna quickly bent down and, picking up the controversial item, ran into the bedroom. The eldest princess and Prince Vasily, having come to their senses, followed her. A few minutes later, the eldest princess was the first to emerge from there, with a pale and dry face and a bitten lower lip. At the sight of Pierre, her face expressed uncontrollable anger.
“Yes, rejoice now,” she said, “you have been waiting for this.”
And, bursting into tears, she covered her face with a handkerchief and ran out of the room.
Prince Vasily came out for the princess. He staggered to the sofa where Pierre was sitting and fell on it, covering his eyes with his hand. Pierre noticed that he was pale and that his lower jaw was jumping and shaking, as if in a feverish trembling.
- Ah, my friend! - he said, taking Pierre by the elbow; and in his voice there was a sincerity and weakness that Pierre had never noticed in him before. – How much do we sin, how much do we deceive, and all for what? I’m in my sixties, my friend... After all, for me... Everything will end in death, that’s it. Death is terrible. - He cried.
Anna Mikhailovna was the last to leave. She approached Pierre with quiet, slow steps.
“Pierre!...” she said.
Pierre looked at her questioningly. She kissed the young man's forehead, moistening it with her tears. She paused.
– II n "est plus... [He was gone...]
Pierre looked at her through his glasses.
- Allons, je vous reconduirai. Tachez de pleurer. Rien ne soulage, comme les larmes. [Come on, I'll take you with you. Try to cry: nothing makes you feel better than tears.]
She led him into the dark living room and Pierre was glad that no one there saw his face. Anna Mikhailovna left him, and when she returned, he, with his hand under his head, was fast asleep.
The next morning Anna Mikhailovna said to Pierre:
- Oui, mon cher, c"est une grande perte pour nous tous. Je ne parle pas de vous. Mais Dieu vous soutndra, vous etes jeune et vous voila a la tete d"une immense fortune, je l"espere. Le testament n"a pas ete encore ouvert. Je vous connais assez pour savoir que cela ne vous tourienera pas la tete, mais cela vous impose des devoirs, et il faut etre homme. [Yes, my friend, this is a great loss for all of us, not to mention you. But God will support you, you are young, and now you are, I hope, the owner of enormous wealth. The will has not yet been opened. I know you well enough and I am sure that this will not turn your head; but this imposes responsibilities on you; and you have to be a man.]
Pierre was silent.
– Peut etre plus tard je vous dirai, mon cher, que si je n"avais pas ete la, Dieu sait ce qui serait arrive. Vous savez, mon oncle avant hier encore me promettait de ne pas oublier Boris. Mais il n"a pas eu le temps. J "espere, mon cher ami, que vous remplirez le desir de votre pere. [Afterwards, perhaps I will tell you that if I had not been there, God knows what would have happened. You know that the uncle of the third day He promised me not to forget Boris, but he didn’t have time. I hope, my friend, you will fulfill your father’s wish.]
Pierre, not understanding anything and silently, blushing shyly, looked at Princess Anna Mikhailovna. After talking with Pierre, Anna Mikhailovna went to the Rostovs and went to bed. Waking up in the morning, she told the Rostovs and all her friends the details of the death of Count Bezukhy. She said that the count died the way she wanted to die, that his end was not only touching, but also edifying; The last meeting between father and son was so touching that she could not remember him without tears, and that she does not know who behaved better in these terrible moments: the father, who remembered everything and everyone in such a way. last minutes and such touching words were spoken to his son, or Pierre, whom it was a pity to see how he was killed and how, despite this, he tried to hide his sadness so as not to upset his dying father. “C"est penible, mais cela fait du bien; ca eleve l"ame de voir des hommes, comme le vieux comte et son digne fils,” [It’s hard, but it’s saving; the soul rises when you see people like the old count and his worthy son,” she said. She also spoke about the actions of the princess and Prince Vasily, not approving of them, but under big secret and in a whisper.

Andrey II YaroslavichAnd from the Vladimir-Suzdal family. book The ancestor of the Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich and the Smolensk prince. Rostislava Mstislavovna. Book Suzdal in 1246-1264. Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1248-1252.

Wife: since 1250, daughter of King Daniil Romanovich of Galicia, Princess Ustinia.

In 1247-1248, Andrei, together with Alexander Nevsky, went to the Horde to see Batu, and from there to Mongolia for a label to reign. The division between the Yaroslavichs was not peaceful. Tatishchev writes that Alexander and Andrei had a big dispute in the Horde about who should be in Vladimir, who should be in Kyiv, and the khan gave Kyiv to Alexander, and Vladimir to Andrei, allegedly based on the will of their father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich.

Andrei went to Vladimir and reigned here quietly for two years. As can be judged from the confused messages of the chronicle, Andrei had a noble soul, but a flighty mind. The elder brother's direct subservience to the khan seemed to offend and outrage him. He was preparing to move against the Horde, gathering regiments, paying tribute incorrectly and showing other signs of disobedience to the Tatars. For all these offenses, Khan Sartak sent a new army to Rus' led by Nevryu. It seems that Nevsky himself contributed a lot to this, who in 1252 went to the Don to Sartak to complain about his brother and ask for the great reign of Vladimir. Alexander received seniority, and hordes of Tatars invaded Suzdal land. At this news, Andrei said: “What is this, Lord! Why should we quarrel among ourselves and bring the Tatars against each other; it is better for me to flee to a foreign land than to be friends with the Tatars and serve them.” Gathering an army, he went out against Nevryuy, but was defeated near Pereyaslavl and fled to Novgorod. The Novgorodians, however, did not accept him, and he left for Sweden, where he was received with honor as an enemy of Alexander. According to Tatishchev, some time later he returned to Rus', made peace with Alexander and went to reign in his Suzdal. Later, Alexander reconciled Andrei with Sartak, and the two of them traveled to the Horde in 1257, and then to Novgorod with Tatar scribes. Tatishchev writes that after the death of Alexander, Andrei again wanted to take the grand-ducal table, but Khan Berke gave the label for the great reign to his brother Yaroslav III. However, Andrei outlived his brother by only a few months.

Yuri Andreevich (knee 12) From the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Andrei II Yaroslavich and the Galician princess Ustinia Danilovna. Vel. book Suzdal in 1264 - 1279. + March 8, 1279

Alexander Vasilyevich (knee 13) From the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod. book Son of Vasily Andreevich. Vel. book Suzdal in 1309 - 1332 + 1332 The silent news arrived that Alexander did not get along with the Bishop of Suzdal. In Vladimir (which belonged to him until his death, despite the fact that the great reign was given to Ivan Kalita), Alexander ordered the ancient veche bell to be removed from the Assumption Cathedral Church and transported to Suzdal, but he returned it, frightened by its dull sound.

Yuri Andreevich

From the family of Vladimir-Suzdal he led. book Son of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky and noblewoman Ulita Stenanovna Kuchkova. Book Novgorod in 1173 - 1175 J.: Georgian Queen Tamara.

In 1176, Yuri and the Vladimirites met Mikhail Yuryevich, who had arrived from Chernigov, in Moscow and together with him defeated the Rostovites in the battle of Zagorye. Mikhail sat down to reign in Vladimir, but died some time later. His brother Vsevolod Yuryevich the Big Nest had barely sat on the Vladimir throne when he kicked Yuri out of the city, apparently fearing that he would find a rival in him. Nothing more is reported about Yuri in the Russian chronicles, but in the Georgian chronicles there is an interesting story about him. future fate. When they were looking for a groom for the famous Georgian queen Tamara, Abulazin, the emir of Tiflis, appeared and said: “I know the son of the Russian sovereign, Grand Duke Andrei, to whom 300 kings in those countries obey; having lost his father at a young age, this prince was expelled by his uncle Vsevolod, ran away and is now with Svyatoslav of Chernigov." (Soloviev gives this interpretation to this place.) Yuri came to Georgia, the clergy and nobles begged Tamara to marry him as soon as possible. Yuri bravely fought the enemies of his new fatherland. But Tamara soon learned about her husband’s unnatural attractions. She endured for a long time, for a long time she exhorted Yuri to reform both herself and through the monks, but finally decided to divorce him, and Yuri was sent to Constantinople with, however, great wealth. Some time later, Yuri again appeared in Georgia, many city leaders supported him, and Bogolyubsky’s son was elevated to the throne of the Georgian kings. Tamara, however, did not despair; she gathered nobles loyal to herself and with their help defeated Yuri, who again had to leave Georgia, returned again and was defeated again. Where he went after that is unknown.

Vasily Andreevich (appanage prince of Suzdal)

Vasily Andreevich - appanage prince of Suzdal (1264 - 1309), whose descendants bore the title of grand dukes. Only the Nikon Chronicle speaks about this prince, which confuses the news about him: in one place it calls him the son of Mikhail Andreevich, while it is much more likely that he was his brother and descended with him, not from the son of Alexander Nevsky, Andrei Alexandrovich, and from his brother Andrei Yaroslavovich. See "" Nizhegor. letop.", ed. Gatsiski; Khramtsovsky “A Brief Essay on the History of Nizhny Novgorod” (Part I, Chapter 1); A. Ekzemplyarsky "Great and appanage princes in the Tatar period" (II, 388, 396 - 7). A.E.

Konstantin Vasilievich(knee 13) From the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Vasily Andreevich. Vel. book Suzdal in 1332 - 1355. Wives: 1) daughter of a Greek prince. Vasily, book. Anna; 2) book. Elena. November 21, 1355 In 1350, Constantine made his capital city Nizhny Novgorod. He was buried in the Nizhny Novgorod Church of St. Spasa.

Dmitry III KonstantinovichAnd from the families of the Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod Grand Dukes. Son of Konstantin Vasilyevich. Genus. OK. 1322 Book. Suzdal by 1354 - 1383. Vel. book Vladimirsky in 1359 - 1363. Book Novgorod in 1359 - 1363 Vel. book Nizhny Novgorod in 1365 - 1383

1) book Anna;

2) daughter of Prince. Rostovsky Konstantin Vasilievich, Prince. Vasilisa.

The place of reign of Dmitry Konstantinovich was Suzdal. Despite the fact that his elder brother Andrei Konstantinovich bore the title of Grand Duke of Suzdal, he, like his father, lived in wealthy Nizhny Novgorod, and gave Suzdal, which had lost its significance, to his younger brother. But it so happened that energy and enterprise were inherent precisely in Dmitry, and not in Andrey, who, apparently, was distinguished by a calm and quiet disposition. In 1359, after the death of Grand Duke Ivan Ivanovich the Red, only his young children Dmitry (the future Donskoy) and Ivan remained to reign in Moscow. Then Dmitry Konstantinovich went to the Horde and got himself a label for the great reign there. From the Horde he went to Vladimir and, in order to consolidate his hold on him, remained to live in this ancient grand ducal capital. But the Moscow boyars did not think of giving in. In 1362, together with their prince, they went to the Horde. Nevrus, who gave the label to Dmitry Konstantinovich, was already killed, and Khan Murid gave the label to Dmitry Ivanovich. The boyars mounted all three young Moscow princes (Dmitry, his younger brother Ivan and cousin Vladimir Andreevich) and marched with them against Dmitry Konstantinovich. He could not resist the Moscow regiments and left Vladimir. Soon Khan Abdul, Murid's rival, sent his ambassadors to Moscow, Dmitry Ivanovich received them with honor. Murid was angry at this and in 1363 he gave the label to Dmitry. This time Dmitry stayed in Vladimir for only 12 days and was expelled for the second time by the Moscow army. Dmitry Ivanovich was not calmed down by this and went to Suzdal, besieged it, and devastated the surrounding area, so that Dmitry Konstantinovich had to recognize his power over himself. When Dmitry Konstantinovich was again brought a label from the Horde in 1365, he no longer wanted to tempt fate and forever renounced the great reign in favor of the Moscow prince, so that he would help him deal with his younger brother. By this time, the eldest of the Konstantinovichs, Andrei, died of the plague, and Dmitry’s younger brother, Boris, sat down to reign in Nizhny. Dmitry turned to Moscow for help. Before using force, the Moscow prince decided to take advantage of the authority of Metropolitan Alexei. He sent St. Sergius to Nizhny Novgorod. Sergius closed all the churches in Nizhny. After this, regiments were sent from Moscow, and when Dmitry Konstantinovich approached Nizhny with them, Boris came out to meet him with bows and submission. Dmitry made peace with him, took Nizhny for himself, and gave Gorodets to his brother. In 1366, he married his daughter to Dmitry Ivanovich and from that time became his constant ally. In 1375, with his son-in-law and other Russian princes, Dmitry went to Tver against Mikhail Alexandrovich.

In 1377, Tsarevich Arapsha, having defeated the Russians on the Pyana River, unexpectedly appeared near Nizhny Novgorod. Dmitry Konstantinovich fled to Suzdal, and the residents fled on ships along the Volga. The Tatars intercepted those who did not manage to escape, burned the city, devastated the surrounding area and went back.

In 1378, the Tatars again appeared near Nizhny. Arriving from Gorodets, Dmitry saw that it was impossible to defend the city and therefore sent a ransom to them, but the Tatars did not accept the ransom and burned Nizhny. Before his death, Dmitry still managed to rebuild stone walls around Nizhny Novgorod. Shortly before his death, he accepted the schema. He was buried in Nizhny Novgorod in the Church of St. Spasa.

Evdokia Konstantinovna(? - 1.4.1404) (14th generation), wife of Mikhail Alexandrovich (1333 - 26.8.1399), Prince Mikulinsky, Grand Duke of Tver (see Tver Grand Dukes)

Andrey Konstantinovich(knee 14) - the eldest of the sons of Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich of Suzdal, died in 1365. After the death of his father, he received from Khan Chanibek a label for the reign of Suzdal, Novgorod-Nizhny and Gorodets.

From the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Konstantin Vasilyevich and Greek princess Anna Vasilievna. Vel. book Suzdal in 1355 - 1359. Vel. book Nizhny Novgorod since 1359

Wife: Prince Anastasia or daughter of Tverite Ivan Kiyasovsky Vasilisa.

No later than 1359, Andrei finally moved the capital of the principality to the rich and strong Nizhny Novgorod, giving Suzdal, which had lost its significance, to his brother Dmitry. When Ivan II Ivanovich of Moscow died, Andrei could well have received the label for the great reign, since the young Dmitry Ivanovich began to reign in Moscow. But Andrei, according to the chronicler, did not want to take the label; There is news that he said: “To seek a shortcut is to spend only money, and then, when the legal heir Dmitry of Moscow grows up, it will be necessary to fight with him, and moreover, he must break the oath given to his father.” Andrei died during the plague epidemic.

Buried in the Church of St. Spa in Nizhny Novgorod.

Boris Konstantinovich from the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Konstantin Vasilyevich. Book Gorodnensky in 1355 - 1393 Vel. book Nizhny Novgorod in 1383 - 1387, 1393

Wife: since 1354 daughter led. book Lithuanian Olgerd, led. book Agrippina 1393

In 1370, Boris, with the Nizhny Novgorod regiments and his nephew Vasily Dmitrievich, as well as the khan’s ambassador Agikhozheya, went to war against the Bulgarian prince Asan; he met them with petitions and gifts, they took the gifts, but put Saltan, Bakov’s son, in the reign. In 1377, the Mordovians unexpectedly sailed along the Volga to the Nizhny Novgorod principality and plundered it. Boris rushed in pursuit and defeated the Mordovians near the Piana River: some drowned, others were beaten. Not satisfied with this, in winter, despite the terrible frosts, Boris went with the Nizhny Novgorod army to the Mordovian land and “created it empty.” With him was the Moscow army, led by the governor Svibl.

In 1383, Dmitry Konstantinovich died. Khan Tokhtamysh gave the label to Nizhny in the old days to Boris, but his nephews, the sons of Dmitry, armed themselves against their uncle and, with the help of Dmitry Donskoy, forced him to cede Nizhny (in 1387). Boris left for his Gorodets, prophesying to his nephews that they would cry because of their enemies.

After the death of Donskoy, Boris went to the Horde and asked for a label for the Nizhny Novgorod principality. But the young son of Donskoy, Vasily 1, went to Tokhtamysh in 1393 and bought a label for the Nizhny Novgorod principality there. Hearing about the Vasilievs' plans, Boris called his boyars to him and began to say to them: “Gentlemen and brothers, my boyars and friends! Remember your kiss on the cross to me, remember how you swore to me.” His senior boyar was Vasily Rumyanets, who answered the prince: “Don’t be sad, Mr. Prince! We are all faithful to you and are ready to lay down our heads for you and shed blood.” This is what he said to his prince, and meanwhile he exiled himself with Vasily, promising to hand over Boris to him.

On the way back from the Horde, having reached Kolomna, Vasily sent an ambassador to Nizhny Tokhtamyshev with his boyars. Boris at first did not want to let them into the city, but Rumyants began to say to him: “Mr. Prince! The Khan’s ambassador and the Moscow boyars are coming here to drink peace and establish eternal love, but you yourself want to raise a fight and fight; let them into the city; What can they do to you? We are all with you." But as soon as the ambassador and the boyars entered the city, they ordered the bells to be rung, gathered the people and announced to him that Nizhny already belonged to the Prince of Moscow. Boris, hearing about this, sent for the boyars and began to say to them: “My gentlemen and brothers, dear squad! Remember the kiss of the cross, do not hand me over to my enemies.” To this the same Rumyanets answered him: “Mr. Prince! Don’t rely on us, we are no longer yours and not with you, but against you.”

Boris was captured. A little later, Vasily I came to Nizhny, planted his governors here, and ordered Prince Boris with his wife, children and well-wishers to be taken in chains to different cities and kept under strong guard. Using the same label, in addition to Nizhny, Vasily acquired Gorodets, Murom, Meshchera and Tarusa.

Boris Konstantinovich died in 1393. He was buried in Suzdal, in the Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral.

Boris is known as a builder: in 1372, as a stronghold against the attacks of the Mordovians, Cheremis and Tatars, he founded the city of Kurmysh, on the river. Sura (now county town Simbirsk province), and three years before that he built a cathedral church in the city in honor of the Archangel Michael (1369).

Dmitry Konstantinovich(1323 or 1324-83), Prince of Suzdal (from 1355), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1360-63), Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod (1364). In 1366 he married his daughter Evdokia to Dmitry Ivanovich (Donskoy). In 1382 he supported Tokhtamysh and contributed to the capture of Moscow by the Horde. Dmitry Konstantinovich (junior) - the founder of the Nogtev family

Vasily Dmitrievich KirdyapaAnd from the families of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Dmitry III Konstantinovich and Prince. Rostov Vasilisa Konstantinovna. Vel. book Suzdal in 1383 - 1393. Book Nizhny Novgorod in 1387-1393. Book Shuisky in 1393-1403 1403

In 1376, Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow sent the governor Dmitry of Volynsky to the Bulgarians. Vasily and his brother Ivan went with Volynsky. Together they approached Kazan. The Kazan people came out of the city against them, shooting from bows and crossbows; others made some kind of thunder to frighten the Russians, and some rode out on camels to alarm the horses. But all these tricks failed: the Russians drove the enemy into the city, and the Kazan princes Asan and Mohammed-Soltan were forced to hit the face of the prince with their foreheads; paid one thousand rubles to Dmitry of Moscow, one thousand to Novgorod, three thousand to the governors and to military people; In addition, the chronicles say that the Russians installed their own tax collector in Kazan.

In 1382, during Tokhtamysh’s campaign against Rus', his father sent Vasily and his brother Semyon to the khan’s camp with assurances of peace and friendship. Vasily joined the Tatars on the borders of Russian land. Approaching Moscow, Tokhtamysh besieged the Kremlin for three days, but did not have much hope of taking it. Then the khan conceived a trick: on the fourth day, the Horde princes drove up to the walls and with them Vasily and Semyon, who were Dmitry Donskoy's suras. They began to say to the besieged: “The Tsar wants to favor you, his people and the ulusniks, because you are not to blame: the Tsar did not come to attack you, but to Prince Dmitry, and from you he only demands that you meet him and bring small gifts; I want he will see your city and visit it, and he will give you peace and love.” Vasily and his brother swore an oath to the Muscovites that the khan would not do them any harm. They believed, opened the Kremlin gates and came out with crosses and gifts. But the Tatars began to cut down the clergy without mercy, broke into the Kremlin, beat or captured all the inhabitants, and plundered the churches. Thus, the Nizhny Novgorod princes provided the Tatars with no last service in their new triumph over Moscow after the Battle of Kulikovo. In 1383, after the death of Dmitry Konstantinovich, Tokhtamysh gave the label for the reign of Nizhny Novgorod to his younger brother Boris, but in 1387 Vasily and Semyon resorted to the help of Dmitry Donskoy and expelled his uncle from Nizhny. Leaving the city, Boris prophesied to his nephews that they would cry because of their enemies. This prophecy came true. In 1393, Boris obtained a new label for the reign from the khan, and apparently gave Suzdal to his nephews. In the same year, Vasily I, son of Donskoy, bought the Nizhny Novgorod principality from Tokhtamysh, and imprisoned Boris. Vasily and Semyon remained reigning in the Suzdal volost, now covered on all sides by Moscow lands. In 1394, immediately after the death of Boris Konstantinovich, both nephews ran out of Suzdal to the Horde to seek a label for their patrimony - Nizhny, Suzdal and Gorodets. Vasily I sent them in pursuit, but they managed to avoid it and safely reach the Horde. Subsequently, Vasily Kirdyapa made peace with the Moscow prince, since under 1403 it is mentioned that he died in Gorodets.

From the son of Vasily - Yuri - came the line of princes Shuisky.

Semyon Dmitrievich

From the family of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod leaders. book Son of Dmitry III Konstantinovich and the Rostov prince. Vasilisa Konstantinovna. Book Suzdal in 1383 - 1393. Vel. book Nizhny Novgorod in 1387 - 1393

In 1387, Semyon, together with his brother Vasily Kirdyapa, expelled Uncle Boris from Nizhny Novgorod. In 1393, after Vasily I Dmitrievich of Moscow bought the Nizhny Novgorod principality, Semyon remained in Suzdal. The following year, the brothers fled to the Horde to seek labels for their fatherland. In 1399, Semyon, together with the Tatar prince Eytyak, who had 100 troops, approached Nizhny Novgorod, where three Moscow governors had secluded themselves. The Tatars fought under the city for three days, and many people died from arrows; finally the Nizhny Novgorod residents surrendered the city, taking an oath from the Tatars that they would neither rob Christians nor take prisoners. But the Tatars broke their oath and robbed all the Russians naked. Semyon said: “It was not I who deceived, but the Tatars; I am not free in them; I cannot do anything with them.” The Tatars stayed in Nizhny for two weeks with Semyon, but then, hearing that the Moscow prince was gathering an army against them, they fled to the Horde.

After this, Semyon took refuge with the Tatars, without giving up the hope of regaining his ancestral domain. This forced the Moscow prince in 1401 to send two of his governors to look for Semyon, his wife, children and his boyars. In the Mordovian land they found Semenov’s wife, Princess Alexandra. She was robbed and brought along with her children to Moscow, where she sat in the Beleutov courtyard until her husband sent her to the Grand Duke with a petition and submitted to him. He came to Moscow, made peace with the Grand Duke, took his family and, sick, went to Vyatka, which had long been dependent on the Suzdal principality. Here he died a few months later. This prince, says the chronicler, experienced many misfortunes in the Horde and in Rus', all while seeking his homeland; For eight years he did not know peace, he served four khans in the Horde - Tokhtamysh, Temir-Aksak, Temir-Kutluy and Shakhlibek - all raising an army against the Grand Duke of Moscow; he did not have his own refuge, he did not know rest for his feet - and all in vain.

Ivan Borisovich Tight Bow- Prince of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod (1370 - 1418), the younger of the two sons of Boris Konstantinovich. At the age of 12, together with his father, in 1383, he went to the khan with gifts after the ruin of Moscow by Tokhtamysh; about the struggle of the Borisovichs with the grand ducal brother Peter, with the village. Lyskov, see Daniil Borisovich. The Borisovichs were unable to fight, and in 1416 they came to Moscow, from where they fled in 1418 to an unknown destination. It is also unknown who Ivan Borisovich was married to. Some genealogies consider him childless, while others attribute to him a son, Alexander the Belly, and a grandson, Semyon. He died in Nizhny Novgorod and was buried in the Nizhny Novgorod Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. See ""P. S. R. L. "" (I, 235; V, 261; VI, 140; VIII, 48 - 49, 88, 90); "Nikon Chronicle" (IV, 67, 70, 73, 142, 155); "Acts of History" (I, 25, 38); Karamzin (V, pr. 254), as well as under the words Boris Konstantinovich and Daniil Borisovich.

Daniil Borisovich- Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod, son of Grand Duke Boris Konstantinovich. Daniil was the most stubborn opponent of the annexation of Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow, which had already taken place under his father. The orders of the Moscow government, which gave the title of Nizhny Novgorod Grand Duke to Daniel's cousin, Ivan Vasilyevich, caused a sharp protest on Daniel's part: he fled to the Horde in 1411, with the help of the Tatar rulers of Kama Bulgaria, defeated the brother of Grand Duke Peter near the village of Lyskova; in the same year, with the help of Lithuanian intrigue, he received a label for the Grand Duchy of Nizhny Novgorod and in 1412 took possession of it. The Tatar detachments that came to Rus' with him plundered and burned Vladimir, which was taken with their assistance. Having lost Nizhny Novgorod, Daniel soon arrived in Moscow in 1418, and the next year he fled from there, probably to the Horde. In 1423 - 1442 he calls himself "Grand Duke" and even beats a coin. How and where Daniel ended is unknown. - On the identity of Daniel with Boris Vseslavich cf. "Proceedings of the Russian Archaeological Society", new series, V, 375 - abstract by Kh. Loparev.

Dmitry Konstantinovich of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod - a representative of the Rurik dynasty, who in the second half of the 14th century disputed the right of the Moscow house of Rurik to the great reign of Vladimir.

In the long line of great Vladimir princes, there are significant and well-known figures, and there are those who, trying to turn the tide of the historical process in their favor, still did not succeed and remained second-row characters in this historical performance. Among the latter is Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich Suzdal - a representative of the younger branch of the descendants of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich.

Dmitry Konstantinovich lived a long life, by medieval standards - 61 years. He was born in 1322. Associated with it is the interesting phenomenon of “direct name” or “two names”, which was quite widespread at that time. It consists in the fact that the first, direct or baptismal name was the name with which the baby was named in honor of the saint on whose memory he was born. In addition to this, the child also received the main name by which his contemporaries knew him. And, finally, there could be a third name - a monastic one, associated with accepting monasticism before death. The Prince of Suzdal had all three names: at baptism he was named Thomas, in history he is known as Dmitry, and before his death he received the monastic name Theodore.

In addition, Dmitry Konstantinovich Suzdalsky is also known in history as the Elder, since he had a brother - a full namesake, who had the nickname Nail and did not own any inheritance.

Dmitry Konstantinovich belongs to the Rurikovich line, coming from the younger brother of Prince Andrei Yaroslavovich, who, after returning to Rus', received as an inheritance, and in 1256 - Suzdal. After his death in 1264, only Suzdal remained in the possession of Andrei’s descendants. Dmitry Konstantinovich's father, Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich, managed to return the rights to Nizhny Novgorod, where the capital of the new Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality, separated from the territory of the Vladimir principality, was moved. It is important that Konstantin Vasilyevich was the first of the representatives of this branch of the Rurikovich to join the struggle for the grand-ducal table in 1353 after the death of the Moscow prince from the plague. One of the Kalitichs then became the Grand Duke, but Konstantin Vasilyevich recognized his power only before his death in 1355. Over the next 10 years, the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality was ruled by his eldest son Andrei Konstantinovich, while Dmitry had only the Suzdal inheritance in it. Only after the death of his elder brother did Dmitry Konstantinovich finally receive full power in the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality. By this time he was already 43 years old and an experienced politician.

The struggle for the great reign of Vladimir

The year 1359 is a time of significant political changes. Firstly, this year the so-called “zamyatnya” began in the Horde - a period of acute political instability that lasted until 1380. During this time, 25 khans changed on the khan's throne, most of whom were puppets in the hands of various political forces. This situation led to an intensification of the struggle for power both in Rus' and in the Horde. But an important point is the fact that it still did not lead to a significant change in the relationship between the Horde government and the Russian princes. The rapid change of khans and the severity of the political confrontation could not weaken the existing dependence of the Russian “officials”. Secondly, Ivan II the Red died and the throne, along with the right to the great reign of Vladimir, passed to his 9-year-old son. Since the new prince, due to his age, could not govern the state, Metropolitan Alexy, a man, became the de facto ruler great mind, will and authority.

Events developed as follows. At the end of the summer or beginning of the autumn of 1359, Khan Bardibek was killed in the Horde, Khan Kulpa sat on the throne, who was also eliminated 5 months later. Navruz became the new khan. During all these events, on November 13, 1359, Grand Duke Ivan died in Moscow. These circumstances forced “all the princes of Rousse” come to the Horde to express loyalty and resolve the issue of transferring the great reign to one of the contenders. The main one was, of course, considered to be the young Moscow prince, since this branch of the Rurikovichs had not issued ownership rights to the great reign of Vladimir for more than 30 years. However, Navruz expressed a desire to transfer the great reign not to Dmitry of Moscow, but to Andrei Konstantinovich of Suzdal. The reason for the Khan's disfavor towards the heir to the Moscow throne was that he entered into relations with the Mamai Horde. But Andrei Konstantinovich refused and then the label went to Dmitry Konstantinovich. The document was handed over to Prince Ivan Belozersky, who was in the Horde, who brought it to Rus', accompanied by 30 Tatars. So on June 22, 1360, Dmitry Konstantinovich became the Grand Duke of Vladimir.

For the Moscow prince, this meant the loss of a significant part of the lands of the Vladimir principality with the cities of Yaropolch. In addition, a coalition of vassals formed around the new Grand Duke, which included, and. The Khan gave the Principality of Galicia to Dmitry Borisovich, and returned the Sretensky half of Rostov to the Rostov princes. Thus, the possessions of the Kalitichs were reduced to the borders of 1327 and at the same time there was a significant rise of the Suzdal prince over all the other Rurikovichs who ruled in North-Eastern Rus'.

However, the situation that arose did not mean the end of the struggle, since even before Dmitry Konstantinovich came to Vladimir, Khan Navruz was killed, and Dmitry Ivanovich did not accept such a balance of power in the territory that he considered his by right of belonging to the Kalitich branch. In 1362, the Moscow and Suzdal princes “they were talking about the great reign”. Each of them sent their envoys to the new Khan Murat. Luck was on Dmitry Ivanovich's side and he received the Grand Duke's label.

It is clear that now this categorically did not suit Dmitry Konstantinovich. He hoped for another change of power in the Horde. However, in the current situation, he could not do anything, fearing a military clash with Moscow, which was stronger in this regard, and was forced to leave Vladimir and move to his patrimony - Suzdal. At the same time, the Moscow prince, trying to further strengthen his position, made a mistake - he secured a label for the great reign from his rival Murat Khan Abdullah, behind whom stood the temnik Mamai. Murat reacted as befits an eastern despot. In 1363, the label for the great reign of Vladimir again found itself in the hands of Dmitry Konstantinovich. The confrontation did not end there. Dmitry Ivanovich, who had a label from Abdullah and a much more significant military potential, decided to act independently, essentially against the will of one of the opposing khans, went to war against Suzdal, actually took away the great reign of Vladimir from Dmitry Konstantinovich and brought the princes who were on the to his side: “I also fell as the prince of Rostov. And Dmitry Galich was kicked out of Galich". Thus, despite the fact that in the Horde Dmitry Konstantinovich continued to be considered the great prince of Vladimir, in reality he was no longer one and the prospects for occupying this throne became very ephemeral for him. Nizhny Novgorod was also lost to him, since his brother Boris sat there since 1364. Sources preserved the mention that for this purpose ambassadors came from Saray, who placed Boris in the reign of Nizhny Novgorod. Dmitry Konstantinovich tried to negotiate peacefully with Boris, but he “do not yield to his reign”.

As a result, Moscow restored the situation that existed before 1359, and Dmitry Konstantinovich found himself in a very difficult situation. He made another attempt to seize the Vladimir table, taking advantage of the “disorder” in the Horde. The fact is that in 1363, the de facto ruler of the western part of the Horde was Temnik Mamai, who used the weak khans from the Chinggisid clan as a cover for his power. The Trans-Volga Horde, with its capital in Sarai, was also unstable. Mamai tried to capture her, but was unsuccessful. In the winter of 1364-1365, the son of Dmitry Konstantinovich, Prince Vasily, managed to obtain for his father a label for the great reign of Vladimir from the Sarai ruler Aziz. However, realistically assessing his military-political potential, the Suzdal prince not only renounced this right, but also made a deal with his rival Dmitry Ivanovich Moskovsky. Its conditions: the Suzdal prince does not lay claim to the great reign of Vladimir, and in return the Moscow ruler helps him get Nizhny Novgorod. This agreement brought the desired result. Faced with the Moscow-Suzdal coalition, Boris left for Gorodets. Dmitry Konstantinovich received Nizhny Novgorod and made it the capital of his principality. In 1372 it was founded here Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, and from 1377 the Larentiev Chronicle began to be kept.

This event meant the final refusal of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod branch of the Rurikovichs from claims to the great reign of Vladimir, which from that moment was virtually monopolized by the Moscow dynasty. The union was sealed by the conclusion of a dynastic marriage in 1366 between Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow and Evdokia, daughter of Dmitry Konstantinovich of Suzdal.

Prince of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod - an ally of Moscow

In the 1370s, not only a dynastic, but also a military alliance took shape between Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow. Dmitry Konstantinovich took part in military campaigns against the Volga Bulgars. In 1370, Dmitry Konstantinovich with the army, which was accompanied by the Mamai “tsar’s ambassador” Achikhozha, went against the Bulgars, against Asan, who ruled “in Bolgareh”. Asan gave up and ceded power to Mamai’s protege. In 1377, Dmitry went against the Mordovians. However, the main aspect of the alliance between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod was the fight against the Tatars.

As you know, in the 1370-1380s there was a turning point in relations between Russia and the Horde. If before this the Russian rulers could resist the Tatars only in the context of resolving internecine princely conflicts, now there was a conscious choice to destroy the Horde dependence as such. The process of formation of this new position was gradual and it was woven both into the acute struggle of the Russian princes for primacy, and into the contradictions in the Horde, which entered a period of unrest and strife.

In the early 1370s, the political situation deteriorated sharply. Dmitry Ivanovich came to “reconciliation with Totara and Mamai”, who handed over the label for the great reign of Vladimir to the Tver prince Mikhail Alexandrovich. A new confrontation developed between Moscow and, which enlisted the support of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd. The cooling of relations with the Horde also meant that Moscow refused to collect and pay the due tribute. In this situation, Dmitry Konstantinovich showed complete solidarity with his son-in-law. He participated in the Pereyaslav Congress of Princes in 1374, which decided to jointly fight the Horde. In 1374, Mamai sent a detachment to Nizhny Novgorod under the command of Sary-aka (Saraiki). In Nizhny Novgorod they were met unfriendly: “The ambassadors of the Mamaevs, and with them the Tatars with a thousand, and the elder of their name in the Saraik, took his hands and brought them to Nizhny Novgorod and with his retinue”. Saraika and his entourage were captured and imprisoned in the fortress. In 1375, another congress took place, but no information has been preserved about its location and decisions. At the same time, it is symptomatic that during its implementation, the detention of Saraika and other captured Tatars in Nizhny Novgorod was tightened. The initiator of this decision was the son of Dmitry Konstantinovich Vasily. They tried to take the weapons from the Tatars, but they resisted, during which Saraika shot an arrow at Bishop Daniel. The bishop was not injured, but the Tatars were killed. Mamai did not leave this event without consequences; his troops devastated the Nizhny Novgorod volosts of Kish and Zapyanye.

In 1375, an army of the Moscow prince and his vassals, unprecedented in its strength, moved to Tver under the command of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. In its ranks was Dmitry Konstantinovich Nizhny Novgorod with his son Semyon and brothers Boris and Dmitry Nogtem. As a result, the label for the great reign of Vladimir returned to Moscow.

In 1377, Dmitry Konstantinovich faced a direct threat from the Tatars. They invaded the Nizhny Novgorod principality and he turned to his son-in-law, Moscow Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, for help. The Yaroslavl, Murom, Pereyaslavl, Vladimir and Yuryev regiments were sent to help. Since it was unclear when the Tatars would approach, Dmitry Ivanovich, without waiting for a military clash, returned to Moscow, entrusting control of the army to Dmitry Konstantinovich’s son, the young prince Ivan Dmitrievich. The battle took place on August 2, 1377 on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod principality near the Piana River. The Russian forces did not have time to prepare for the start of the battle and, being taken by surprise, were completely defeated. Prince Ivan died. The Nizhny Novgorod principality remained completely defenseless against the real Tatar threat. The Horde took Nizhny Novgorod, subjected it to two days of plunder and took away a large convoy.

Dmitry Konstantinovich did not participate in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, but he sent Suzdal squads to the Moscow army. After the death of Mamai, power in the Horde passed to Khan Tokhtamysh, who in 1382 went to war against Moscow. Now Dmitry Konstantinovich refused to support his son-in-law and even sent two sons to the Horde - Simeon and Vasily Kirdyapa. This act was most likely dictated by the desire to protect his principality from another Tatar invasion. The brothers played an unseemly role in the famous sack of Moscow in 1382. It was they who lured the city’s defenders into negotiations, promising them safety. But they were killed by the Tatars. After the Moscow fire, Vasily Kirdyapa was taken to the Horde as a hostage.

Dmitry Konstantinovich died on July 5, 1383 and after his death the principality was transferred to the enemy of Moscow, Gorodets Prince Boris Konstantinovich, who received a label for him from Khan Tokhtamysh.

The famous in political history originates from the sons of Dmitry Konstantinovich Vasily Kirdyapa and Simeon.

Prince of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod Konstantin Vasilievich

Despite all the hardships and disasters of the Tatar-Mongol raids, the appanage city of Suzdal for a short time occupied a more prominent position during this period. After the death of Ivan Kalita, the Moscow princes were not yet strong enough to seize this inheritance under their power. However, dependence on Moscow weighed heavily on Suzdal, and the city began to fight for its independence. In this regard, Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich was an outstanding personality: “He reigned honestly and formidably, protecting his homeland from strong princes and from the Tatars.” To distance themselves from the ever-increasing claims of Moscow, the cities of Nizhny Novgorod and Gorodets on the Volga formed a separate independent principality, and in 1350, Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich even moved the capital from Suzdal to Nizhny Novgorod - away from Moscow.

In Nizhny Novgorod, the prince begins to widely develop the lands; stone construction in the city itself, in particular, the construction of a stone cathedral, is also associated with his name. The borders of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality covered the entire Volga region to Yuryevets in the north and the Susa River in the south, passed along the Klyazma River, capturing northern part the former Vyaznikovsky district, and also occupied Suzdal and Shuisky districts. In addition to Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod, the principality also included such cities as Gorodets, Berezhets, Yuryevets and Shuya.

During the reign of Konstantin Vasilyevich, a terrible pestilence raged in Suzdal, which went down in history under the name “Black Death”; a sick person began to spit blood and after two or three days died in agony. Chroniclers of that time reported: “It is impossible to depict a spectacle so cruel; young men and old men, spouses, children lay in coffins next to each other; entire families disappeared in one day.” There was not enough time to bury the dead, and terrible, disfigured corpses lay on the streets for a long time.

The "Black Death" and the Tatar sword exterminated most of the city's inhabitants. Trade between Suzdal residents and the Bulgarians, who delivered grain here in case of crop failure and handicraft goods from the East, ceased. Stone construction in Suzdal has been stagnant for a long time, and no trace of the wooden buildings of the 13th–15th centuries has survived.

The city all the time remained the patrimony of Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich, who had four sons - Andrei, Dmitry, Boris and another Dmitry (nicknamed Nail). Having become the head of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality after the death of his father, Andrei Konstantinovich gave his brothers Dmitry (Foma) and Boris inheritances. Dmitry Konstantinovich (senior) received Suzdal as an inheritance.

In 1359, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan II the Red (son of Ivan Kalita) died, whose heir was his eldest son Dmitry Ivanovich (the future Donskoy). Taking advantage of the infancy of the Grand Duke of Moscow, the Suzdal prince Dmitry Konstantinovich, together with his brother Andrei, went to the Horde, presented Khan Navrus with rich gifts and received from him a label for the great reign of Vladimir. Contemporaries saw this as injustice, since they were already accustomed to seeing the Moscow princes as great princes.

Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich solemnly entered Vladimir, accepted the blessing from Metropolitan Alexy of Moscow and became the Grand Duke. The Novgorodians willingly submitted to his governors, but the Moscow boyars decided to stand up for the rights of their young prince. Moscow troops under the leadership of young Dmitry Ivanovich went to Vladimir, Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich fled without any resistance to Suzdal and again began to reign in the hereditary inheritance. He was still independent...

Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich declared himself a Grand Duke another time and took Vladimir for himself. And then Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, who came out with the Moscow regiments, drove him out of Vladimir and besieged him in Suzdal itself. The city could not resist for long, and why was it necessary to shed Russian blood? What could Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich do against the powerful Prince of Moscow? He was forced to submit, and he was even allowed to rule, but as someone who had sworn allegiance to Moscow. Thus, more than a century of independence of Suzdal collapsed.

In 1365, the Nizhny Novgorod prince Andrei Konstantinovich (the eldest of the sons of the Suzdal prince Konstantin Vasilyevich) died, and a struggle for Nizhny Novgorod broke out between the younger brothers - Boris and Dmitry Konstantinovich. The Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich took the side of Dmitry Konstantinovich; To reconcile the brothers, St. Sergius of Radonezh also came to the city, but they did not want reconciliation. After this, the Moscow prince gave Dmitry Konstantinovich an army, at the sight of which Prince Boris Konstantinovich ceded Nizhny Novgorod to his brother, and he himself went to Gorodets.

After the death of Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich, his sons Simeon and Vasily, nicknamed Kirdyapa, went to the Horde. Khan Tokhtamysh gave Nizhny Novgorod to their uncle, Prince Boris Konstantinovich, Suzdal - to Prince Simeon Dmitrievich, and left Vasily Kirdyapa as a hostage. He was in the Horde until 1388, and then, having appeased the khan, he begged to return to his homeland and received Gorodets as his inheritance, although he had all the rights to Suzdal. Not content with the inheritance he received, he took Nizhny Novgorod from his uncle Boris Konstantinovich, but already in 1390 he was forced to return the city, because by that time his faithful ally, Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy, had died.

Vasily Dmitrievich (son of Dmitry Donskoy) ascended to the grand-ducal throne, and managed to forever annex Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod, and Suzdal to the Moscow principality. However, the Nizhny Novgorod prince Boris Konstantinovich went to the Horde in 1391, where he was favorably greeted by Khan Tokhtamysh. Returning to his homeland with the khan's letter, he sent his boyars to Nizhny Novgorod, but the Novgorodians themselves betrayed their prince, and his followers were sent to prison in different cities. The following year, the Great Moscow Prince Vasily I Dmitrievich, through the betrayal of the Nizhny Novgorod nobleman Rumyants and for a huge sum of gold and silver, bought a label from the Horde, took possession of Nizhny Novgorod and Suzdal and annexed them to the Moscow Principality. “The Grand Duke ordered Prince Boris Konstantinovich, - it is said in the Nikon Chronicle, - and his wife and children and his well-wishers to be separated from the cities and tied with iron chains.”

At the turn of the 14th–15th centuries, Suzdal to some extent still retained its independence. After Prince Boris Konstantinovich, his son Daniil reigned there, who at one time was a prince in Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir. He fought against the Moscow princes for a long time, and at that time the sons of Vasily Kirdyapa reigned in Suzdal, who reconciled with the Grand Duke of Moscow and, with his permission, owned their estate. However, two of them - John and Daniel - retreated from the Moscow prince and at one time acted against him.

After the fall of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality, Suzdal finally loses its independence and the political significance that it had in an independent appanage reign as the capital of its princes. A governor was sent to the city, and, according to the chronicle, the Moscow princes “finally took their will over the Suzdal princes.” The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily Dmitrievich was in Nizhny Novgorod, established government in the Nizhny Novgorod, Suzdal and Gorodets regions and appointed Dmitry Alexandrovich Vsevolozha as their governor.

In addition, the city was located away from important trade routes, but it remained a major religious center, and thousands of pilgrims and pilgrims flocked to the shrines of Suzdal, to the discovered relics of the locally revered saints of God. Before the final subordination to the Moscow state, Suzdal was still crowded and richest city, and its inhabitants, according to the chronicles, were famous for their “leisure in arts and crafts.” N.M. Karamzin in the “History of the Russian State” says the following about this: “So the Principality of Suzdal, by whose name the Power founded by Andrei Bogolyubsky, or all the regions of northeastern Russia, between the borders of Novgorod, Smolensk, Chernigov and Ryazan, collapsed ".

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SUZDAL PRINCE

Let's now try to determine who the father of Nikon of Radonezh, the first ancestor of the Kalinins, was. First of all, we know his name - Boris (c.1335). He lived in Yuryev-Polsky, Suzdal principality, not far from Radonezh, belonged to noble people, and was a landowner. Among the local nobility and the Boris of that time, only one person was mentioned who met all these requirements. It was:
22. Boris Konstantinovich (c.1335-6.05.1394), son of the Prince of Suzdal, appanage Prince of Gorodetsky in 1355-1363, 1364-1383, 1388-1391, Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod in 1363-1364, 1383-1388, 1391-1392 . Just a year before Nikon's birth in 1354, Boris Konstantinovich married Maria, daughter of Olgerd, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Among their children, Daniil and Ivan Tight Luk are known. Perhaps Mikula was there too. One should not be surprised that Boris Konstantinovich could be the father of a high-ranking clergyman, since not only in Russia, but also in other European countries, many representatives of the ruling dynasties became supreme church dignitaries. In addition, the fate of Nikon-Mikula Borisovich was not the only one in Rus'. In particular, on February 17, 1106, Prince Nikola Svyatosha, son of David Svyatoslavich, Prince of Chernigov, took monastic vows in the Pechersky Monastery. Mikula Borisovich’s decision to become a clergyman could also have been influenced by the fact that his father was subjected to repression in 1391, and Mikula had no choice but to flee to the monastery of Sergius of Radonezh. At the same time, Sergius, Nikon’s predecessor in the Trinity Monastery, was himself the son of the boyar Kirill, who was in the service of the Rostov prince Konstantin Borisovich, and then Konstantin Vasilyevich. It was this last prince who was the father of Boris Konstantinovich. It turns out that Nikon-Mikula Borisovich did not end up with Sergius of Radonezh by chance, but as a result of the close acquaintance and friendship of their fathers. Boris Konstantinovich lived in the Principality of Suzdal, which included Yuryev-Polsky, where Mikula Borisovich was born. These facts are indirect confirmation of the relationship between Nikon-Mikula Borisovich and Boris Konstantinovich. In addition, Nikon's children may have been Konstantin and Kalina. The name Konstantin in this case is associated with the name of Boris Konstantinovich’s father. This may be another indirect evidence of the relationship between Nikon and Boris Konstantinovich. As for Prince Boris Konstantinovich himself, in 1365 Sergius of Radonezh came to him and invited him to Moscow for reconciliation with his brother Dmitry Konstantinovich, but the prince refused. Then Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duke of Moscow, intervened and helped Dmitry Konstantinovich with an army. After which Boris Konstantinovich had to make peace with his older brother and leave Nizhny Novgorod for Gorodets. In 1368 he fought with Bulat-Temir, the prince of the Horde, who came to the Nizhny Novgorod district, and together with his brother defeated him. In 1370 he marched with his army against the Bulgarian prince Asan and forced him to cede power to Saltan, the son of Bak. In 1372 he established the city of Kurmysh on the Sura River. In 1375 he went with Dmitry Donskoy on a campaign to Volok, and then to Tver against Prince Mikhail of Tverskoy. In 1377 he repelled a Mordovian raid on the Nizhny Novgorod district and drove them to the Piana River. In 1384 he went to the Horde to Khan Takhtamysh with honor and gifts and was there for a long time. Then his son Ivan joined him. After which Takhtamysh gave Boris Konstantinovich reign in Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod. In 1386 he went to Takhtamysh again. In 1387 he sent his son Ivan to Takhtamysh. At the same time, his nephews Vasily and Semyon Dmitrievich attacked him, but he made peace with them: “My dear sons, now I cry because of you, then you too will cry because of your enemies.” In 1389 he went to Takhtamysh in Sarai and returned only in 1391 with the grant of Nizhny Novgorod. In 1391, Takhtamysh gave the reign of Nizhny Novgorod to Vasily Dmitrievich, so Boris Konstantinovich “convened his boyars, and began to pray to them with tears and tears, saying to her: “My kindness, boyars and friends, remember the kiss of the cross, as they naturally kissed me, and love ours and assimilation to you. Then his oldest boyar, Vasily Rumyants, spoke to his master, Prince Boris Konstantinovich: “Do not grieve, do not be sad, sir, Prince. We are all like-minded towards you and are ready to lay down our heads and shed blood for you.” This he said, flattering his master, and exiled with the Grand Duke Vasily, wanting to hand over his master to him. The Tatars Takhtamyshev and the Moscow governors approaching the city, Prince Boris Konstantinovich did not want to let them into the city to himself. And his oldest boyar, Vasily Rumyanets, spoke to him: “Mr. Prince, behold the Khan’s ambassador Takhtamyshev, and behold the Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich of Moscow. They want to strengthen the boyars’ peace and establish eternal love, but you yourself are raising up the war and the army. Let them into the city, and We are all with you. And what can these things do? And so the Tatar came into the city and the boyars of Moscow, and began to ring the bells at the assembly, and people flocked. Then Prince Boris Konstantinovich sent a message to his boyars, saying: “My dear friends and brothers, remember the kiss of the cross, as they naturally kissed me, and do not betray me as my enemy.” And there was only one answer from them, Vasily Rumyants: “Mr. Prince, we cannot resist the command of the khan. Don’t rely on us, because we are no longer yours.” And so Prince Boris Konstantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod was quickly captured. And for a short time the prince great Vasily Dmitrievich came to Nizhny Novgorod and installed his governors in it, and ordered Prince Boris Konstantinovich and his wife, and children, and as many of his well-wishers as he still had, to separate everyone from the city, and tie them with iron chains, and keep them in a great fortress.” After which Boris Konstantinovich soon “retired in marriage and was laid to rest in his fatherland in Suzdal Maya on the 6th day.”
23. Konstantin Vasilyevich (d. 1355), appanage prince of Suzdal from 1331, Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod from 1340. In 1329, together with Ivan Kalita, the Grand Duke, he went on a campaign against Novgorod against Alexander Mikhailovich. In 1339 he went on a campaign with him to Smolensk. In 1340 he went with Simeon the Proud on a campaign to Torzhok. In 1342 he went with him to the Horde to see Chanibek. In 1350 he founded a stone church in Novgorod. In 1353, together with Ivan the Second, he went to the Horde to see Zhanibek. In 1354 he married his son Boris to the daughter of Olgerd, Grand Duke of Lithuania. He died in 1355 and was buried in the Church of St. Savior in Nizhny Novgorod. First wife Anna, daughter of Vasily, Prince of Byzantium. Second wife - Elena. Their children: Andrey, Dmitry, Boris, Dmitry Nogot and two daughters.
24. Vasily Andreevich (c.1250-1309), appanage prince of Suzdal. His wife Elena. Their children: Alexander and Konstantin.
25. Andrei Yaroslavich (c.1225-1264), appanage prince of Suzdal until 1248, in 1257-1252, Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1249-1252. His wife from 1250 was Ustinya, daughter of Daniil Romanovich, King of Galicia. Their children: Yuri, Vasily, Mikhail. In 1242, together with his brother Alexander, he took part in the war against the Germans, expelled them from Pskov, and defeated them in the Battle of the Ice. In 1247, together with his brothers, he met his father’s body, which was being transported from the Horde. In 1248 he went “to Lithuania and beat them from Otsov.” At the same time he went to the Horde with his brothers and in 1249 received from the khan the reign of White Rus' (Vladimir-Suzdal). And then he took the throne in Vladimir. In 1252, Alexander Nevsky complained to the Horde about his brother, so Khan Sartak ordered Andrei to be brought to him. Nevruy Saltan, Prince Katiak and Prince Alybuga sent their army against him. To which Prince Andrei said: “Lord, what is it, how long can we quarrel among ourselves and turn Tatars on each other? It would be better for me to flee to a foreign land than to be friends and serve as Tatars.” After which he gathered his army and began to fight the Tatars. However, he was defeated and fled with his wife and boyars to Novgorod, and from there to Pskov, from Pskov to Kolyvan, then to Riga. “And there you met him, and received him with great honor. He was also his ambassador to Kolyvan as his princess. And the Tatars pursued him and besieged him near the city of Pereslavl, also on Lake Kleshnin. But God save him and the Most Pure Mother of God, the Tatars for having overthrown him and dissipated this and ovamo, he escaped in the midst of them.” In 1255 he returned from the Germans and was received with love by Alexander Nevsky. After which, in 1256, Andrei went to reign in Gorodets and Nizhny Novgorod. In 1257, together with his brother, he went to the Horde with gifts. In 1258-1259 he traveled to the Novgorod land together with the Tatar enlisted men.
Next will follow the princes already familiar to us, whom we met when we studied the genealogy of the Zasekin princes.
26. Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (1191-1246)
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35. Rurik (c.825-879)
An analysis of all the pedigrees of Prince Boris Konstantinovich, including maternal lines, shows that the legendary Rurik was his direct ancestor at least fourteen times. If we add here his pedigree from Rogneda, who was probably also from the Rurik tribe, then this figure will increase to twenty-eight times.