Oral journal "heroic pages of history", dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day. Scenario for the class lesson “life is full of military feats”
Class hour
"Life feats of arms full."
The classroom script can be used when organizing outside cool events as part of the celebration of "Day of Great Victory" and "Defender of the Fatherland Day", as well as within the framework of moral and patriotic education.
Target : formation and development of students’ value attitude towards joint educational and cognitive activities when familiarizing themselves with new concepts “defender of the Fatherland”, “feat of arms”, “hero”.
Achieving this goal is planned by solving the followingtasks:
Personal:
Formation of a respectful attitude towards the history of the Fatherland, spiritual values;
Instilling love and respect for family, Motherland, and the memory of ancestors;
Fostering respect for the warriors-defenders of the Fatherland through the images of historical heroes: Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, K. Minin and D. Pozharsky
Metasubject:
Development of communication and cooperation skills while working in a group;
Forming a willingness to listen to the interlocutor, conduct a dialogue, recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own.
Subject:
Deepening students' knowledge of the following concepts: “defender of the Fatherland”, “feat of arms”, “hero”;
Expanding, clarifying and consolidating children’s knowledge about the defenders of the Fatherland.
Preliminary work: distribution of the class into 3 groups with the task for each group to prepare a report about 1-Alexander Nevsky, 2-Dmitry Donskoy, 3.-K. Minina and D. Pozharsky.
Forms of student work : conversation, vocabulary work, work with illustrated material, independent work in groups, participation in dialogue.
Required technical equipment - computer, projector.
Expected results of this event –
instilling respect for the exploits of defenders, respect for the older generation, love for the Motherland; a sense of pride in the heroic past of one’s ancestors.
Relevance of the event:
The Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Personality Education of a Russian Citizen defines the basic national values:patriotism, citizenship -love for Russia, for one’s people, for one’s small Motherland, service to the Fatherland.
Therefore, the younger generation must remember and know the history of their country, their family. Education of the individual as a citizen becomes significant for the modern school.
Regulatory UUD
ability to work with a book using an algorithm of educational actions;
Cognitive UUD
predicting the content of a book before reading, using information from the book’s apparatus;
selection of books on the topic;
answering questions, completing assignments, analyzing proverbs and sayings, completing test tasks;
Communicative UUD
participation in conversation, expression of one’s opinion and the ability to argue one’s point of view;
assessing the behavior of heroes from a moral point of view;
ability to work in pairs and groups;
ability to determine one's role in general work and evaluate your results;
friendly communication, mutual assistance of students during the preparation of class events, student presentations with messages.
Books for registration:
G Storm “On the Kulikovo Field”,
N. Kochergin, P. Fedorov “Russian horsemen”,
M. Yu. Lermontov “Borodino”,
V. P. Kataev “Flag” (abbreviated story).
E. Kholmogorova “The Generous Russian Warrior” (Raevsky)
V. Ryzhov “Hero of Chesma, Lieutenant Ilyin”
M. Lobodin “Courage” (Suvorov)
History of Russia in pictures, stories, travel.
Progress of the class hour:
I. The teacher greets the students.
II . Summing up the topic of the class hour
Sound of bells, slide showTemple, bells
Teacher:
Among the oak groves
Shines with crosses
Golden-domed temple
With bells...
He pulls towards himself irresistibly,
He calls and beckons to his native land...
And my heart is happy
Trembling and melting
While the ringing is blissful
Doesn't freeze.
Teacher:
Guys, have you heard the bell ringing before?
Student answers.
Teacher:
It is impossible to imagine Russia without churches and the ringing of bells. These, like symbols of Russia, are its integral part. The bells also rang on great holidays - bells(expand the concept), and a difficult moment of testing - alarm bells(expand the concept),who warned people of impending danger. The ringing of bells greeted their warrior heroes who defended their native lands from enemy attacks.
And our land has long been rich in heroes.
Visual range:
Dmitry Donskoy, Alexander Nevsky, Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky
Who is depicted in the paintings?
Children's answers
What unites all these people?
Children's answers - Defenders of the Russian Land.
What are you famous for?
Children's answers - They performed feats
Teacher:
What do you think we'll talk about today?
Children's answers
Teacher:
The theme of the class hour is “Life is full of feats of arms,” each of you today will learn something new for yourself, about the glorious defenders of our Fatherland and, using the example of the life of Prince Alexander Nevsky and Prince Dmitry Donskoy, we will clarify our knowledge about feats of arms.
III . Vocabulary work:
Who are the defenders of the Fatherland?
Children's answers
Define the word MILITARY FEAT
Children's answers
The teacher summarizes:
Feat - a heroic act performed in difficult conditions.
Ratny - military, combat. (Dictionary Ozhegova S.I.)
At different historical periods, our Motherland was attacked by enemies. In these difficult times, Russia gave birth to many heroes, the memory of whom we have preserved for centuries.
Who is a hero?
Children's answers.
What qualities should a hero have?
Children's answers
The teacher summarizes the children's answers. Slide
Russian people have always been distinguished by courage, bravery, and combat ability to repel invaders.
IV . Speeches by children about each of the warriors. This could be an oral history or a presentation.
Let's talk about this in more detail. We will work in three groups.
1 group. Alexander Nevsky-1240
July 15, 1240 Shortly before this day, Swedish ships landed on the swampy shore here. An enemy army landed from them. The enemies decided to take advantage of the fact that the Russian people were exhausted under the Horde yoke and attack Rus' from the north. The invaders were confident that victory would be easy for them. But this invasion did not take Novgorod and the Novgorod state by surprise. The Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich had very good reconnaissance, and she reported on the enemy ships in time. This helped the prince to prepare well.
Having received news of the arrival Swedish army at the mouth of the Neva, Alexander urgently decided to stop the enemy’s movement as early as possible, before the invaders managed to reach Novgorod. In addition to his cavalry squad, Alexander's army included ordinary Novgorodians - foot soldiers, as well as a hastily assembled militia of Ladoga residents. Since the Swedish forces significantly outnumbered the Russians, the surprise factor of the attack was very important, which could ensure success. The young commander used it to the fullest. Russian attack The Swedish army was taken by surprise, and this predetermined the success of the battle in favor of Alexander. The onslaught was so fierce that the Swedes became confused and began to retreat. The Russians pressed them back step by step, striking them with their fast swords. Prince Alexander Yaroslavich himself, on a dashing horse, fearlessly led his brave warriors forward. His cavalry squad, as an important striking force, acted simultaneously with the foot squad led by the Novgorodian Misha. It is known about him that he and his squad attacked Swedish ships, and then, skillfully maneuvering, sank three enemy ships. As a result of the battle, the Swedish army, having suffered heavy losses, suffered a crushing defeat. For the glorious victory on the Neva, the Russian people gave Prince Alexander the nickname Nevsky.
Two years later, a new enemy invaded Russian soil - German knights. Wherever they appeared, they left behind smoking ruins and ruins, corpses of people. “Let’s go against Alexander and, having defeated him, take him prisoner!” the knights boastfully declared. Prince Alexander and his army went out to meet the enemy and began to wait for him on the ice of Lake Peipsi. Knowing that the knights were strong and experienced, Alexander wisely placed his troops: the weaker squad was in the center, and the stronger squad was on the flanks. In addition, he hid a strong regiment under the command of Gavrila Oleksich in ambush. The Novgorod warriors had no doubt about their victory over the German “pig” - that was the name of the battle formation of the Livonian knights. On April 5, 1242, at sunrise, a famous battle took place, known in history as the Battle of the Ice. The battle was great. The roar of battle was heard many miles around. The ice was covered with blood. The leading Russian regiment fought bravely with the enemy, but still could not resist the knights clad in iron armor. They wedged themselves deeply into the location of Alexander Nevsky's troops. The Grand Duke was just waiting for this moment. Military trumpets thundered over the field, and immediately fresh Russian squads rushed towards the enemy from both sides. They crushed the “pig” and drove it across the ice. Heavily armed knights moved to help the Germans. But they could not save the situation. The ambush regiment of Gavrilo Oleksich suddenly fell on them from the rear. The knights mixed up and huddled together. The spring ice beneath them could not stand it and began to break. Many invaders died here. Thus, Russian troops led by Alexander Nevsky defeated the formidable forces of European chivalry.
Quiz “Test yourself” Appendix 7
(as an option - Watch an excerpt from the film: “Military Feats of Alexander Nevsky” Appendix 3.)
2nd group. Dmitry Donskoy - (1350-1389)
Dmitry Donskoy ascends the throne in 1359 after the death of his father Ivan Ivanovich the Red. Dmitry was only 9 years old.From the age of 10 he takes part in all campaigns, battles, and meetings of the boyars. Over time, this allowed him to become a good ruler and military leader.
From the age of 9, Prince Dmitry was forced to fight for his reign in Vladimir with other princes. After enmity with the Lithuanian prince Olgerd, peace was concluded with Lithuania. Gradually, Donskoy established relations with Novgorod and Tver. The power of Prince Donskoy grew more and more over time.
In 1363, 13-year-old Dmitry received the label of Grand Duke of Vladimir. 1367 - the grandiose construction of the stone Kremlin begins. Moscow is increasingly called white-stone.
As the wealth and power of the Moscow principality grew, the princes became increasingly burdened by their dependence on the Golden Horde. Under Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, an attempt was made to overthrow the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
The Horde began a conflict with Dmitry, defeating Nizhny Novgorod. But after the attack on Moscow in 1378, Mamai’s army was defeated on the Vozha River.
This was the first victory of Russian weapons over the Horde. Frightened by the strengthening of the Moscow ruler, Mamai decided to break the growing power of Rus'. Therefore, having strengthened his army, he set off in 1380 towards Moscow.
Dmitry gathered an army for the battle with the army of Mamai. Never before have Moscow streets seen so many warriors. The squads arrived from Kostroma, Pereslavl, Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod, Serpukhov and Uglich. Everyone needed victory: the warrior, the blacksmith, and the plowman.
Shortly before the performance, Dmitry went for a blessing to the rector of the Trinity Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh. On his advice, two monks joined Dmitry’s army: Alexander Peresvet and Rodion Oslyabya.
Not wanting to let the Horde near the walls of Moscow, Dmitry moved his troops towards the enemy, to the Don River. The crossing continued all day, and when it ended, the prince ordered the bridges to be destroyed. This bold step testifies to the determination of the Russian army to fight to the end - no one thought about retreat!
There was a brutal slaughter on the Kulikovo field. The chronicler describes: “Both armies came together, fought hard not only with weapons, but also killed each other hand-to-hand, dying under horse hooves, suffocating from the great crowding, for it was impossible for them to fit on the Kulikovo field, since the place is cramped between the Don and Nepryadva.”
Dmitry, wearing the armor of an ordinary warrior, fought along with everyone in the front ranks. For the victory, Prince Dmitry received the nickname Donskoy, and his fame was preserved in people's memory.
Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy died on May 19, 1389 at the age of 39. He was buried in Moscow in the Archangel Cathedral.
Quiz “Test yourself” Appendix 8
(as an option - Watch an excerpt from the film: “The Battle of the Kulikovo Field”. Appendix 4)
Teacher:
The Battle of Kulikovo is one of the most grandiose and bloody battles between Russian soldiers and the Tatar-Mongol army.
Here, on the Kulikovo field, the power of Russian weapons defeated the countless hordes of Khan Mamai.
Many thousands of Russian soldiers, at the cost of their own lives, liberated their native land from the foreign yoke...
But again our country was attacked by new conquerors who wanted not only rich Russian lands, but also to force the Russian people to forget the Orthodox faith. Group No. 3 will talk about this
3rd group. K. Minini and D. Pozharsky-
StartXVIIcentury in Rus' was called " troubled times" On the throne sat the weak-willed Tsar Fedor, the son of Ivan the Terrible. Boris Godunov, whose sister the tsar was married to, helped him manage. The boyars constantly fought for power and influence at court, using the help of foreigners: Poles and Swedes. After the death of Boris Godunov, who became king after Fedor, riots and unrest began in Rus'. The boyars proclaimed the Polish prince Vladislav the Russian Tsar and allowed the Polish army into Moscow. The Poles openly ruled Moscow, disrespected Russian customs, offended civilians, and seized their property.
Then the people's militia rose to defend the Fatherland. IN Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minin’s call was made to help his homeland, not to spare the treasury and his life if he needed to sell yards and houses. It was he who began collecting money for the new militia and himself gave away all his savings and part of his property.
Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who was known for his personal courage, was invited to become the supreme governor. And he agreed without much hesitation.
The assembled troops hastily moved towards Moscow, which was occupied by a Polish garrison. A battle broke out near the walls of the capital. There were hot battles for several days. Reinforcements did not help the besieged Poles. Pozharsky's troops took Kitay-Gorod by storm, and then the Kremlin garrison surrendered. The approaching reinforcements were stopped and defeated near Volokolamsk.
Quiz Appendix 8
(as an Option - Watching a film excerpt: “Liberation of Moscow 1612”. Appendix 5)
Teacher
On the monument there is an inscription: “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky - grateful Russia, summer of 1818.”
Assignment: Explain the meaning of the words on the monument to Minin and Pozharsky.
Human life is not counted in days and years, but in good deeds and useful labors, says folk wisdom. And also feats.
Not only the lives of holy warriors, but also other sources of Russian culture tell about the exploits of the defenders of the Fatherland. Name them.
(Chronicles, epics, poetry, literature, icons, architectural structures, musical works - So the famous Russian composer S.S. Prokofiev wrote a piece of music - the cantata "Alexander Nevsky").
We must remember the military exploits of our ancestors, paying tribute to their dedication and heroism.
V
. Problematic question:
Is there room for heroism in modern life?
Student Discussion and Opinion
Teacher
The story about .... Evgeniy Rodionov Appendix 9
Elizaveta Chaikina
Nikolay Goryachev
Ina Konstantinova - partisan scout
1812
Yevgeny Rodionov was 19 years old when Chechen militants executed himcut off his head. During his lifetime, he was an ordinary boy from an unremarkable provincial town, strumming a guitar, writing poetry and dreaming of becoming a cook. But, having died, Evgeny Rodionov ceased to be ordinary.
For his admirers, Evgeny or Zhenya, as they affectionately call him, is a modern crusader who made a great sacrifice in the name of his country, coming face to face with Russia's main enemy at the moment - radical Islam, which is personified by Chechen militants.
Evgeniy was killed on May 23, 1996 during the first Chechen war. This happened on his 19th birthday. He, along with three other Russian border guards, was captured and held in a cell for 100 days, beaten and starved. He did not participate in hostilities. He and his comrades were captured at a remote Russian-Chechen border post by the most feared Chechen combat commander.
Since 1994, when Russia first sent tanks into Chechnya to crush the separatist movement, thousands of Russians have died there. But Eugene’s death is different from them.
His mother, Lyubov Vasilievna Rodionova, says that Evgeny was promised to save his life if he converted to Islam and took up arms against Russian federal forces. As she says, he only had to symbolically take off the silver cross that he had worn around his neck since he was 11 years old and accept the faith of his tormentors. Eugene refused and chose death.
Teacher
VI . organizes consolidation of knowledge,
offering to take part in the game: complete the proverbs of the peoples of Russia (knowledge of a just war, its goals, and the criteria of heroism is tested):
1) We don’t want war, but we are ready for war (ready)
2) It’s not hard to start a war, but it’s hard to end it (to end)
3) The sage is drawn to goodness and peace, the (fool) is drawn to war and strife.
4) Clouds cannot cover the sun, war cannot (win) the world
5) The enemy of my people is mine (enemy)
6) There is no (death) for the hero
7) He fell by the death of a hero, but did not (sell) his homeland
8) Hero - for the Motherland (mountain)
9) Whoever takes up the sword will die by the sword (and die)
10) If you fail to protect your hearth, the (enemy) will take over
11) He is our enemy, to whom peace (is not dear)
12) I’m going to war to defend (the country)
13) Our victory is not for the sake of war, but for the sake of (peace)
14) He who fights hard for the truth is a real (hero)
15) You will win not by force, but (by truth)
16) To love a friend - not to (spare) yourself
Students take part in the game.
VII . Reflection
Continue the sentence.
Today I found out...
It was interesting…
It was difficult…
I realized that...
Gave me a lesson for life...
I wanted…
We all, adults and children, are indebted to those who gave their lives for the Motherland to live. How to pay this debt? There is only one answer to such a question - love for the Motherland, readiness to defend it from any enemy, as our ancestors did. And you must now prepare yourself to defend the Fatherland, to be worthy of its sons and daughters
Many songs have been written about our beautiful Motherland. We will now perform (listen) to one of them.
Performance of the song “Serve Russia.” Appendix 10
VIII . Homework.
In 2015, our entire country celebrates the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory over Nazi Germany. I propose a task:
Prepare a story about the soldiers of your family, about their courage, heroism, bravery. At the next class hour we will continue the conversation about feats of arms using the example of family stories
Lesson #4
Subject : “Life is full of military feats”
Program content. Heroic pages from the history of our country.
The rise of patriotic feelings of Russians in the era liberation wars. Examples of heroism of soldiers. Participation of the church and clergy in organizing the defense of the Fatherland.
Basic methods and techniques.
1. Finding an answer to the question “Is it true that in the struggle for the Motherland Dmitry Donskoy was strengthened by faith in God”? Additions and generalizations by the teacher about the feat of the Russian army in the Battle of Kulikovo.
2. Work with the heading “Picture Gallery”: description of the hero of the picture, verbal portrait of Dmitry Donskoy.
Icon "Sergius of Radonezh and Dmitry Donskoy" Sergey Simakov (XX century).
Target: determine what are the main sources of spiritual and moral culture.
Lesson type: gaining new knowledge
Planned results:
Subject results:
1) expanding knowledge about the heroic pages of Russian history;
2) the ability to work with information presented by different means;
3) expanding the cultural experience of schoolchildren.
1) the ability to evaluate one’s actions;
2) fostering a sense of tolerance towards people of other nations and faiths;
3) formation of aesthetic needs, values, feelings.
Meta-subject results:
1) mastery of semantic reading skills;
2) mastery of logical methods of cognition;
3) ability to work in pairs and groups;
4) the ability to solve creative problems.
Training technologies: activity approach technology, problem-dialogical learning technology, health-saving technology, project technology, technology for assessing educational achievements.
Organization of space: frontal, individual, group.
Educational and methodological support and resources:
textbook N.F. Vinogradova, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov “Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia” 5th grade;
presentation;
electronic supplement to the textbook "ODNKNR".
Routing lesson
Motivates students to start the lessonI see everyone is ready for serious work. Take your jobs
Greet the teachers and sit down.
2. Checking homework
Organizes work on checking homework
Messages about heroes - defenders of the Fatherland
3. Update background knowledge
Encourages students to independently formulate the topic of the lesson and the purpose of the lesson.
Conversation with students.
In the process of becoming acquainted with the history and culture of his country, a person grows spiritually. Without knowledge about the life of ancestors, about their exploits in the name of the Fatherland, it is impossible to cultivate in oneself a feeling of love for the homeland and pride in one’s compatriots.
You already know that our homeland was attacked by enemies at different historical periods. In these difficult times, all peoples united in the face of common misfortune and stood up to defend their homeland. Russia gave birth to many heroes, the memory of whom we have preserved for centuries. And in our time there are courageous people, true patriots who are ready to give their lives defending their land, their people.
Write down the topic of the lesson
“Life is full of military feats.” What is the purpose of the lesson? Get acquainted with military feats.
Compare and clarify your wording.
Slide No. 1
4.Learning new material.
1. Let's discuss it together
All children should know this:
Once upon a time in this world there lived a boy. He prayed to God
He asked for help with his studies.
One day the youth met the Elder,
And he said: “You are bright in spirit.
You will be able to study well and distinguish yourself before God."
He became a hermit, a monk;
In the forest I fought with fear at night,
Driving away demons with prayer,
Filling nature with light.
Over the years, he took root in the forest,
I even became friends with the bear.
He was pure in heart and prayed a lot.
And with this he pleased God.
When they learned about Sergius,
People began to reach out to him.
First the monk disciples
They flocked to him like birds.
And so the work began to boil.
Everyone tried so hard to get the job done:
Build an abode of God and set up life in God’s way.
This is how the ascetic of Orthodoxy lived,
Showing your mercy,
The Most Pure One appeared to him
And she promised that the Abode
Our Lord Almighty will save.
God's Word is revealed to people.
The path of the earthly Saint is over,
And the Reverend in eternal life
He prays for our Fatherland.
The body of the saint is incorruptible - His holy work lives.
He showed us all the way
Which leads to God.
Slide No. 2, 3,4,5
About whom we're talking about? (About Sergius of Radonezh)
What do you know about him?
Guys, today in class we will talk about an amazing and great man who glorified our land, about the famous Russian saint - Sergius of Radonezh. Information about his life has come to us thanks toEpiphanius the Wise , who in his work "The Life of St. Sergius of Radonezh" wrote the following words about him: “He shone like a bright light in the Russian country in the midst of darkness and gloom.” Why do you think the author calls St. Sergius a “bright luminary”?
Birth
One of the most revered saints in Rus' is Sergius of Radonezh, who became famous exclusively for his peaceful exploits. He came from an impoverished boyar family that had possessions near Rostov from his parents Kirill and Maria. Before being tonsured as a monk, the monk bore the name Bartholomew - in honor of one of the 12 apostles. The date of his birth is known - May 3, 1314.
Childhood
At the age of seven, Bartholomew and his brothers were sent to learn to read and write, but unlike his brothers, he did not make any progress. One day in a field, the boy saw an old man praying under a lonely oak tree. Bartholomew asked the elder to pray for him so that he would learn to read. The elder blessed the boy, and he pleased his parents by freely reading the psalter (a collection of church chants used to teach literacy in Ancient Rus') before dinner.
Youth
Around 1328 the boy's parents moved to Small town Radonezh, not far from Moscow. Bartholomew's brothers got married, and he, having buried his parents, decided to go to a monastery. By this time, his elder brother Stefan was widowed, and they settled together in a deep forest twelve miles from Radonezh. However, it became difficult for Stefan to live in such a deserted place, and he moved to one of the Moscow monasteries. And Bartholomew took monastic vows under the nameSergius.
Formation of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery
Gradually, other monks began to come to Sergius, wanting to serve God with their labors. The monk gladly received them. This is how the Sergius Monastery was conceived - the current Trinity-Sergius Lavra (in Greek laura - large, large monastery). “By the example of his life, by the height of his spirit, St. Sergius raised the fallen spirit of his native people, awakened in them confidence in himself, in his strengths, and inspired faith in the future.” From his generation came the founders of 150 new monasteries. They lived in small huts-cells, carried water themselves, chopped wood, cultivated the garden and prepared food. St. Sergius did most of the hard work, setting an example for the brethren.
Children express their opinions
Write it down in a notebook
Write it down in a notebook
Slide No. 7,8
Slide No. 9
6. Physical exercise
Organizes physical training
Children make movements to music
Slide No. 5
Continue learning new things
2. Using the text about Dmitry Donskoy, create a verbal portrait of him
The name “Kulikovo Field” finally came into use as the site of the battle on September 8, 1380 only in the second half of the 15th century, and before that it also had the name “Mamai-lug” or “Momay-meadow”. The morning of September 8 was foggy. The Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich galloped all the regiments, giving the last orders and addressing the warriors before the battle: “My fathers and brothers, for the sake of the Lord, fight for the sake of the saints, for the sake of the churches and for the sake of the Christian faith, for this death is not death for us now, but eternal life. Don’t think about anything, brothers, because we won’t retreat, and then Christ the God and Savior of our souls will crown us with victorious crowns.” Dmitry Ivanovich himself wanted to fight on the front line, leading the soldiers by personal example, and not stand behind the army, as was customary: “... I want to be the first in both word and deed and in front of everyone to lay down my chapter for my brethren and for all Christians. Let others, seeing this, be desperate in their audacity.” The Grand Duke received the last blessing from Sergius of Radonezh and a prosphora, which Dmitry Ivanovich shared with his comrades. The battle began at about 11 o’clock in the morning with a duel between the heroes Alexander Peresvet, a monk of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, and a Bryansk (according to another version, Lyubech) boyar before he was tonsured. His opponent turned out to be the Tatar hero Temir-Murza (Chelubey). When they fell, piercing each other with spears at the same time, thousands of troops converged. Russian regiments withstood the first attacks. The Russian knights fought bravely, many thousands laid down their lives, but in the third hour of the day the superior forces of the enemy seemed to have already begun to overcome ours. Mikhail Brenok was killed, the princely banner was cut down. The Golden Horde cavalry began to go to the rear of the Moscow army, which threatened the encirclement and destruction of the Russian regiments. Mamai was already rejoicing, seeing this from his hill, but prematurely. Here the Reserve Regiment under the command of the Lithuanian Prince Dmitry Olgerdovich entered the battle, and then the cavalry Ambush Regiment, hiding in the forest, under the command of Prince Vladimir Andreevich and the skilled governor, boyar Dmitry Mikhailovich Bobrok-Volynsky, unexpectedly struck the breakthrough Horde in the back. The general offensive of the Russian army began. Mamai's best cavalry was crushed and fled, trampling its own infantry. Encouraged, the Russians began to advance so quickly that Mamai barely had time to pack up the tent and run away. Mamaev's army was completely defeated. The Russian cavalry, led by Vladimir Andreevich, nicknamed the Brave for his military valor, drove Mamai about 40 km to the Beautiful Sword River. Scary picture carnage appeared before him. It seemed that the entire earth, covered with mountains of corpses, was soaked in blood and groaning. No one knew where the Grand Duke of Moscow was or whether he was alive. After persistent searches, two simple warriors found the wounded prince at the edge of the forest, carefully covered by someone with a cut birch tree. Fortunately, Dmitry Ivanovich’s wounds turned out to be non-life-threatening (later he received the nickname “Donskoy”). The victory on the Kulikovo field was “joy with tears in our eyes.” Presumably half of the Russian army was killed. The Horde's losses were even greater. Over the next seven to eight days they dug mass graves, buried the dead. Funeral prayer services were held everywhere. There is a legend that the body of governor Mikhail Brenok was buried on Ugresh, in the chapel at the site of the miraculous appearance of the icon of St. Nicholas to Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. Soon a stone church was erected here, which has not survived to this day. Yes, the first monument to the heroes of the Kulikovo battle was the church on the Kulikovo field, assembled shortly after the battle from the oak trees of the Green oak grove, where the regiment of Prince Vladimir Andreevich was hidden in ambush. On the Red Hill of the Kulikovo field in 1848, a 28-meter cast-iron column was built - a monument in honor of the victory of Dmitry Donskoy over the Golden Horde (architect A.P. Bryullov, brother of the painter). In 1913–1918, a temple was built on the Kulikovo Field in the name of St. Sergei Radonezhsky. Every year the Russian Orthodox Church commemorates those who died on St. Demetrius Parents' Saturday in early November. The army that won the victory on the Kulikovo field included not only ethnic Russians, but also Lithuanians who converted to Orthodoxy, as well as baptized people from the Horde who went into the service of the Russian princes. However, in their consciousness these people were precisely Russian. Victory in the Battle of Kulikovo is a triumph of Russian weapons and the Russian spirit. She opened the way not only to liberation from the Tatars Mongol yoke, but also to the unification of Russian lands, to the creation of the Russian state and in the future - Russia
Verbal portrait IN Grand Prince of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich (1350–1389) entered Russian history as the conqueror of Mamaia, Holy Prince Dmitry Donskoy, statesman, which marked the beginning of a united and independent Russia. In the unification of Rus', Dmitry Donskoy relied on the Orthodox Church and the help of the spiritual leaders of the Russian land. Dmitry Ivanovich founded the Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery. During his reign, monasteries were opened in Moscow, Serpukhov, Kolomna and other places in the Moscow principality. Among Dmitry Ivanovich's closest associates was the rector of the Trinity Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh, who blessed the Russian army before the legendary battle on the Kulikovo Field. In 1988, the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy by the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church canonized.
For the curious, pp. 27-28 of the textbook “About Tsarevich Kasim”
Are heroes of different nations similar?
What qualities do they have in common?
Conclusion
-
Work in pairs
7. Reflection.
Today I found out...
I'll tell my parents about.....
I remembered…
Take turns answering questions.
Slide No.
8. Homework
Outputs homework on the slide
Write down your homework in your diary.
Using reference books and the Internet, prepare a presentation about Demetrius Donskoy or Sergius of Radonezh.
Record homework in diaries.
Slide No.
* Features of organizing project activities:
1) Unite into groups and choose a leader;
2) Analyze the proposed topics and collectively select a topic for the project.
3) Distribute responsibilities in the group: search for information; selection of illustrative material; development of presentation composition; analysis and evaluation of selected material; preparation of presentation text; selection of speakers.
This material is dedicated to the heroes of our time. Real, not fictitious citizens of our country. Those people who do not film incidents on their smartphones, but are the first to rush to help the victims. Not out of vocation or professional duty, but out of a personal sense of patriotism, responsibility, conscience and understanding that this is right.
In the great past of Russia - Rus', Russian Empire And Soviet Union, there were many heroes who glorified the state throughout the world, and did not disgrace the name and honor of its citizen. And we honor their enormous contributions. Every day, brick by brick, building a new one, strong country, returning to ourselves the lost patriotism, pride and not so long ago forgotten heroes.
We should all remember that in modern history of our country, in the 21st century, many worthy feats and heroic deeds have already been accomplished! Actions that deserve your attention.
Read the stories of the exploits of “ordinary” residents of our Motherland, take an example and be proud!
Russia is coming back.
In May 2012, for saving a nine-year-old child in Tatarstan, he was awarded the Order courage twelve-year-old boy, Danil Sadykov. Unfortunately, his father, also a Hero of Russia, received the Order of Courage for him.
At the beginning of May 2012, Small child fell into a fountain, the water in which suddenly turned out to be under high voltage. There were a lot of people around, everyone shouted, calling for help, but did nothing. Only Danil made the decision. It is obvious that his father, who received the title of hero after worthy service in the Chechen Republic, raised his son correctly. Courage is in the Sadykovs’ blood. As investigators later found out, the water was energized at 380 volts. Danil Sadykov managed to pull the victim onto the side of the fountain, but by that time he himself received a severe electric shock. For his heroism and dedication in saving a person in extreme conditions, 12-year-old Danil, a resident of Naberezhnye Chelny, was awarded the Order of Courage, unfortunately posthumously.
The commander of the communications battalion, Sergei Solnechnikov, died on March 28, 2012 during an exercise near Belogorsk in the Amur Region. 
During the grenade throwing exercise, an emergency situation occurred - a grenade, after being thrown by a conscript, hit the parapet. Solnechnikov jumped up to the private, pushed him aside and covered the grenade with his body, saving not only him, but also many people around. Awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
In the winter of 2012, in the village of Komsomolsky, Pavlovsky district, Altai Territory, children were playing on the street near the store. One of them, a 9-year-old boy, fell into a sewer well with ice water, which was not visible due to large snowdrifts. If it weren’t for the help of 17-year-old teenager Alexander Grebe, who accidentally saw what happened and did not jump into the icy water after the victim, the boy could have become another victim of adult negligence. 
On a Sunday in March 2013, two-year-old Vasya was walking near his house under the supervision of his ten-year-old sister. At this time, Sergeant Major Denis Stepanov went to see his friend on business and, waiting for him behind the fence, watched the child’s pranks with a smile. Hearing the sound of snow sliding off the slate, the fireman instantly rushed to the baby and, jerking him aside, took the blow of the snowball and ice. 
Twenty-two-year-old Alexander Skvortsov from Bryansk unexpectedly became a hero of his city two years ago: he pulled seven children and their mother out of a burning house. 
In 2013, Alexander was visiting the eldest daughter of a neighboring family, 15-year-old Katya. The head of the family went to work early in the morning, everyone was asleep at home, and he locked the door. In the next room, a mother of many children was busy with the kids, the youngest of whom was only three years old, when Sasha smelled smoke.
First of all, everyone logically rushed to the door, but it turned out to be locked, and the second key lay in the parents’ bedroom, which had already been cut off by fire.
“I was confused, first of all I started counting the children,” says Natalya, mother. “I couldn’t call the fire department or anything, even though I had the phone in my hands.”
However, the guy was not at a loss: he tried to open the window, but it was tightly sealed for the winter. With a few blows from the stool, Sasha knocked out the frame, helped Katya get out and handed the rest of the children what they were wearing into her arms. I dropped my mom off last.
“When I started to climb out, the gas suddenly exploded,” says Sasha. – My hair and face were singed. But he’s alive, the children are safe, and that’s the main thing. I don’t need gratitude.”
The youngest citizen of Russia to become a holder of the Order of Courage in our country is Evgeniy Tabakov. 
Tabakov’s wife was only seven years old when the bell rang in the Tabakovs’ apartment. Only Zhenya and his twelve-year-old sister Yana were at home.
The girl opened the door without being at all wary - the caller introduced himself as a postman, and since it was extremely rare for strangers to appear in the closed city (the military town of Norilsk - 9), Yana let the man in.
The stranger grabbed her, put a knife to her throat and began to demand money. The girl struggled and cried, the robber ordered her younger brother to look for money, and at that time he began to undress Yana. But the boy could not leave his sister so easily. He went into the kitchen, took a knife and stabbed the criminal in the lower back with a running start. The rapist fell from pain and released Yana. But it was impossible to deal with the repeat offender with childish hands. The criminal got up, attacked Zhenya and stabbed him several times. Later, experts counted eight puncture wounds on the boy’s body that were incompatible with life. At this time, my sister knocked on the neighbors and asked them to call the police. Hearing the noise, the rapist tried to escape.
However, the bleeding wound of the little defender that left a mark and the loss of blood did their job. The repeat offender was immediately captured, and the sister, thanks to the heroic act of the boy, remained safe and healthy. The feat of a seven-year-old boy is the act of a person with an established life position. The act of a real Russian soldier who will do everything to protect his family and his home.
GENERALIZATION
It’s not uncommon to hear conditional liberals blinded by the West or voluntarily blindfolded, dogmatic Advisors declare that all the best is in the West and this is not in Russia, and all the heroes lived in the past, therefore our Russia is not their Motherland...
Let's leave the ignorant in their ignorance, and turn our attention to modern heroes. Little ones and adults, ordinary passers-by and professionals. Let's pay attention - and let's take an example from them, let's stop remaining indifferent to our own country and our citizens.
The hero commits an action. This is an act that not everyone, perhaps even a few, would dare to do. Sometimes such valiant people are awarded with medals, orders, and if they do without any signs, then with human memory and inescapable gratitude.
Your attention, and knowledge of your heroes, the understanding that you should be no worse - is the best tribute to the memory of such people and their valiant and most worthy deeds.
They say that there were too many tragic events in the past year, and there was almost nothing good to remember on the eve of the New Year. Constantinople decided to argue with this statement and collected a selection of our most outstanding compatriots (and not only) and their heroic deeds. Unfortunately, many of them accomplished this feat at the cost of their own lives, but the memory of them and their actions will support us for a long time and serve as an example to follow. Ten names that made a splash in 2016 and should not be forgotten.
Alexander Prokhorenko
A special forces officer, 25-year-old Lieutenant Prokhorenko, died in March near Palmyra while carrying out missions to direct Russian air strikes against ISIS militants. He was discovered by terrorists and, finding himself surrounded, did not want to surrender and drew fire on himself. He was awarded the title of Hero of Russia posthumously, and a street in Orenburg was named after him. Prokhorenko’s feat aroused admiration not only in Russia. Two French families donated awards, including the Legion of Honor.
Farewell ceremony for the hero of Russia, senior lieutenant Alexander Prokhorenko, who died in Syria, in the village of Gorodki, Tyulgansky district. Sergey Medvedev/TASS
In Orenburg, where the officer is from, he left behind a young wife, who, after the death of Alexander, had to be hospitalized in order to save the life of their child. In August, her daughter Violetta was born.
Magomed Nurbagandov
A policeman from Dagestan, Magomet Nurbagandov, and his brother Abdurashid were killed in July, but the details became known only in September, when a video of the execution of police officers was found on the phone of one of the liquidated militants of the Izberbash criminal group. On that ill-fated day, the brothers and their relatives, schoolchildren, were relaxing outdoors in tents; no one expected an attack by bandits. Abdurashid was killed immediately because he stood up for one of the boys, whom the bandits began to insult. Mohammed was tortured before his death because his employee documents were found law enforcement. The purpose of the bullying was to force Nurbagandov to renounce his colleagues on record, recognize the strength of the militants and call on Dagestanis to leave the police. In response to this, Nurbagandov addressed his colleagues with the words “Work, brothers!” The enraged militants could only kill him. President Vladimir Putin met with the brothers’ parents, thanked them for their son’s courage and awarded him the title of Hero of Russia posthumously. The last phrase of Mohammed became the main slogan of the past year and, one might assume, for the years to come. Two small children were left without a father. Nurbagandov's son now says that he will only become a policeman.
Elizaveta Glinka
Photo: Mikhail Metzel/TASS
The resuscitator and philanthropist, popularly known as Doctor Lisa, accomplished a lot this year. In May, she took children out of Donbass. 22 sick children were saved, the youngest of whom was only 5 days old. These were children with heart defects, oncology, and congenital diseases. Special treatment and support programs have been created for children from Donbass and Syria. In Syria, Elizaveta Glinka also helped sick children and organized the delivery of medicines and humanitarian aid to hospitals. During the delivery of another humanitarian cargo, Doctor Lisa died in a TU-154 plane crash over the Black Sea. Despite the tragedy, all programs will continue. Today there will be a New Year's party for the guys from Lugansk and Donetsk...
Oleg Fedura
Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Primorsky Territory, Colonel internal service Oleg Fedura. Press service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Primorsky Territory/TASS
Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Primorsky Territory, who distinguished himself during natural Disasters in the region. The rescuer personally visited all the flooded cities and villages, led search and rescue operations, helped evacuate people, and he himself did not sit idly by - he has hundreds of similar events on his account. On September 2, together with his brigade, he was heading to another village, where 400 houses were flooded and more than 1,000 people were waiting for help. Crossing the river, the KAMAZ, in which Fedura and 8 other people were, collapsed into the water. Oleg Fedura saved all the personnel, but then could not get out of the flooded car and died.
Lyubov Pechko
The entire Russian world learned the name of the 91-year-old female veteran from the news on May 9. During the festive procession in honor of Victory Day in Slavyansk, occupied by the Ukrainians, the column of veterans was pelted with eggs, doused with brilliant green and sprinkled with flour by the Ukrainian Nazis, but the spirit of the old soldiers could not be broken, no one fell out of action. The Nazis shouted insults; in occupied Slavyansk, where any Russian and Soviet symbols are prohibited, the situation was extremely explosive and could at any moment turn into a massacre. However, the veterans, despite the threat to their lives, were not afraid to openly put on their medals and St. George ribbons, after all, they did not go through the war with the Nazis in order to be afraid of their ideological followers. Lyubov Pechko, who participated in the liberation of Belarus during the Great Patriotic War, was splashed with brilliant green directly in the face. Photos showing traces of brilliant green being wiped off Lyubov Pechko’s face have spread across social networks and the media. My sister died from shock elderly woman, who saw the abuse of veterans on TV and had a heart attack.
Danil Maksudov
In January of this year, during a severe snowstorm, a dangerous traffic jam formed on the Orenburg-Orsk highway, in which hundreds of people were trapped. Ordinary employees of various services showed heroism, leading people out of icy captivity, sometimes putting them in danger own life. Russia remembers the name of policeman Danil Maksudov, who was hospitalized with severe frostbite because he gave his jacket, hat and gloves to those who needed it most. After that, Danil spent several more hours in the snowstorm helping to get people out of the jam. Then Maksudov himself ended up in the emergency traumatology department with frostbitten hands; there was talk of amputating his fingers. However, in the end the policeman recovered.
Konstantin Parikozha
Russian President Vladimir Putin and Orenburg Airlines Boeing 777-200 crew commander Konstantin Parikozha, awarded the Order of Courage, during the award ceremony state awards in the Kremlin. Mikhail Metzel/TASS
A native of Tomsk, the 38-year-old pilot managed to land a plane with a burning engine, which was carrying 350 passengers, including many families with children and 20 crew members. The plane was flying from the Dominican Republic, at an altitude of 6 thousand meters a bang was heard and the cabin was filled with smoke, panic began. During landing, the plane's landing gear also caught fire. However, thanks to the skill of the pilot, the Boeing 777 was successfully landed and none of the passengers were injured. Parikozha received the Order of Courage from the hands of the President.
Andrey Logvinov
The 44-year-old commander of the Il-18 crew that crashed in Yakutia managed to land the plane without wings. They tried to land the plane until the last minute and in the end they managed to avoid casualties, although both wings of the plane broke off when it hit the ground and the fuselage collapsed. The pilots themselves received multiple fractures, but despite this, according to rescuers, they refused help and asked to be the last to be evacuated to the hospital. “He managed the impossible,” they said about Andrei Logvinov’s skill.
Georgy Gladysh
On a February morning, the rector Orthodox church in Krivoy Rog, Priest Georgy, as usual, was riding home from service on a bicycle. Suddenly he heard cries for help from a nearby body of water. It turned out that the fisherman had fallen through the ice. The priest ran to the water, threw off his clothes and, making the sign of the cross, rushed to help. The noise attracted the attention of local residents, who called an ambulance and helped pull the already unconscious retired fisherman out of the water. The priest himself refused honors: " It wasn't me who saved. God decided this for me. If I had been driving a car instead of a bicycle, I simply would not have heard the cries for help. If I started to think about whether to help the person or not, I wouldn’t have time. If the people on the shore had not thrown us a rope, we would have drowned together. And so everything happened by itself"After the feat, he went on to perform church services.
Yulia Kolosova
Russia. Moscow. December 2, 2016. Commissioner for Children's Rights under the President of the Russian Federation Anna Kuznetsova (left) and Yulia Kolosova, winner in the "Children-Heroes" nomination, at the awards ceremony for the winners of the VIII All-Russian festival on the theme of safety and rescue of people "Constellation of Courage". Mikhail Pochuev/TASS
The Valdai schoolgirl, despite the fact that she was only 12 years old, was not afraid to enter a burning private house after hearing the screams of children. Julia took two boys out of the house, and already on the street they told her that their other little brother remained inside. The girl returned to the house and carried a 7-year-old baby in her arms, who was crying and afraid to go down the stairs shrouded in smoke. As a result, none of the children were harmed. " It seems to me that in my place any teenager would do this, but not every adult, because adults are much more indifferent than children", says the girl. Concerned residents of Staraya Russa collected money and gave the girl a computer and a souvenir - a mug with her photo. The schoolgirl herself admits that she did not help for the sake of gifts and praise, but she, of course, was pleased, because she is from a low-income family - Yulia’s mother is a saleswoman, and her father works at a factory.
Pravoslavie.fm is an Orthodox, patriotic, family-oriented portal and therefore offers readers the top 10 amazing feats of the Russian army. The top does not include […]
Pravoslavie.fm is an Orthodox, patriotic, family-oriented portal and therefore offers readers the top 10 amazing feats of the Russian army.
The top does not include single exploits of Russian warriors like captain Nikolai Gastello, sailor Pyotr Koshka, warrior Mercury Smolensky or staff captain Pyotr Nesterov, because with the level of mass heroism that has always distinguished the Russian army, it is absolutely impossible to determine the top ten best warriors. They are all equally great.
Places in the top are not distributed, since the feats described belong to different eras and it is not entirely correct to compare them with each other, but they all have one thing in common - shining example triumph of the spirit of the Russian army.
- The feat of the squad of Evpatiy Kolovrat (1238).
Evpatiy Kolovrat is a native of Ryazan; there is not much information about him, and it is contradictory. Some sources say that he was a local governor, others - a boyar.
News came from the steppe that the Tatars were marching against Rus'. First on their way lay Ryazan. Realizing that the Ryazan residents did not have enough of their own forces to successfully defend the city, the prince sent Evpatiy Kolovrat to seek help in neighboring principalities.
Kolovrat left for Chernigov, where he was overtaken by the news of the ruin native land Mongols. Without hesitating for a minute, Kolovrat and his small squad hurriedly moved towards Ryazan.
Unfortunately, he found the city already devastated and burned. Seeing the ruins, he gathered those who could fight and, with an army of about 1,700 people, rushed in pursuit of Batu’s entire horde (about 300,000 soldiers).
Having overtaken the Tatars in the vicinity of Suzdal, he gave battle to the enemy. Despite the small number of the detachment, the Russians managed to crush the Tatar rearguard with a surprise attack.
Batu was very stunned by this frantic attack. Khan had to throw his best parts into battle. Batu asked to bring Kolovrat to him alive, but Evpatiy did not give up and bravely fought with an enemy outnumbered.
Then Batu sent a parliamentarian to Evpatiy to ask what the Russian soldiers want? Evpatiy answered - “just die”! The fight continued. As a result, the Mongols, who were afraid to approach the Russians, had to use catapults and only in this way were they able to defeat Kolovrat’s squad.
Khan Batu, amazed by the courage and heroism of the Russian warrior, gave Evpatiy’s body to his squad. For their courage, Batu ordered the rest of the soldiers to be released without harming them.
The feat of Evpatiy Kolovrat is described in the ancient Russian “Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu.”
- Suvorov's crossing of the Alps (1799).
In 1799, Russian troops who participated in battles with the French in Northern Italy as part of the Second Anti-French Coalition were recalled home. However, on the way home, Russian troops were supposed to assist Rimsky-Korsakov's corps and defeat the French in Switzerland.
For this purpose, the army was led by Generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. together with the convoy, artillery and the wounded, she made an unprecedented transition through the Alpine passes.
During the campaign, Suvorov's army fought through St. Gotthard and the Devil's Bridge and made the transition from the Reuss Valley to the Muten Valley, where it was surrounded. However, in the battle in the Muten Valley, where she was defeated French army and left the encirclement, after which she crossed the snow-covered, inaccessible Ringenkopf (Panix) pass and headed towards Russia through the city of Chur.
During the battle for the Devil's Bridge, the French managed to damage the span and bridge the gap. Russian soldiers, under fire, tied the boards of a nearby barn with scarves of officers and went into battle along them. And while overcoming one of the passes, in order to knock the French down from a height, several dozen volunteers, without any climbing equipment, climbed a steep cliff to the top of the pass and hit the French in the rear.
The son of Emperor Paul I took part in this campaign under the command of Suvorov as an ordinary soldier. Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.
- Defense Brest Fortress(1941).
The Brest Fortress was built by the Russian military in 1836-42 and consisted of a citadel and three fortifications that protected it. Later it was modernized several times, became the property of Poland and again returned to Russia.
By the beginning of June 1941, units of two Red Banner rifle divisions of the Red Banner and 42nd Rifle Divisions and several small units were located on the territory of the fortress. In total, by the morning of June 22, there were about 9,000 people in the fortress.
The Germans decided in advance that the Brest Fortress, located on the border with the USSR and therefore chosen as one of the targets of the first strike, would have to be taken only by infantry - without tanks. Their use was hampered by forests, swamps, river channels and canals surrounding the fortress. German strategists gave the 45th division (17,000 people) no more than eight hours to capture the fortress.
Despite the surprise attack, the garrison gave the Germans a tough rebuff. The report said: “The Russians are resisting fiercely, especially behind our attacking companies. In the Citadel, the enemy organized a defense with infantry units supported by 35-40 tanks and armored vehicles. The fire of Russian snipers led to heavy losses among officers and non-commissioned officers." In one day, June 22, 1941, the 45th Infantry Division lost 21 officers and 290 lower ranks in killed.
On June 23, at 5:00, the Germans began shelling the Citadel, while trying not to hit their soldiers blocked in the church. On the same day, tanks were used for the first time against the defenders of the Brest Fortress.
On June 26, on the North Island, German sappers blew up the wall of the political school building. 450 prisoners were taken there. The East Fort remained the main center of resistance on the North Island. On June 27, 20 commanders and 370 soldiers from the 393rd anti-aircraft battalion of the 42nd defended there. rifle division led by the commander of the 44th Infantry Regiment, Major Pyotr Gavrilov.
On June 28, two German tanks and several self-propelled guns returning from repairs to the front continued to fire at the East Fort on the North Island. However, this did not bring visible results, and the commander of the 45th division turned to the Luftwaffe for support.
On June 29 at 8:00 a.m., a German bomber dropped a 500-kilogram bomb on the Eastern Fort. Then another 500 kg bomb was dropped and finally an 1800 kg bomb. The fort was practically destroyed.
However, a small group of fighters led by Gavrilov continued to fight in the Eastern Fort. The major was captured only on July 23. Residents of Brest said that until the end of July or even until the first days of August, shooting was heard from the fortress and the Nazis brought their wounded officers and soldiers from there to the city where the German army hospital was located.
However, the official date for the end of the defense of the Brest Fortress is considered to be July 20, based on the inscription that was discovered in the barracks of the 132nd separate battalion of NKVD convoy troops: “I am dying, but I am not giving up. Goodbye, Motherland. 20/VII-41".
- Campaigns of Kotlyarevsky's detachments during Russo-Persian Wars 1799-1813.
All the exploits of the troops of General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky are so amazing that it is difficult to choose the best, so we will present them all:
In 1804, Kotlyarevsky with 600 soldiers and 2 guns fought off Abbas Mirza’s 20,000 soldiers for 2 days in an old cemetery. 257 soldiers and almost all of Kotlyarevsky’s officers died. There were many wounded.
Then Kotlyarevsky, wrapping the wheels of the cannons with rags, made his way through the besiegers’ camp at night, stormed the nearby Shah-Bulakh fortress, knocking out the Persian garrison of 400 people, and settled in it.
For 13 days he fought off the corps of 8,000 Persians besieging the fortress, and then at night he lowered his guns down the wall and left with a detachment to the Mukhrat fortress, which he also took by storm, knocking out the Persians from there too, and again prepared for defense.
To pull the cannons through the deep ditch during the second march, four soldiers volunteered to fill it with their bodies. Two were crushed to death, and two continued the hike.
In Mukhrat, the Russian army came to the rescue of Kotlyarevsky’s battalion. In this operation and during the capture of the Ganja fortress a little earlier, Kotlyarevsky was wounded four times, but remained in service.
In 1806, in the field battle of Khonashin, 1644 soldiers of Major Kotlyarevsky defeated the 20,000-strong army of Abbas Mirza. In 1810, Abbas Mirza again marched with troops against Russia. Kotlyarevsky took 400 rangers and 40 horsemen and set out to meet them.
“On the way,” he stormed the Migri fortress, defeating a 2,000-strong garrison, and captured 5 artillery batteries. Having waited for 2 companies of reinforcements, the colonel took battle with the Shah’s 10,000 Persians and forced him to retreat to the Araks River. Taking 460 infantry and 20 mounted Cossacks, the colonel destroyed Abbas Mirza's 10,000-strong detachment, losing 4 Russian soldiers killed.
In 1811, Kotlyarevsky became a major general, crossing the impregnable Gorny ridge with 2 battalions and a hundred Cossacks and storming the Akhalkalak fortress. The British sent the Persians money and weapons for 12,000 soldiers. Then Kotlyarevsky went on a campaign and stormed the Kara-Kakh fortress, where military warehouses were located.
In 1812, in the field battle of Aslanduz, 2,000 Kotlyarevsky soldiers with 6 guns defeated the entire army of Abbas Mirza of 30,000 people.
By 1813, the British rebuilt the Lankaran fortress for the Persians according to advanced European models. Kotlyarevsky took the fortress by storm, having only 1,759 people against a 4,000-strong garrison and during the attack almost completely destroyed the defenders. Thanks to this victory, Persia sued for peace.
- Capture of Izmail by Suvorov (1790).
The Turkish fortress of Izmail, which covered the Danube crossings, was built by French and English engineers for the Ottomans. Suvorov himself believed that this was “a fortress without weak points.”
However, having arrived near Izmail on December 13, Suvorov spent six days actively preparing for the assault, including training troops to storm models of the high fortress walls of Izmail.
Near Izmail, in the area of the present village of Safyany, earthen and wooden analogues of the ditch and walls of Izmail were built in the shortest possible time - the soldiers trained to throw a Nazi ditch into the ditch, quickly set up ladders, after climbing the wall they quickly stabbed and chopped the stuffed animals installed there, simulating defenders.
For two days, Suvorov conducted artillery preparation with field guns and cannons of the rowing flotilla ships; on December 22, at 5:30 a.m., the assault on the fortress began. Resistance on the city streets lasted until 16:00.
The attacking troops were divided into 3 detachments (wings) of 3 columns each. Major General de Ribas's detachment (9,000 people) attacked from the river side; the right wing under the command of Lieutenant General P. S. Potemkin (7,500 people) was supposed to strike from the western part of the fortress; the left wing of Lieutenant General A. N. Samoilov (12,000 people) - from the east. Brigadier Westphalen's cavalry reserves (2,500 men) were on the land side. In total, Suvorov's army numbered 31,000 people.
Turkish losses amounted to 29,000 killed. 9 thousand were captured. Of the entire garrison, only one person escaped. Slightly wounded, he fell into the water and swam across the Danube on a log.
The losses of the Russian army amounted to 4 thousand people killed and 6 thousand wounded. All 265 guns, 400 banners, huge reserves of provisions and jewelry worth 10 million piastres were captured. M. was appointed commandant of the fortress. I. Kutuzov, future famous commander, winner of Napoleon.
The conquest of Ishmael was of great political significance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion of the Peace of Iasi between Russia and Turkey in 1792, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the Dniester River. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia.
Andrey Szegeda
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