Artie, famous people, history. Artie, famous people, history How to apply sunscreen

The history of the village of Arti, like most cities and towns in the Urals, is, first of all, the history of the plant. It was at the small Artinsky plant that two unique industries for the country were united: the production of braids and needles for sewing machines.

History of the village

The birthday of the village, which is usually celebrated here on August 3, is a very conventional date. For example, he could now celebrate not 230 years, but 250 - if we consider the birth of the village to be the year of construction of the first flour mill - property Count Alexander Stroganov on Artya River. Well, in 1783, the construction of a plant for forging cast iron began here.

The start of construction of the plant was delayed for more than ten years. In 1770 the mill Stroganova bought out Tula merchant Larion Luginin. He was interested not so much in the mill on the bank of an unknown river flowing into Ufa how much opportunity “to raise one blast furnace and five hammers powered by water on the Artya River”. That is, he acquired a potential plant.

Two years later, construction of this plant actually began, but it caught fire Pugachev revolt, who nullified all Luginin’s plans - he died, completely ruined. His grandson Nikolay, a lieutenant of the Life Guards and a considerable reveler, was nevertheless sufficiently interested in the inheritance to complete the construction of the plant. This happened in 1783, which today is celebrated as the year the village was founded.

However, the plant operating on imported ore was unprofitable, and then captain Luginin, like his grandfather, declared himself bankrupt. The plant was transferred to the state treasury, after which the Moscow merchant Knauf decided to rent it. He invested in production (after all, he was promised to leave the plant “for eternal possession”) and in 1809 he began producing braids, and on a grand scale. And then the state, “coming to its senses,” took away Knauf factory back.

Well-established production, of course, was preserved and over the years reached such perfection that these braids were celebrated at numerous exhibitions, including London(1851) and Paris(1867). During Soviet times Artinsky plant remained the only enterprise in the country producing braids. And in 1941 he was evacuated here Podolsk Needle Factory, which is also the only one left in the whole country.

Both of these productions Artie exist to this day, and has become not only a symbol of this village, but also glorified it as the only one in Russia that takes place in Artie since 2011.

Arti is an urban-type settlement in the Artinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region of Russia. Is administrative center Artinsky urban district.

The village is located on the Artya River (a tributary of the Ufa), 178 km southwest of Yekaterinburg.

Population 13.4 thousand inhabitants (2009).

Famous people

Story

The history of the settlement begins in 1753, when Count Stroganov built a mill on the Arta River. After some time, the Tula merchant Luginin became the owner of the mill. Deciding that instead of a mill it would be more profitable to build an iron-making and hammer plant, he began construction of the plant. Raw materials for production had to come from their own iron foundries of the Satkinsky, Zlatoust and Kusinsky factories. In 1778, Luginin died, but his grandchildren continued his work.

Construction of the plant began in 1783. And then a settlement arose at the plant. Then a dam was built on the banks of the Artya River. The plant grew, and so did the factory village. In 1839, the stone single-altar Vvedensky Church was built.

By the end of the 18th century in Arty there were 100 manor houses, 234 huts and more than a thousand people lived. In 1786, a wooden hospital was built.

In the 19th century, the company was acquired by the factory owner Knauf, and after his death, the Artinsky plant became the property of the state. By the third quarter of the 19th century, the village had grown significantly. A hospital, pharmacy, school and trading shops were built. At the same time, trade fairs were regularly held in Artya. Hundreds of carts from Kazan, Irbit, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Kungur, Krasnoufimsk came to the factory square, and the population of the village increased almost five times.

The status of an urban-type settlement has been since 1929.

In 1931, the Vvedensky Church was closed, demolished, and the place was built up. Two wooden chapels built in late XIX centuries on the territory of the village.

And to this day, more than two centuries later, that same hammer ironworks, which has now become a mechanical plant, is a city-forming enterprise.

Settlement Artie located on the banks of the Artya River, just south of its confluence with the Ufa River.

The first settlements on the territory of the Artinsky region, which have survived to this day, appeared about 4 centuries ago. The oldest of them is the village of Manchazh ( 1652 year), Azigulovo and Bakiykovo ( 1655 ). First the Bashkirs settled our lands, then the Tatars, Maris, and Russians came. The ancient villages that arose then were part of the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province.

The appearance of the first inhabitants on the site of the modern village of Arti dates back to the second quarter of the 18th century. IN 1745 year, the Mari village of Aponasul (Afonaskovo) arose here. The Mari from the Vyatka province moved to these regions. In the document defining the living conditions - " serf note", drawn up between the owners of the land - the Bashkirs and newcomers, dated 1745, it was reported: " We, the Bashkirs, ceded our patrimonial land to the Cheremis, and to give them courtyards, land, forests and hayfields, to own agricultural land, to catch animals and fish... 20 years for them, the Bashkirs, not to enter those lands, but only to take rent for 10 rubles in year".

Soon after the Mari, Russian settlers from the Kazan and Perm provinces came to this territory.

In the 18th century, by decree of Tsar Peter I, ironworks began to appear in the Urals to supply Russia with metal and weapons. With such a favorable environment for the development of the metallurgical industry, Baron Sergei Grigorievich Stroganov 1753 year, he acquired land for a song for the construction of a plant. These places were chosen for a reason: water for driving water wheels and all other technological drives, the abundance of forests in the Arti River basin both for construction needs and for producing charcoal into blast furnaces and forges were the main factors that determined the choice of location.

IN 1783 year the village of Arti appeared. In 1787, the Artinsky plant was founded, which soon began producing its first products. Our plant was and remains the only enterprise in the country that produced agricultural scythes, sickles, and, since the mid-20th century, sewing needles. Arti is the birthplace of the Russian braid. The outstanding scientist Pavel Petrovich Anosov worked on improving the technology of its production in the 19th century, who also discovered the secret of damask steel.

In addition, the plant produces shovels, pitchforks, other gardening tools, ladders, consumer goods, auto parts and other products. As in past centuries, he produces a lot of goods abroad, participates in various industrial exhibitions and often receives diplomas and titles.

The development of the Artinsky plant took place throughout the 19th century. WITH 1811 year it became state-owned. With meager earnings and difficult working conditions for workers (as noted in " Development of capitalism in Russia"V.I. Lenin), the plant, however, made the small village of Arti a large settlement, and subsequently became a city-forming enterprise that formed the modern Artinsky district. The plant developed especially successfully in Soviet time.

Volosts, districts and provinces were abolished during Soviet times. IN 1923 In 2009, the Artinsky district became part of the Kungur district of the Ural region. On December 19, 1923, a district party conference was held in the village of Arti, at which a district party committee was elected. The next day, the first congress of district councils elected a district executive committee. T.S. Leushkanov became the first secretary of the RK VKP(b), and Alexey Ivanovich Bebnev became the chairman of the executive committee.

In 1929 the working settlement of Arti received the status urban village.

The territory of the Artinsky district then occupied an area of ​​946 sq. km., which is almost three times smaller than today. 31,560 people lived in 75 settlements. Over the years since then, changes have occurred twice more.

In 1962, the districts were consolidated. The territories of Artinsky, Manchazhsky, Sazhinsky and other districts were transferred to Krasnoufimsky. Two years later - in 1964 year - the Artinsky district was restored. It also included the Manchazhsky and Sazhinsky districts that were before 1962.

Now the area of ​​the district is 277.7 thousand hectares, 31.2 thousand people live in 58 settlements. Artinsky district unites 17 rural and one village administrations.

Settlements occupy 19,053 thousand hectares. territory of the district, 175 thousand hectares. – agricultural land, 78 thousand hectares. - forests. The center of the Artinsky urban district is the village of Arti. As before, the Artinsky district is multinational. Russians, Tatars, Maris and representatives of other nationalities live on its territory.

Artinsky district is agricultural. There are 16 agricultural enterprises in the region various forms property with an area of ​​farmland of 134.980 thousand hectares, of which 111.196 thousand hectares are arable land. In addition to large agricultural enterprises, successors to state farms, 30 peasant farms are working well.

Just like one hundred and two hundred years ago, OJSC "Artinsky Plant" is the city-forming enterprise of the village of Arti. As before, the plant’s products are known in many countries.

The housing and communal services of the Artinsky urban district are represented by the enterprises of the MUP "Artinskaya Teplotekhnika", the MUP "ZhKH-Arti", as well as the municipal unitary enterprises Sazhinskoye and Manchazhskoye Housing and Communal Services.

Since the formation of the district, the district consumer society has been actively developing in the territory, which to this day remains the strongest trade organization, uniting 92 retail facilities, of which 89 are stores. Back in 1914, there were 29 merchants in the Artinsky district, including 3 merchant women. But trade was practiced much more widely and was not limited to the activities of the merchants. Each volost center held at least two fairs a year. Over time, the need arose to cooperate in efforts to promote goods to customers. Cooperation has emerged. Artinsky RAIPO remains faithful to cooperative principles, providing villagers with essential goods, processing vegetables and berries, and storing surplus agricultural products. Consumer cooperation is also engaged in charitable activities, providing assistance to schools, hospitals and other institutions social sphere. The RAIPO chain currently competes with stores of private entrepreneurs, where the range of goods, types of services and their quality evoke the respect of buyers and visitors.

From 1917 to the present, forms of forestry management have changed more than 20 times. Now the forestry of the Artinsky district is represented by the Artinsky branch of the state unitary enterprise of the Sverdlovsk region "Forestry Production Association"; Artinskoe, Sazhinskoe and Potashkinskoe forest districts of the state institution of the Sverdlovsk region "Krasnoufimskoe forestry", occupying 112,586 hectares. On the territory of the forest districts there are natural monuments - the Sabarsky area of ​​dark coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests, areas of mountain feather grass steppes, the Potashkin oak grove.

Back in the 18th century, the medical board was considered the highest body for managing medical affairs in Russia. In 1812, the surgeon Baron Sigismund von Tiesenhausen worked at the Artinsky plant hospital. In those days, the local doctor was required to serve 89 settlements; there was no emergency room, so the majority of the population was forced to do without medical care. Currently, on the territory of the Artinsky urban district there are municipal institution"Artinskaya Central District Hospital" (with departments: outpatient, obstetrician-gynecological, infectious diseases, neurological, therapeutic, surgical, dentistry and orthopedics, children's and women's consultations) in the village of Arti, and in rural areas– 31 medical assistant obstetric stations, 9 general medical practices have been opened.

In June 1918, the Artinsky Volost Revolutionary Committee created a Council public education, the leader of which was approved by member of the RCP (b) Evgeny Pavlovich Shutov. Fulfilling the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 26, 1919 “On the Elimination of Illiteracy of the Population,” emergency troikas were created under the volost executive committees to eliminate illiteracy. In the fall of 1920, 8 literacy schools were opened, and in large villages - 21 literacy centers, where 899 people studied. Now in the Artinsky district there are 21 educational institution, 21 kindergarten, night school. Additional education Children in our area can receive vocational training at the Artinsky Vocational School at the children's art school. In addition, in their free time from school, schoolchildren study in clubs and sections of the Children's Creativity Center, children's youth sports school, sports complex "Start". There are 15 children's, teenage and youth clubs open in the district.

Before October revolution in the Artinsky district there was not a single cultural institution, except for the volost library in the village of Arti. From October 1, 1919, gradually, mainly on the initiative of Komsomol members, people's houses and clubs, reading rooms began to open. Cultural and educational institutions tried to bring culture to the masses of workers and have a beneficial effect on their mood. The same task still faces the workers of 27 cultural centers and rural clubs, 27 public libraries. Outside the Sverdlovsk region, the groups "Cholga Shudyr" ( Bright Star), "Mura Pamash" (Song Spring), "Udyr Siy" (Girls' Trouble), Azigulovsky People's Theater. There is a sports and fitness center in the village of Manchazh, one of two in rural areas in the region.

The Artinsky district is distinguished by a high concentration of strong, courageous, worthy citizens of Russia. During the Great Patriotic War seven soldiers from our small region became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In the year of the collapse of the country, a Decree of the President of the RSFSR was issued " On some issues of the activities of executive authorities in the RSFSR". In accordance with it, from December 6, 1991, by the resolution of the Head of the Artinsky District Administration" On termination of powers of the executive committee of the Artinsky District Council of People's Deputies"The powers of the executive committee of the Artinsky district council as an executive and administrative body were terminated. The head of the administration of the Artinsky district became the legal successor of the executive committee.

August 7, 1995 The referendum decision" About the voting results in the local referendum"a municipal entity was created Artinsky district.

WITH 01.01.2006 year in accordance with Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated 06.10.2003 " On the general principles of organizing local self-government in Russian Federation ", regional law No. 88-OZ dated 10/12/2004 " About setting boundaries municipality Artinsky district and granting it the status of an urban district"educated Artinsky urban district.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range

  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation

  280–315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation

  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. Content carbon dioxide also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from harmful effects Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair

skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers

fishing

Skiers and climbers

People having family history skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers represent the share solar radiation, which overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting Sun rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

sunlight, reflected from water, snow or sand, can cause a painful burn to the retina of the eyes. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention

At one time there was this version: the name, they say, is Mari, because there once was a Mari village here. And as if in Mari artie- this is a “pit”. After all, they are standing in the pit Artie, between three mountains and ridges. But a big hole in Mari is “chukur”, a small hole is “lak”. The assumption disappeared. This was explained by the Mari writer Ilya Vasiliev. There are no other words similar to the word “arti” in the Mari language.

Probably, we should look for the origins of the word in the Turkic languages, because after the Voguls, these places were inhabited by the Tatars and Bashkirs. Main river district - Artya. On old maps it was written - "Arta". The little factory built on this river at the end of the 18th century received its name in its name: Artinsky ironworks.

In everyday life it was said in short: Artinsky plant. Or this: Arti Factory. At one time there was even: Artinsk. And then one short “Artie” stuck. In the last century, industrial settlements were not called villages or towns, but rather “factories”. Remember from Bazhov: “There lived an old man alone in our factory, nicknamed Kokovanya”...

And our Arti, just recently, in the pre-war years, being a regional center, was still called a plant. Moreover, Big Soviet Encyclopedia confirms the official use of the word “factory” in the meaning settlement. About the birthplace of the famous Russian metallurgist Nikolai Alexandrovich Iossa it is written: "1845. Artinsky plant Permskaya lips."

This means that we, too, will begin to dance from the river, as if from a stove. Artie. Artya... Artya... This is the main, “our own” river in the region. The big river Ufa, apparently, flowed to us only to receive the waters of Arti.

The total length of Arti is more than 50 kilometers. It originates from a marshy spring south of the village of Berezovka. There are beautiful tributaries. In the upper reaches, from forested and mountainous places, the right tributaries flow into the Artya: Pegashka, Alabushka and Arema. Favorite fishing spots for kids. At the confluence of the rivers there are villages and hamlets: Potashka, Verkhnie Arti and Artya-Shigiri.

At the bottom they flow into the Artya Sennaya, Shaksha and Chekmash. The latter is already within the boundaries of the village of Arti. There is by the river natural feature. Its right bank is a mountainous forest area. The left bank is a forest-steppe with numerous treeless ridges. There are now fields and fields, sometimes hundreds of hectares long. In some places, in the vicinity of Bardym and Sazhino, feather grass is already spreading along the slopes, and in the razdolnogo tract of Yuguz, on a July afternoon, such a sultry steppe wind smells like such a sultry steppe wind... This is part of the vast Krasnoufima-Kungur forest-steppe, a strip stretching to the north from Chelyabinsk and Bashkiria.

The Artya River, flowing along the border of the taiga and forest-steppe zones, fully experiences the peculiarities of its geographical location. In spring, the snow in the forest-steppe is the first to melt. Numerous logs are opened - and Artya is overflowing, seething. Then the snow in the taiga begins to melt, and even steeper ravines again feed it with turbulent water. It happens that in the summer forest soils begin to give up soil moisture - and Artya suddenly rises again.

This is how she has always been to people: violent, capricious. There is a word in the Turkic language "artau", which means wayward, rebellious.

This is probably how the river got its name. Then the Russians who came here softened the pronunciation, and Arta began to be called Artya.

So: Artya, Artie, Artinsky area. A few words about accents. In the sixties, the editorial office of a regional newspaper received a request from Moscow: to report the exact name of the regional center and note how derivatives from it are pronounced, how the local population calls themselves. A consolidated work and reference book was being prepared.

Answered: "Artie" traditionally pronounced with emphasis on last syllable. But the word “Artinsky” is the opposite, with an emphasis on the first. Artinsky district, Artinsky girls. And the inhabitants are Artinians, less commonly - Artyans.
However, visitors, as well as regional radio and television, not recognizing the national pronunciation, stubbornly call the area Artinsky, which is offensive to all the native Artin residents. By the way, it is appropriate to recall that the Great Russian words “artachisya”, “artachistaya” (in relation to a horse) are considered derivatives from the Turkic “artau”.

So, in ancient times, in the spring or in rainy weather, the usually calm and shallow Artya suddenly caused a lot of trouble, the water flooded the banks and made a violent noise. They built bridges across it and crossed it with mill carpenters. And then two real dams were built for iron factories. And from then on Artya became docile, all her tough temper went into useful to people work.
The old way administrative division Artinsky parish and her neighbors Potashkinskaya and Novozlatoustovskaya volosts were part of the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province. In its southern part, the district bordered on the Ufa province.

Soviet times brought changes. At first, Arti was modestly called a village. Then a workers' village. Nowadays a somewhat more complicated designation of urban settlement has been adopted. - Urban-type settlement. That is, Arti fell into that category of villages that left the village and did not come to the city.

In 1923 When zoning, Arti received the status of a district center. When the consolidation of districts took place in 1962, the Artinsky district included part of the adjacent territories of the Sazhinsky and Manchazhsky districts. And the former regional centers of Manchazh and Sazhino themselves became subordinate to Artey.

There are some comparative figures. In 1870 V Artinsky plant there were 5000 inhabitants. This is slightly less than in the neighboring Mikhailovsky plant, but significantly more than in the district Krasnoufimsk. This speaks to the importance of the plant in the economic structure of that time.

Currently in Artyakh lives around 15 thousand residents in the area around 38 thousand.