Azov internal or outlying. Seas and oceans that wash Russia - list, description and map. II. Learning new material

Russia owns huge reserves, which are distributed unevenly over the area. Most of them are concentrated in the north, a smaller part in the south. The country has the longest coastline in the world, the total length of which is about 61 thousand km. In addition to the oceans and seas, there are more than two million rivers and the same number. All water resources actively used in economic activity states. In total, Russia is washed by 13 seas, 1 of which is closed, and the remaining 12 belong to the basins of the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans. This article provides a list and short description all seas and oceans washing the territory of the Russian Federation.

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Atlantic Ocean

Seas Atlantic Ocean wash the western coast of the state. These include the Azov, Black and Baltic seas. The length of the coastline is about 1845 km. The largest rivers flowing into these seas are Luga, Neva, Don, Matsesta and Ashe.

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean and the seas of its basin wash the northern part of Russia. The total length of the coastline is 39,940 km. The Arctic Ocean basin includes the Chukchi, Kara, East Siberian, White, Barents Seas, as well as the Laptev Sea. , flowing into the Arctic Ocean include the Lena, Yenisei, Ob, Northern Dvina and Pechora.

Pacific Ocean

The waters of the Pacific Ocean wash the territory of Russia from the east. The length of the coastline is 17,740 km. The Sea of ​​Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas are located on the Asian coast of the country. Amur, Anadyr - these are the most large rivers Pacific basin.

Map of the seas and oceans that wash the territory of Russia

As can be seen on the map above, the country's shores are washed by twelve seas. Another, the Caspian Sea, has an internal closed basin and is the largest enclosed body of water in the world. The seas of Russia differ from each other in origin, temperature, maximum depth, bottom topography, degree of salinity and diversity of flora and fauna.

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean that wash Russia:

Sea of ​​Azov

An inland sea in southwest Russia that is the shallowest in the world. The Sea of ​​Azov can be considered a gulf of the Black Sea. The length from north to south is 231 km, and the maximum depth is up to 14 m. The reservoir freezes in winter, and warms up well in summer. Thanks to the predominantly positive temperatures, life is actively developing in the waters. 80 species of fish, including commercial ones, live here.

Black Sea

The waters of the Black Sea wash the southwestern borders of the country. Its length from north to south is 580 km. The maximum depth exceeds 2 thousand m. Most of the cyclones that occur throughout the year originate over the Atlantic. Numerous rivers significantly desalinate the coastal waters of the sea. Due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water, the bottom part is uninhabited. At shallow depths, both Mediterranean and freshwater fish species are found: anchovy, horse mackerel, tuna, stingray, bream, pike perch, and ram.

Baltic Sea

A reservoir located in the north-west of Russia, with a length of 660 km. It is an inland sea. The maximum depth of the Baltic Sea is 470 m. Cyclones that form near the Atlantic bring frequent rain and wind to the Baltic. Due to the abundance of precipitation, the water in the sea is slightly salty, so there is little plankton in it. Fish include smelt, herring, Baltic sprat, whitefish and many others.

The seas of the Arctic Ocean that wash Russia:

Barencevo sea

Sea waters wash part of the northern coast of the country. The length of the coastline is 6645 km. The maximum depth exceeds 590 m. The North Atlantic Current and Arctic air dramatically affect climatic conditions. Summer temperatures do not rise above +10ºС. In the northwestern part the ice does not melt all year round. The waters are rich in plankton. More than a hundred species of fish live here, some of them commercial, for example, halibut, haddock, and catfish. represented by seals, bears and beluga whales. They settled on the coastal rocky cliffs different kinds birds such as gulls, guillemots and guillemots.

White Sea

An inland sea washing the northern part of the state. The length exceeds 600 km, the maximum depth is 343 m. The White Sea is slightly larger than the Azov Sea. Winter time long and harsh, and summers are humid and cool. Cyclones dominate over the reservoir. The water is slightly salty on the surface. The world of zooplankton and phytoplankton is not very developed. There are about fifty species of fish, which is significantly less than in neighboring seas. This is due to the harsh climate and low salinity. Cod, smelt, Chinook salmon, pollock, and salmon are of great commercial importance. Animal world represented by sea hares and beluga whales.

Kara Sea

The waters wash the islands and archipelagos of northern Russia. The length of the coastline is 1500 km, the maximum depth is 620 m. The average water temperature does not exceed 0°C. Throughout the year, a significant part of the sea surface is covered with ice. Salt water at river mouths becomes almost fresh. According to recent studies, there are oil and gas deposits on the shelves. Brown and red algae grow well in the sea. Fish resources are rich in navaga, flounder, chinook salmon, nelma and smelt. There are: sei whale and fin whale.

Laptev sea

A marginal reservoir of the Arctic Ocean, 1300 km long. The maximum depth is 3385 m. The sea is located near the Arctic Circle, which significantly affects the climate. Winter temperatures average -26°C. The region is affected by cyclones, bringing with them blizzards and winds. In summer the air warms up to +1ºС. Melting ice and the flow of Siberian rivers are diluting salt water seas. Vegetable world represented by a variety of algae and plankton. Near the coastal strip you can find sea ​​urchins And . Large freshwater fish emerge from river mouths to feed. The fishery is not developed, since the sea is covered with ice most of the time. Among the mammals, beluga whales, walruses and seals do well.

East-Siberian Sea

The sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean basin adjacent to the northern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline exceeds 3000 km, the greatest depth is about 900 m. The average air temperature in winter is -28°C. The reason is so low temperatures are cold winds carrying air masses from Siberia. Summer air temperatures rise to +2ºС on average. The fauna is scarce due to the harsh climate. The ichthyofauna of the coastal zone includes whitefish and sturgeon. Large mammals include beluga whales, walruses, and polar bears.

Chukchi Sea

A marginal reservoir in the north of the country. The greatest depth is 1256 m. Throughout the year the sea receives little sun rays. A sharp drop in temperature begins in the fall. Winter is characterized by strong winds and an average temperature of -28°C. Cover the reservoir with ice all year round. Grayling, char and cod are found in the Chukchi Sea. Phytoplankton serves as food for cetaceans. Polar bears live on drifting ice floes, forming an entire population.

The Pacific seas that wash Russia:

Bering Sea

The reservoir in the northeastern part of the Pacific coast has a coastline length of 13,340 km, a maximum depth of 4,151 m. There are numerous islands near the coast. In winter, the average air temperature does not rise above -23ºС. Summer temperatures average +10ºС. The Bering Sea is covered with ice almost all year. The coast is indented with capes, bays and spits. The high banks are favored by seagulls, puffins, and guillemots. The aquatic world is famous for its diversity of salmon and flounder. The gently sloping shores have become home to walruses, sea otters and polar bears.

Japanese Sea

The waters of the Sea of ​​Japan wash the eastern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline is 3240 km, the maximum depth is 3742 m. The location in temperate latitudes affects the local climate. In winter, northwest winds blow over the surface. Typhoons often occur at this time. The influx of river water is insignificant. The coast is home to starfish of all sizes and colors, urchins, shrimp and sea cucumbers. The fishery covers cod, flounder, pollock and herring. After a storm, you can see relatively safe jellyfish on the shore.

Sea of ​​Okhotsk

A semi-enclosed body of water washing the south-eastern coast of the country. The maximum depth is 3916 m. The monsoon climate prevails on the coast. January temperatures drop to -25°C. The summer maximum is +18°C. The coastal zone is home to crabs, mussels and starfish. Mammals include killer whales, seals and fur seals. In the open sea, flounder, capelin, coho salmon and pink salmon are caught.

Closed seas that wash Russia:

Caspian Sea

The only endorheic sea in the southwest of Russia. The length of the coastline is 1460 km, the maximum depth is 1025 m. Based on some signs, the Caspian Sea should be called a lake. But the salinity of the water, its size and hydrological regime indicate that it is a sea. There are many islands along the coast. The waters of the Caspian Sea are unstable, they rise and fall. Winter temperatures average -1°C, and by mid-summer they rise to +25°C. More than a hundred rivers flow into the Caspian Sea, the largest of which is the Volga. in winter Northern part the sea freezes. The flora and fauna are unique. Only endemic species live here, species that live only in the Caspian Sea. Near the coast you can find goby, herring, sturgeon, white fish, shrimp, pike perch and beluga. A unique mammal is the Caspian seal, the smallest representative of its family.

We continue the fascinating saga regarding the sharp change in the rules of navigation in the waters of the Sea of ​​​​Azov. The most important thing: the Sea of ​​Azov has been deliberately, politely and irreversibly turned into an inland sea of ​​Russia.

I don’t know how it could have been if Ukraine had behaved in accordance with its insignificant status, but today the inflated ambitions fueled by the curators have led to where they should have led. That is, they brought me to a pig stall. And now we will be convinced of this.

So, we know for certain that Ukraine detained two Russian ships: the fishing vessel Nord and the tanker Mekhanik Pogodin. Currently, “Nord” is moored in the port of Berdyansk, and “Mechanik Pogodin”, respectively, in Kherson.

At first, it really seemed that Russia, “as always,” responded to such actions only with “expressions of concern” and other protests, coupled with fruitless statements. However, understanding people kept quiet and waited for the development of events, which were not slow to snowball, because in Russia, since the time of Syria, a previously unnoticed tradition has developed: diplomats, politicians and security officials (military) act in extremely close interconnection, when the result is the maximum a result that falls under the definition of an asymmetric response.

According to Ukraine, over the past summer the Russian coast guard detained for inspection more than 150 ships traveling through the Kerch Strait to the ports of Berdyansk and Mariupol. Each ship was detained, as a rule, for a period from one day to several days. The total number of days of delay is approaching one year. Unconditional priority for passage under the Crimean Bridge is given to ships heading to Russian ports.

Currently, three Ukrainian vessels have been detained and placed on an indefinite raid: the fishing vessels YaMK-0041 and YaOD 2105, as well as the tanker Amadore, registered at the Maltese port of Valletta and owned by an Odessa shipowner.

In the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov, any movement of vessels with the Ukrainian flag, both cargo and fishing, has been completely stopped, which, if they go to sea, are instantly detained and arrested by the FSB coast guard.

And now some lyrics related to the Azov fishing industry. If anyone doesn’t know, the Azov sturgeon is the most valuable breed of all sturgeon, both in terms of the fish itself and black caviar. For a long time (since the 90s), fishing for this fish and the extraction of caviar has been strictly prohibited in Russia due to their almost complete disappearance, despite the titanic efforts of coastal fisheries, from Temryuk to Taganrog, which hatch millions (if not billions) of fry every season and raise them for release to sea.

Despite the measures taken, everything last years sturgeon was caught in the most predatory way by Ukrainian sailors. This especially flourished in winter, when the sturgeon went to winter in the deepest place in the center of the sea and, taking advantage of control over most of the water area, it was simply scooped out by fishing trawls, nullifying all efforts to restore the population. It became possible to stop this chaos only after the annexation of Crimea, but the most decisive actions were taken only this year, when Russia completely excluded sturgeon fishing. It is easy to verify this: the entire water area of ​​the Azov Sea, regardless of coordinates, has been cleared of all Ukrainian fishing vessels. And not only fishing ones, but also from all vessels with the Ukrainian flag, which is easy to check on the Marine Traffic website.

If any of the Ukrainian ships goes to sea, they will be immediately detained. These are the rules established by Russia in the Azov Sea after the Ukrainian lawlessness with Russian ships. And in total, less than a year has passed since the construction Crimean bridge. What else will happen to those port cities of the outskirts that have lost their fishing business.

Lesson objectives:

• educational - to form knowledge about the seas of the Krasnodar Territory, to teach how to characterize them;
• developing - develop logical thinking, ability to build cause-and-effect relationships;
• educating – nurturing an ecological culture through awareness of the unity of nature and man.

Lesson type: combined lesson.

Scientific and methodological content of the lesson: a brief physical and geographical description of the seas washing the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. Sea resources. Economic significance. Environmental problems of the seas.

Leading concepts: sea resources, economic role, environmental problems of the seas.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Learning new material

Teacher: Guys, today in class we will talk about the seas washing the territory of our Krasnodar region. Please find these geographical features on the map and name them.

Student answers: The Black Sea (Figure 1) and the Sea of ​​Azov (Figure 2).

Picture 1.

Figure 2.

Teacher: To study this topic of the lesson, we need to remember the plan according to which the characteristics of the sea are given. (In a strong class, students name the points of the plan, helping the teacher.)

Sea characteristics plan.

1. Which ocean pool.

2. Outer or inner.

3. Coastline (indented, no, bays, peninsulas).

4. Depths, bottom topography.

5. Salinity

6. Water temperature (ice).

7. Resources, economic significance.

8. Environmental problems.

Teacher: According to this plan, you guys and I will fill out the table step by step. It will help us compare the characteristics of the two seas, the Black and Azov, and draw conclusions: find the causes of the issues that arise and the consequences arising from them.

Pollution by human waste (domestic and industrial wastewater, ballast water discharge).

The waters of the Don and Kuban are used to irrigate dry lands, which has greatly reduced the flow of fresh river water into the sea. And more salty Black Sea water began to flow. All this led to a sharp reduction in the number of fish.

The teacher asks the children questions, helping them build a logical chain to find answers (reasons).

What explains such a difference in the depths of the Black and Azov Seas? (The Sea of ​​Azov is located on the continental shelf => it is shallow, and the Black Sea is located in a tectonic depression => significant depths.)

Name the reasons for the low salinity of the waters of these seas. (Inland seas and have limited communication with the Atlantic through a complex system of straits; many rivers bring large quantities of fresh water.)

Why is the Sea of ​​Azov, unlike the Black Sea, completely covered with ice? (The Azov Sea is shallow, located north of the Black Sea, and has low salinity.) The teacher asks the students to draw a conclusion. The Black and Azov Seas, having a number of certain differences (depths and bottom topography, salinity and temperature of water, coastline), have the following

common features

: they extend deep into the Eurasian continent, the connection between these seas and the Atlantic Ocean is relatively weak and is carried out through other seas and straits, they have common environmental problems that require effective solutions.

Interesting Facts

The Old Russian name for the Sea of ​​Azov is the Sea of ​​Surozh. It was called “fishy” by the Scythians (Karagulak) and the Tatar-Mongols (Balyk-dengiz or Chabak-dengiz, i.e. bream). IN Ancient Greece it had the name Meotida - nurse.

III. Lesson summary

Teacher: Today in class, you guys remembered and learned a lot of new interesting and useful information about the seas washing our Krasnodar region. This knowledge will help you take a meaningful approach to issues of environmental management and caring for our common home - planet Earth.

Thanks for your work, lesson is over.

Homework: Find material about environmental measures aimed at solving environmental problems Black and Azov seas. Suggest and justify your ways to solve these problems.