Pontoon bridge over the Volga. Bor bridges across the Volga in Nizhny Novgorod

Joint special exercises of forces and means of logistical support of the Russian Armed Forces took place in Yaroslavl. Their progress was observed by Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu, Minister of Transport Maxim Sokolov, State Secretary of the Union State Grigory Rapota, head Federal agency railway transport Vladimir Chepets.

According to the legend of the exercises, mock enemy aircraft partially destroyed the Yaroslavl railway bridge across the Volga in the direction Kirov - Yaroslavl - Dno, as a result of which the movement of army trains was interrupted. It takes at least three weeks to repair a stationary bridge, therefore, by order of the commander of the Western Military District, in the area of ​​the Yaroslavl village of Norskoye on the 507th kilometer of the Volga, the Yaroslavl temporary transshipment area is deployed, and a separate railway brigade begins to build a kilometer-long pontoon bridge. Moreover, for the first time, a combination of two pontoon parks of different designs will be used to equip this bridge - MLZh VF-VT and NZhM-56: in the first, the road and railway passages are made in the same plane, and in the second they are equipped separately.

The Russian Ministry of Defense explained that the use of two sets makes it possible to expand the range of applications of floating bridges, including for solving problems related to the passage of wheeled and tracked vehicles.

According to legend, mock enemy aircraft partially destroyed the railway bridge across the Volga in the direction Kirov - Yaroslavl - Dno

...On one bank of the Volga at the site of the exercises is the village of Norskoye, on the other there is a dacha area. It seems that all residents of the village and owners of country houses who were not busy at work poured out to the permitted viewpoints. Sections of pontoons have already been partially laid on both banks in the opposite direction, but the middle of the river is still free. Just before the start of the exercises, a completely peaceful blue and white multi-deck cruise ship unexpectedly passes during this period - from there, vacationers wave their hands in greeting.

The crossing begins, bank left, bank right. While there is no pontoon bridge, equipment and supplies are transported by water on transport means - ferries, floating conveyors, platform barges. Sometimes it seems that the technology is simply floating on water.
The loudspeakers say: in one day, with the help of such ferry crossings, up to 300 units of rolling stock, 3,800 units of automotive equipment, and up to 50 thousand tons of material assets can be transported across the Volga.

“Enemy” aircraft are trying to interfere with the construction of the bridge: explosions, the roar of gunfire, smoke. A fire that broke out on one of the vessels is extinguished by a Mi-8 helicopter equipped with a spillway device - a soft water tank with a capacity of 2.5 thousand liters.

The wind is 18 meters per second, while the maximum permissible speed when building a pontoon bridge is 12 meters. Strong waves interfere with work, but the military copes with the task. Finally, the opposing parts of the bridge are connected, the joints are checked. The long-awaited whistle sounds - a military train with tanks and armored personnel carriers 500 meters long and weighing two thousand tons is moving along the new pontoon crossing. Behind him is a train with personnel. Next is a column of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, KamAZ trucks and tankers. The last one to pass hospital train, and behind him are buses with “refugees”.

According to Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Dmitry Bulgakov, Sergei Shoigu rated him excellent.

The military carried out the task in incredibly difficult conditions,” Dmitry Bulgakov quoted the minister as saying. - Today the wind was 18 meters per second. And all the joints on the floating bridge are measured not even in centimeters, but in millimeters.

(water area). The depth of the Volga River in the area of ​​the bridges is 8 meters.

View of bridges (2017, 1965 and 1935) from Nizhny Novgorod. 2017 Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov

The first railway bridge to be built in 1932-1935 was located on the Nizhny Novgorod-Moskovsky - Tolokontsevo section of the Gorky Railway. The bridge has two navigable spans: the first span from the right bank is intended for ships going down. The second is for ships going up. The width of the shipping lane in the span is 154 meters, the height of the span within the shipping lane is 25.6 meters from the design level and 13.2 meters from the design level.

View of the railway bridge 1935 (left). 2013 Photo: Andrey Uritsk

A combined double-decker railway and road bridge was opened 20 meters downstream of the first bridge in 1965: Railway passes in the lower tier, two-lane automobile in the upper. The bridge has two navigable spans: the first span from the right bank is intended for ships going down. The second is for ships going up. The width of the shipping lane in the span is 154 meters, the height of the span within the shipping lane is 25.6 meters from the design level and 13.2 meters from the design level. The type of construction of the combined bridge is arched. The total length of the combined bridge is 1450.9 meters, the length of the main span is 161 meters.

View of the combined bridge 1965 2009 Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov

60 meters below the second bridge, a road bridge was built in 2014-2017, replacing the existing pontoon road crossing on the P159 Nizhny Novgorod - Shakhunya - Kirov highway, which was opened in the early 1990s due to the low capacity of the road part of the combined bridge. The pontoon bridge, consisting of several barges, was built with the help of towing ships of the Nizhny Novgorod port for several hours in the morning and evening, which is why the movement of ships on the Gorodets - Nizhny Novgorod section was organized according to a special schedule. On August 1, 2016, the pontoon bridge was closed.

View of the pontoon bridge in 2013. Photo: Andrey Uritsk

The permanent bridge project was approved in November 2011. On July 31, 2017, traffic on the new bridge was opened. The total length of the bridge over the Volga River is 1450.9 meters. Bridge layout in the support axes: 24.7 + 12 x 56.6 + 52.085 + 2 x 161.515 + 2 x 47.875 + 25.0 + 9 x 24.15 + 23.775 m. To ensure navigation, supports for the navigable spans (bed part) of the projected The bridges are located in alignment with the existing ones, forming two navigable spans with a length in the axes of the supports of 161.5 m (clearance of at least 154 m) each.

View of the road bridge 2017 2018 Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov



View of the Bor bridges from the Volga from Nizhny Novgorod. 2018 Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov

List of bridges on the Volga River (from Tver to Astrakhan downstream):

In Tver;
- in Tver;
- in Tver;
- in Tver;
- in Tver;
- (Moscow region);
- (Tver region);
- (Tver region);
- in Uglich (Yaroslavl region);
- (Yaroslavl region);
- in Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region);
- (Yaroslavl region);
- in Yaroslavl;
- ;
- in Yaroslavl;
- ;
- ;
- (Ivanovo region);
- in Gorodets ( Nizhny Novgorod Region);
- Bor road-railway bridges V Nizhny Novgorod;
- in Novocheboksarsk (Republic of Chuvashia);
- in Zelenodolsk (Republic of Tatarstan);
- (Republic of Tatarstan);

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The Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver is one of the “calling cards” of this city. It is unlike other bridges in the city and many Volga bridges in general. It is distinguished by special elegance. When you are in Tver, be sure to walk along it, carefully examine its structures, and admire the views of the Volga and embankments.

View of the Starovolzhsky Bridge and the Volga from the City Garden

History of the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver

Previously, the bridge across the Volga in Tver was a pontoon bridge. It was located between and the monument to Afanasy Nikitin. They say that the bridge was built by order of Per the Great in just three hours. Allegedly, the king asked local traders how much a bunch of greenery cost. They answered, they say, “the goods are cheap, but the transportation is half the price.” Then the autocrat ordered to build a floating bridge.

With the growth of the city and the development of industry, its capabilities became insufficient. The construction of a new bridge across the Volga has become an urgent problem. However, as always, it all came down to financial issues. In the end, most of the required amount was allocated from the treasury. The remaining part was added by a Belgian-French company that was building a carriage plant in the Volga region and was interested in uninterrupted communication across the Volga.

In 1895 in St. Petersburg, process engineer V. F. Tochisky prepared a project for a new bridge, which was implemented in 1897-1900 by Czech engineer L. I. Mashek. On September 8, 1900, the grand opening of the New Bridge, as it was then called, took place. It became the first permanent bridge across the Volga in Tver. Travel on the platform was free; the city authorities covered the maintenance costs. After the construction of the second bridge, Novovolzhsky, in 1956, the first one began to be called Starovolzhsky, or simply Old.

New bridge in Tver (now Starovolzhsky)

With its outlines, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver resembles the Freedom Bridge (formerly Franz Josef Bridge) across the Danube in Budapest, built in 1894-1896. The length of the Starovolzhsky Bridge is 215.5 meters, the width of the roadway was originally 5.7 meters, the width of the sidewalks was 2.5 meters on each side. The bridge was maintained by three watchmen and a mechanic.

This is what the Starovolzhsky Bridge looked like at the beginning of the 20th century

In front of the entrance to the bridge there were elegant cast lanterns, two on each side. In 1972, they were moved to the Pushkin monument on Teatralnaya Square in Tver. The bridge was illuminated by 48 kerosene lamps. The wooden flooring was replaced twice a year. In 1904, the approaches to the bridge were paved.

Starovolzhsky Bridge. View towards Zavolzhsky Park

In 1931, a tram line ran across the Starovolzhsky Bridge, which existed until 1956. Later, trolleybus routes were launched along it.

Old Volzhsky Bridge from Zavolzhsky Park

Gerber system

The bridge was built according to a system proposed by the German engineer Heinrich Gerber (1832–1912). A small beam, called a Gerber beam, hangs between far-protruding cantilevers of iron or steel trusses. Thanks to this solution, the bridge can cover long distances.

Starovolzhsky Bridge from Zavolzhsky Park

However, at the Starovolzhsky Bridge, the trusses, riveted from sheet steel, were installed not on 5 supports, but only on 4. Part of the load was transferred to plumb lines in the form of cast iron slabs at the ends of the trusses, which were placed in special chambers in the coastal supports. Thanks to this solution, it was possible to increase the length of the cantilever truss in the middle part of the bridge and give it the shape of a curved arc. As a result, the bridge turned out graceful and airy.

Against the background of the Starovolzhsky Bridge, the monument to A.S. Pushkin, installed in the City Garden of Tver, looks beautiful

They say that the Starovolzhsky Bridge inspired the architect A.V. Vlasov (1900-1962) during its construction Crimean bridge in Moscow (opened May 1, 1938).

War and reconstruction

In October 1941 Soviet troops, retreating from Tver, were forced to blow up the bridge in order to make it difficult for the enemy to cross the Volga. Immediately after the liberation of Kalinin from the Germans, its restoration began. By 1947, the bridge across the Volga was completely restored.

Destroyed Starovolzhsky Bridge

Blast into the Great Patriotic War Starovolzhsky Bridge

In 1982-1985, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver was completely reconstructed. The wooden surface was replaced with asphalt concrete, the roadway was widened to 9 m. In addition, new load-bearing structures of spans were installed, trusses were updated, and coastal underground passages were made.

In general, the external outlines of the bridge were preserved, but some unique engineering solutions were lost. Many Tver residents believe that as a result of such reconstruction, the bridge has lost some of its charm.

Structures of the Starovolzhsky Bridge

In 2016, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver was closed again for repairs, which ended at the end of May of the same year.

Support of the Starovolzhsky Bridge

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Elena Vakhrusheva about the exercises of the 38th separate railway brigade of the Railway Troops of the Russian Armed Forces to build a pontoon railway bridge across the Volga in the Yaroslavl region (where the brigade is stationed).

From 24 to 29 August Russian army conducts large-scale exercises. The first city was Yaroslavl. Since lunchtime, planes and helicopters have been flying in the area of ​​Norsky and Rezinotekhnika. It was here that the 38th separate railway brigade erected a pontoon bridge across the Volga.

According to legend, the railway bridge was destroyed by the enemy, and its restoration will take a very long time. An alternative is a floating bridge almost 800 meters long. Both trains and transport will pass through it. This design can withstand up to 36 passing trains per day, and is erected in about a day. And so, when the last section remained, the enemy attacked. The noise of helicopters and explosions attracted the attention of local residents, they crowded on both banks of the Volga and watched the battles. Boat races and shootouts, air bombing, so much so that when a shell exploded in the water, the ground shook underfoot. In the end, of course, the enemy was defeated, the fires from the military strikes were extinguished. But in order to check whether the enemy remained somewhere and assess the damage to the floating bridge, the military launched a drone into the sky. In online mode, it shows everything that is happening on the ground using a camera installed on it. After clearing, an engineering reconnaissance team with a dog is sent across the bridge - they must find and neutralize explosive objects. All is clear!

Railway workers are finishing the installation of the bridge. 40 minutes and it's ready. First, a handcar passes for inspection, followed by a train with tanks and a column of trucks. The floating bridge is used not only to transfer equipment, but also people, so a passenger train passes across it. The last to the anthem of the railway troops and the applause of generals and officers General Staff The Russian Armed Forces crossed the Volga with a steam locomotive from the Great Patriotic War.

The progress of the railway construction operation was observed by the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Army General Dmitry Bulgakov.

There are a lot of barrier lines on the territory of our state that are not so easy to pass through and cross,” said the Deputy Minister of Defense. - Today we saw how the railway troops carry out their tasks to overcome them - to build bridges. This is a complex engineering structure in which dozens of specialists participate, working synchronously. Imagine introducing a 112-meter ferry end-to-end, where there is a distance of half a centimeter between the other pontoons. Yaroslavl military tasks were completed successfully.

Similar exercises to comprehensively support the grouping of troops will be held in five more regions.

(c) Elena Vakhrusheva / www.kp.ru