Pioneers are heroes scorched by the war. Pioneer heroes of the Great Patriotic War. What they were doing

1. was born into a peasant family in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district in the Kamenets-Podolsk region of Ukraine. This territory was occupied by German troops. When the war began, Valya had just entered the sixth grade. However, he accomplished many feats. At first, he worked to collect weapons and ammunition, drew and posted caricatures of the Nazis. Then the teenager was entrusted with more meaningful work. The boy's record includes work as a messenger in an underground organization, several battles in which he was wounded twice, and a break in the telephone cable through which the invaders communicated with Hitler's headquarters in Warsaw. In addition, Valya blew up six railway trains and a warehouse, and in October 1943, while on patrol, he threw grenades at an enemy tank, killed a German officer and warned the detachment in time about the attack, thereby saving the lives of the soldiers. The boy was mortally wounded in the battle for the city of Izyaslav on February 16, 1944. 14 years later he was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. In addition, he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order Patriotic War I degree and medals “Partisan of the Patriotic War” II degree.

Valya Kotik Photo: Wikipedia

2. When the war started, Pete Klype It was the fifteenth year. On June 21, 1941, Petya, together with his friend Kolya Novikov, a boy a year or a year and a half older than him, who was also a student in the music production plant, watched a movie in the Brest Fortress. It was especially crowded there. In the evening, Petya decided not to return home, but to spend the night in the barracks with Kolya, and the next morning the boys were going to go fishing. They did not yet know that they would wake up amid roaring explosions, seeing blood and death around them... The assault on the fortress began on June 22 at three o'clock in the morning. Petya, who jumped out of bed, was thrown against the wall by the explosion. He hit himself hard and lost consciousness. Having come to his senses, the boy immediately grabbed the rifle. He coped with his anxiety and helped his older comrades in everything. During the following days of defense, Petya went on reconnaissance missions, carrying ammunition and medical supplies for the wounded. All the time, risking his life, Petya carried out difficult and dangerous tasks, participated in battles and at the same time was always cheerful, cheerful, constantly humming some kind of song, and the very sight of this daring, cheerful boy raised the spirit of the fighters and added strength to them. What can we say: from childhood he chose a military vocation for himself, looking at his older brother-lieutenant, and wanted to become a commander of the Red Army (from the book by S.S. Smirnov " Brest Fortress" - 1965) By 1941, Petya had already served in the army for several years as a graduate of the regiment and during this time he became a real military man.

When the situation in the fortress became hopeless, they decided to send children and women into captivity to try to save them. When Petya was told about this, the boy was outraged. “Am I not a Red Army soldier?” he asked the commander indignantly. Later, Petya and his comrades managed to swim across the river and break through the German ring. He was taken prisoner, and even there Petya was able to distinguish himself. The guys were assigned to a large column of prisoners of war, which was led across the Bug under strong escort. They were filmed by a group of German cameramen for military chronicles. Suddenly, all black with dust and gunpowder soot, a half-naked and bloodied boy, walking in the first row of the column, raised his fist and threatened directly at the camera lens. It must be said that this act seriously infuriated the Germans. The boy was almost killed. But he remained alive and lived for a long time.

It’s hard to wrap my head around it, but the young hero was imprisoned for not informing on a comrade who committed a crime. He spent seven of his required 25 years in Kolyma.

3. At the beginning of the war, the partisan resistance fighter had only completed 8 classes. The boy had a congenital heart disease, despite this, he went to war. A 15-year-old teenager saved Sevastopol at the cost of his life partisan detachment. On November 10, 1941, he was on patrol. The guy noticed the approach of the enemy. Having warned the squad about the danger, he alone took the battle. Vilor fired back, and when the cartridges ran out, he allowed the enemies to approach him and blew himself up along with the Nazis with a grenade. He was buried in the cemetery of WWII veterans in the village of Dergachi near Sevastopol. After the war, Vilor’s birthday became the Day of Young Defenders of Sevastopol.

4. was the youngest pilot of World War II. He started flying when he was only 14 years old. This is not at all surprising, given that before the boy’s eyes was the example of his father - the famous pilot and military leader N.P. Kamanin. Arkady was born on Far East, and subsequently fought on several fronts: Kalinin - from March 1943; 1st Ukrainian - from June 1943; 2nd Ukrainian - from September 1944. The boy flew to division headquarters, to regimental command posts, and delivered food to the partisans. The teenager was given his first award at the age of 15 - it was the Order of the Red Star. Arkady saved the pilot who crashed an Il-2 attack aircraft in no man's land. Later he was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The boy died at the age of 18 from meningitis. During his, albeit short, life, he flew more than 650 missions and logged 283 hours of flight time.

5. One more young hero Soviet Union - Lenya Golikov- was born in the Novgorod region. When the war came, he graduated from seven classes. Leonid was a scout of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade. He participated in 27 combat operations. Leni Golikov killed 78 Germans, he destroyed 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 food and feed warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition. In addition, he was accompanying a food convoy that was being transported to besieged Leningrad.

USSR postage stamp - Leonid Golikov and Valentin Kotik, Heroes of the Soviet Union Photo: Wikipedia

The feat of Leni Golikov in August 1942 is especially famous. On the 13th, he was returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway, not far from the village of Varnitsa, Strugokrasnensky district. The boy threw a grenade and blew up a car with a German major general engineering troops Richard von Wirtz. The young Hero died in battle on January 24, 1943.

6. died at the age of 15. The pioneer hero was a member of a partisan detachment in Kerch. Together with two other guys, he carried ammunition, water, food to the partisans, and went on reconnaissance missions.

In 1942, the boy volunteered to help his adult comrades - sappers. They cleared the approaches to the quarries. An explosion occurred - a mine exploded, and along with it one of the sappers and Volodya Dubinin. The boy was buried in the partisan grave. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

A city and streets in several localities were named after Volodya, a film was made and two books were written.

7. Marat KaZey was 13 years old when his mother died, and he and his sister joined the partisan detachment. The Germans hanged my mother, Anna Kazei, in Minsk because she hid wounded partisans and treated them.

Marat's sister, Ariadne, had to be evacuated - the girl froze both legs when the partisan detachment left the encirclement, and they had to be amputated. However, the boy refused to be evacuated and remained in service. For courage and courage in battles, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medals “For Courage” (wounded, raised the partisans to attack) and “For Military Merit.” The young partisan died when he was blown up by a grenade. The boy blew himself up so as not to surrender and not bring trouble to the residents of a nearby village.

Already in the first days of the war, while defending the Brest Fortress, a student of the musical platoon, 14-year-old Petya Klypa, distinguished himself. Many pioneers participated in partisan detachments, where they were often used as scouts and saboteurs, as well as in carrying out underground activities; Among the young partisans, Marat Kazei, Volodya Dubinin, Lenya Golikov and Valya Kotik are especially famous (all of them died in battle, except for Volodya Dubinin, who was blown up by a mine; and all of them, except for the older Lenya Golikov, were 13-14 years old at the time of their death) .

There were often cases when teenagers school age fought as part of military units(the so-called “sons and daughters of regiments” - the story of the same name by Valentin Kataev, the prototype of which was 11-year-old Isaac Rakov, is known).

For military services, tens of thousands of children and pioneers were awarded orders and medals:
The Order of Lenin was awarded to Tolya Shumov, Vitya Korobkov, Volodya Kaznacheev; Order of the Red Banner - Volodya Dubinin, Yuliy Kantemirov, Andrey Makarikhin, Kostya Kravchuk;
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - Petya Klypa, Valery Volkov, Sasha Kovalev; Order of the Red Star - Volodya Samorukha, Shura Efremov, Vanya Andrianov, Vitya Kovalenko, Lenya Ankinovich.
Hundreds of pioneers were awarded
medal “Partisan of the Great Patriotic War”,
medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" - over 15,000,
“For the Defense of Moscow” - over 20,000 medals
Four pioneer heroes were awarded the title
Hero of the Soviet Union:
Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova.

There was a war going on. Enemy bombers were buzzing hysterically over the village where Sasha lived. The native land was trampled by the enemy's boot. Sasha Borodulin, a pioneer with the warm heart of a young Leninist, could not put up with this. He decided to fight the fascists. Got a rifle. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took his first battle trophy - a real German machine gun. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. He was responsible for many destroyed vehicles and soldiers. For carrying out dangerous tasks, for showing courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin was awarded awarded the order Red Banner.

Punishers tracked down the partisans. The detachment escaped them for three days, twice broke out of encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called for volunteers to cover the detachment’s retreat. Sasha was the first to step forward. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but the detachment valued every minute that would delay the enemy, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the fascists to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on. The memory of the heroes is eternal!

After the death of her mother, Marat and her older sister Ariadne went to the partisan detachment named after. 25th anniversary of October (November 1942).

When the partisan detachment was leaving the encirclement, Ariadne’s legs were frozen, and therefore she was taken by plane to the mainland, where she had to have both legs amputated. Marat, as a minor, was also offered to evacuate along with his sister, but he refused and remained in the detachment.

Subsequently, Marat was a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade named after. K.K. Rokossovsky. In addition to reconnaissance, he participated in raids and sabotage. For courage and bravery in battles he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medals “For Courage” (wounded, raised partisans to attack) and “For Military Merit”. Returning from reconnaissance and surrounded by Germans, Marat Kazei blew himself up with a grenade.

When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south Leningrad region- the counselor was left high school Anna Petrovna Semenova. To communicate with the partisans, she selected her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. During her six school years, the cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl was awarded books six times with the caption: “For excellent studies.”
The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her counselor, and forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, and food, which were obtained with great difficulty. One day, when a messenger from a partisan detachment did not arrive on time at the meeting place, Galya, half-frozen, made her way into the detachment, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground fighters.
Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground fighters. They kept me in the Gestapo for two months. They beat me severely, threw me into a cell, and in the morning they took me out again for interrogation. Galya didn’t say anything to the enemy, didn’t betray anyone. The young patriot was shot.
The Motherland celebrated the feat of Galya Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, a company held the defense. A boy brought cartridges to the soldiers. His name was Vasya Korobko.
Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by the Nazis.
He makes his way into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely.
The outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out iron brackets, saws down the piles, and at dawn, from a hiding place, watches the bridge collapse under the weight of a fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy’s lair. At the fascist headquarters, he lights the stoves, chops wood, and he takes a closer look, remembers, and passes on information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to a police ambush. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses.
Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons and hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles he was hit by an enemy bullet. The Motherland awarded its little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st degree.

She was executed twice by the Nazis, and for many years her military friends considered Nadya dead. They even erected a monument to her.
It’s hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of “Uncle Vanya” Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects.
The first time she was captured was when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in enemy-occupied Vitebsk on November 7, 1941. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot her, she no longer had any strength left - she fell into the ditch, momentarily outstripping the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in a ditch...
The second time she was captured at the end of 1943. And again torture: they poured ice water on her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis abandoned her when the partisans attacked Karasevo. Local residents came out paralyzed and almost blind. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadya’s sight.
15 years later, she heard on the radio how the intelligence chief of the 6th detachment, Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers would never forget their fallen comrades, and named among them Nadya Bogdanova, who saved his life, a wounded man...
Only then did she show up, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing destiny of a person she, Nadya Bogdanova, was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals.

For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway. bridge over the Drissa River, Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was nominated for a government award. But the Motherland did not have time to present the award to her brave daughter...
The war cut off the girl from hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but was unable to return - the village was occupied by the Nazis. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery and making her way to her own people. And one night she left the village with two older friends.
At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin Brigade, the commander, Major P.V. Ryndin, initially refused to accept “such little ones”: what kind of partisans are they? But how much even very young citizens can do for the Motherland! Girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, the sentries were posted, what German vehicles were moving along the highway, what kind of trains were coming to Pustoshka station and with what cargo.
She also took part in combat operations...
The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. The Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, contains the bitter word: “Posthumously.”

On June 11, 1944, units leaving for the front were lined up in the central square of Kyiv. And before this battle formation, the Decree of the Presidium was read Supreme Council The USSR about awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two battle flags of rifle regiments during the occupation of the city of Kyiv...
Retreating from Kyiv, two wounded soldiers entrusted Kostya with the banners. And Kostya promised to keep them.
At first I buried it in the garden under a pear tree: I thought our people would return soon. But the war dragged on, and, having dug up the banners, Kostya kept them in the barn until he remembered an old, abandoned well outside the city, near the Dnieper. Having wrapped his priceless treasure in burlap and rolled it with straw, he got out of the house at dawn and, with a canvas bag over his shoulder, led a cow to a distant forest. And there, looking around, he hid the bundle in the well, covered it with branches, dry grass, turf...
And throughout the long occupation the pioneer carried out his difficult guard at the banner, although he was caught in a raid, and even fled from the train in which the Kievites were driven away to Germany.
When Kyiv was liberated, Kostya, in a white shirt with a red tie, came to the military commandant of the city and unfurled banners in front of the well-worn and yet amazed soldiers.
On June 11, 1944, the newly formed units leaving for the front were given the rescued Kostya replacements.

Leonid Golikov was born in the village of Lukino, now Parfinsky district, Novgorod region, into a working-class family.
Graduated from 7th grade. He worked at plywood factory No. 2 in the village of Parfino.

Brigade reconnaissance officer of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. He especially distinguished himself during the defeat of German garrisons in the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, and Sever.

In total, he destroyed: 78 Germans, 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 food and fodder warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition. Accompanied a convoy with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the medal “For Courage” and the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal, 2nd degree.

On August 13, 1942, returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway, not far from the village of Varnitsa, Strugokrasnensky district, a grenade blew up a passenger car in which there was German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz. The detachment commander's report indicated that in a shootout Golikov shot the general, the officer and driver accompanying him with a machine gun, but after that, in 1943-1944, General Wirtz commanded the 96th Infantry Division, and in 1945 he was captured by American troops . The intelligence officer delivered a briefcase with documents to the brigade headquarters. These included drawings and descriptions of new models of German mines, inspection reports to higher command and other important military papers. Nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

On January 24, 1943, in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, Leonid Golikov died.

Valya Kotik Born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district. In the fall of 1941, together with his comrades, he killed the head of the field gendarmerie near the town of Shepetovka. In the battle for the city of Izyaslav in the Khmelnitsky region, on February 16, 1944, he was mortally wounded. In 1958, Valya was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Wherever the blue-eyed girl Yuta went, her red tie was always with her...
In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad on vacation to a village near Pskov. Here terrible news overtook Utah: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. At first she was a messenger, then a scout. Dressed as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the fascist headquarters were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns there were.
Returning from a mission, I immediately tied a red tie. And it was as if the strength was increasing! Utah supported the tired soldiers with a sonorous pioneer song and a story about their native Leningrad...
And how happy everyone was, how the partisans congratulated Utah when the message came to the detachment: the blockade had been broken! Leningrad survived, Leningrad won! That day, both Yuta’s blue eyes and her red tie shone as it seems never before.
But the earth was still groaning under the enemy’s yoke, and the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the Estonian partisans. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm of Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, a pioneer who did not part with her red tie, died a heroic death. The Motherland awarded its heroic daughter posthumously with the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

An ordinary black bag would not attract the attention of visitors to a local history museum if it were not for a red tie lying next to it. A boy or girl will involuntarily freeze, an adult will stop, and they will read the yellowed certificate issued by the commissioner
partisan detachment. The fact that the young owner of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped fight the Nazis. There is another reason to stop near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree.
...In the city of Grodno, occupied by the Nazis, a communist underground operated. One of the groups was led by Lida’s father. Contacts of underground fighters and partisans came to him, and each time the commander’s daughter was on duty at the house. From the outside looking in, she was playing. And she peered vigilantly, listened, to see if the policemen, the patrol, were approaching,
and, if necessary, gave a sign to her father. Dangerous? Very. But compared to other tasks, this was almost a game. Lida obtained paper for leaflets by buying a couple of sheets from different stores, often with the help of her friends. A pack will be collected, the girl will hide it at the bottom of a black bag and deliver it to the appointed place. And the next day the whole city reads
words of truth about the victories of the Red Army near Moscow and Stalingrad.
The girl warned the people's avengers about the raids while going around safe houses. She traveled from station to station by train to convey an important message to the partisans and underground fighters. She carried the explosives past the fascist posts in the same black bag, filled to the top with coal and trying not to bend so as not to arouse suspicion - coal is lighter explosives...
This is what kind of bag ended up in the Grodno Museum. And the tie that Lida was wearing in her bosom back then: she couldn’t, didn’t want to part with it.

Every summer, Nina and her younger brother and sister were taken from Leningrad to the village of Nechepert, where fresh air, soft grass, where there is honey and fresh milk... Roar, explosions, flames and smoke hit this quiet region in the fourteenth summer of the pioneer Nina Kukoverova. War! From the first days of the arrival of the Nazis, Nina became a partisan intelligence officer. I remembered everything I saw around me and reported it to the detachment.
A punitive detachment is located in the village of the mountain, all approaches are blocked, even the most experienced scouts cannot get through. Nina volunteered to go. She walked for a dozen kilometers through a snow-covered plain and field. The Nazis did not pay attention to the chilled, tired girl with a bag, but nothing escaped her attention - neither the headquarters, nor the fuel depot, nor the location of the sentries. And when the partisan detachment set out on a campaign at night, Nina walked next to the commander as a scout, as a guide. That night, fascist warehouses flew into the air, the headquarters burst into flames, and the punitive forces fell, struck down by fierce fire.
Nina, a pioneer who was awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree, went on combat missions more than once.
The young heroine died. But the memory of Russia’s daughter is alive. She was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. Nina Kukoverova is forever included in her pioneer squad.

He dreamed of heaven when he was just a boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And my father’s friend, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov, is always nearby. There was something to make the boy's heart burn. But they didn’t let him fly, they told him to grow up.
When the war began, he went to work for aircraft factory, then the airfield was used in any case to take to the skies. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, sometimes trusted him to fly the plane. One day the cockpit glass was broken by an enemy bullet. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to hand over control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield.
After this, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying, and soon he began to fly on his own.
One day, from above, a young pilot saw our plane shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, carried the pilot into his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old.
Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis until the victory. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!

1941... In the spring, Volodya Kaznacheev graduated from fifth grade. In the fall he joined the partisan detachment.
When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “What a reinforcement!..” True, having learned that they were from Solovyanovka, the children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratyevna was killed by the Nazis).
In the squad there was " partisan school"Future miners and demolitions were trained there. Volodya mastered this science perfectly and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He also had to cover the group’s retreat, stopping the pursuers with grenades...
He was a liaison; he often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; After waiting until dark, he posted leaflets. From operation to operation he became more experienced and skillful.
The Nazis placed a reward on the head of partisan Kzanacheev, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside the adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from the fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with the adults the glory of the hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

The Brest Fortress was the first to take the enemy's blow. Bombs and shells exploded, walls collapsed, people died both in the fortress and in the city of Brest. From the first minutes, Valya’s father went into battle. He left and did not return, died a hero, like many defenders of the Brest Fortress.
And the Nazis forced Valya to make her way into the fortress under fire in order to convey to its defenders the demand to surrender. Valya made her way into the fortress, talked about the atrocities of the Nazis, explained what weapons they had, indicated their location and stayed to help our soldiers. She bandaged the wounded, collected cartridges and brought them to the soldiers.
There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by sip. The thirst was painful, but Valya again and again refused her sip: the wounded needed water. When the command of the Brest Fortress decided to take the children and women out from under fire and transport them to the other side of the Mukhavets River - there was no other way to save their lives - the little nurse Valya Zenkina asked to be left with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she vowed to continue the fight against the enemy until complete victory.
And Valya kept her vow. Various trials befell her. But she survived. She survived. And she continued her struggle in the partisan detachment. She fought bravely, along with adults. For courage and bravery, the Motherland awarded its young daughter the Order of the Red Star.

Pioneer Vitya Khomenko passed his heroic path of struggle against the fascists in the underground organization “Nikolaev Center”.
...Vitya’s German at school was “excellent,” and the underground members instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officers’ mess. He washed dishes, sometimes served officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the fascists blurted out information that was of great interest to the Nikolaev Center.
The officers began sending the fast, smart boy on errands, and soon he was made a messenger at headquarters. It could never have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by underground workers at the turnout...
Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received the task of crossing the front line to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters partisan movement, they reported the situation and talked about what they observed along the way.
Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground fighters. And again fight without fear or hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground members were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died as heroes.
The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland to its fearless son. The school where he studied is named after Vitya Khomenko.

Zina Portnova was born on February 20, 1926 in the city of Leningrad into a working-class family. Belarusian by nationality. Graduated from 7th grade.

At the beginning of June 1941 she arrived at school break to the village of Zui, near Obol station, Shumilinsky district Vitebsk region. After the Nazi invasion of the USSR, Zina Portnova found herself in occupied territory. Since 1942, a member of the Obol underground organization "Young Avengers", whose leader was future hero Soviet Union E. S. Zenkova, member of the organization committee. While underground she was accepted into the Komsomol.

She participated in the distribution of leaflets among the population and sabotage against the invaders. While working in the canteen of a retraining course for German officers, at the direction of the underground, she poisoned the food (more than a hundred officers died). During the proceedings, wanting to prove to the Germans that she was not involved, she tried the poisoned soup. Miraculously, she survived.

Since August 1943, scout of the partisan detachment named after. K. E. Voroshilova. In December 1943, returning from a mission to find out the reasons for the failure of the Young Avengers organization, she was captured in the village of Mostishche and identified by a certain Anna Khrapovitskaya. During one of the interrogations at the Gestapo in the village of Goryany (Belarus), she grabbed the investigator’s pistol from the table, shot him and two other Nazis, tried to escape, and was captured. After torture, she was shot in a prison in Polotsk (according to another version, in the village of Goryany, now Polotsk district, Vitebsk region of Belarus).

On February 11, 1930, Valya Kotik was born - the youngest Hero of the Soviet Union, a young partisan intelligence officer. Along with him, many children performed exploits during the war. We decided to remember a few more pioneer heroes of World War II.

Valya Kotik

1. Valya Kotik was born into a peasant family in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district in the Kamenets-Podolsk region of Ukraine. This territory was occupied by German troops. When the war began, Valya had just entered the sixth grade. However, he accomplished many feats. At first, he worked to collect weapons and ammunition, drew and posted caricatures of the Nazis. Then the teenager was entrusted with more meaningful work. The boy's record includes work as a messenger in an underground organization, several battles in which he was wounded twice, and a break in the telephone cable through which the invaders communicated with Hitler's headquarters in Warsaw. In addition, Valya blew up six railway trains and a warehouse, and in October 1943, while on patrol, he threw grenades at an enemy tank, killed a German officer and warned the detachment in time about the attack, thereby saving the lives of the soldiers. The boy was mortally wounded in the battle for the city of Izyaslav on February 16, 1944. 14 years later he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 2nd degree.

Peter Klypa

2. When the war began, Petya Klypa was fifteen years old. On June 21, 1941, Petya, together with his friend Kolya Novikov, a boy a year or a year and a half older than him, who was also a student in the music production plant, watched a movie in the Brest Fortress. It was especially crowded there. In the evening, Petya decided not to return home, but to spend the night in the barracks with Kolya, and the next morning the boys were going to go fishing. They did not yet know that they would wake up amid roaring explosions, seeing blood and death around them... The assault on the fortress began on June 22 at three o'clock in the morning. Petya, who jumped out of bed, was thrown against the wall by the explosion. He hit himself hard and lost consciousness. Having come to his senses, the boy immediately grabbed the rifle. He coped with his anxiety and helped his older comrades in everything. During the following days of defense, Petya went on reconnaissance missions, carrying ammunition and medical supplies for the wounded. All the time, risking his life, Petya carried out difficult and dangerous tasks, participated in battles and at the same time was always cheerful, cheerful, constantly humming some kind of song, and the very sight of this daring, cheerful boy raised the spirit of the fighters and added strength to them. What can we say: from childhood he chose a military vocation for himself, looking at his older brother-lieutenant, and wanted to become the commander of the Red Army (from the book “Brest Fortress” by S.S. Smirnov - 1965). By 1941, Petya had already served for several years in the army as a graduate of the regiment and during this time became a real military man.
When the situation in the fortress became hopeless, they decided to send children and women into captivity to try to save them. When Petya was told about this, the boy was outraged. “Am I not a Red Army soldier?” he asked the commander indignantly. Later, Petya and his comrades managed to swim across the river and break through the German ring. He was taken prisoner, and even there Petya was able to distinguish himself. The guys were assigned to a large column of prisoners of war, which was being led across the Bug under strong escort. They were filmed by a group of German cameramen for military chronicles. Suddenly, all black with dust and gunpowder soot, a half-naked and bloodied boy, walking in the first row of the column, raised his fist and threatened directly at the camera lens. It must be said that this act seriously infuriated the Germans. The boy was almost killed. But he remained alive and lived for a long time.
It’s hard to wrap my head around it, but the young hero was imprisoned for not informing on a comrade who committed a crime. He spent seven of his required 25 years in Kolyma.

Vilor Chekmak

3. Partisan resistance fighter Vilor Chekmak had just finished 8th grade at the beginning of the war. The boy had a congenital heart disease, despite this, he went to war. A 15-year-old teenager saved the Sevastopol partisan detachment at the cost of his life. On November 10, 1941, he was on patrol. The guy noticed the approach of the enemy. Having warned the squad about the danger, he alone took the battle. Vilor fired back, and when the cartridges ran out, he allowed the enemies to approach him and blew himself up along with the Nazis with a grenade. He was buried in the cemetery of WWII veterans in the village of Dergachi near Sevastopol. After the war, Vilor’s birthday became the Day of Young Defenders of Sevastopol.

Arkady Kamanin

4. Arkady Kamanin was the youngest pilot of World War II. He started flying when he was only 14 years old. This is not at all surprising, given that before the boy’s eyes was the example of his father - the famous pilot and military leader N.P. Kamanin. Arkady was born in the Far East, and subsequently fought on several fronts: Kalinin - from March 1943; 1st Ukrainian - from June 1943; 2nd Ukrainian - from September 1944. The boy flew to division headquarters, to regimental command posts, and delivered food to the partisans. The teenager was given his first award at the age of 15 - it was the Order of the Red Star. Arkady saved the pilot who crashed an Il-2 attack aircraft in no man's land. Later he was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The boy died at the age of 18 from meningitis. During his, albeit short, life, he flew more than 650 missions and logged 283 hours of flight time.

Lenya Golikov

5. Another young Hero of the Soviet Union - Lenya Golikov - was born in the Novgorod region. When the war came, he graduated from seven classes. Leonid was a scout of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade. He participated in 27 combat operations. Leni Golikov killed 78 Germans, he destroyed 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 food and feed warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition. In addition, he was accompanying a food convoy that was being transported to besieged Leningrad.
The feat of Leni Golikov in August 1942 is especially famous. On the 13th, he was returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway, not far from the village of Varnitsa, Strugokrasnensky district. The boy threw a grenade and blew up a car with German Engineering Major General Richard von Wirtz. The young Hero died in battle on January 24, 1943.

Volodya Dubinin

6. Volodya Dubinin died at the age of 15. The pioneer hero was a member of a partisan detachment in Kerch. Together with two other guys, he carried ammunition, water, food to the partisans, and went on reconnaissance missions.
In 1942, the boy volunteered to help his adult comrades - sappers. They cleared the approaches to the quarries. An explosion occurred - a mine exploded, and along with it one of the sappers and Volodya Dubinin. The boy was buried in the partisan grave. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
A city and streets in several localities were named after Volodya, a film was made and two books were written.

Marat with his sister Ariadna

7. Marat Kazei was 13 years old when his mother died, and he and his sister joined the partisan detachment. The Germans hanged my mother, Anna Kazei, in Minsk because she hid wounded partisans and treated them.
Marat's sister, Ariadne, had to be evacuated - the girl froze both legs when the partisan detachment left the encirclement, and they had to be amputated. However, the boy refused to be evacuated and remained in service. For courage and courage in battles, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medals “For Courage” (wounded, raised the partisans to attack) and “For Military Merit.” The young partisan died when he was blown up by a grenade. The boy blew himself up so as not to surrender and not bring trouble to the residents of a nearby village.

Class hour

"Pioneer heroes during the Great Patriotic War."

Target:

Intensify interest in the history of the Great Patriotic War

To promote the formation of ideas about the courage, resilience and heroism of boys and girls who stood up to defend the country

To foster a sense of pride for the feat of little defenders of the Fatherland

· Familiarize students with the names of the children of war heroes.

· To form an idea of ​​the exploits of children during the Second World War.

· Development of creative abilities.

Progress of the lesson

Teacher's introduction:

On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany treacherously attacked the USSR. Having created an overwhelming superiority in the direction of the attacks, the aggressor broke through the defenses Soviet troops, seized strategic initiative and air superiority. Border battles and the initial period of the war (until mid-July) generally led to the defeat of the Red Army. She lost 850 thousand people killed and wounded, over 9.5 thousand guns. 6 thousand tanks, approx. 3.5 thousand aircraft; approx. were captured. 1 million people. The enemy occupied a significant part of the country, advanced up to 300-600 km, losing 100 thousand people killed, almost 40% of tanks and 950 aircraft.
...Our Russia had to take part in many wars, but such a terrible, difficult, bloody one as the war of the years. -- did not have. This war was special, it was about life and death of everything Soviet people. Therefore, everyone took part in the war! And not only on the front line.
Women who remained behind with their children also took part in the war. They endured incredibly hard work, working in production and agriculture in the country, supplying the front with all the necessary weapons and food.
Children, quickly growing up, worked equally with adults, replacing their fathers and older brothers and sisters who had gone to the front to defend their homeland from the enemy. It was a difficult time for everyone. And in the rear too.
During the Great Patriotic War, more than 300 thousand young patriots, sons and daughters, along with adults, fought for our Motherland with weapons in their hands. Children at war. At first glance, there is something unnatural and incompatible in these words. Of course, it is not easy to remember what we experienced, but it is very important for us, modern children, to comprehend the lessons of the Great Patriotic War, to gain that invaluable heroic experience that the people acquired during those terrible years. Only the memory of the people connects the past with the future. And in this sense, the memories of the participants

wars, sometimes involuntary - that is, children, are now ambassadors for us from the past and present of humanity to its future. And the topic of the exploits of children in the Great Patriotic War is covered only in memoirs. Putting aside the unread books, the young patriots had to pick up rifles and grenades. The children became sons of regiments, participated in the partisan movement, and were scouts. The war took away their home and childhood.

Student performances:

All people who defended the honor of our country can rightfully be called heroes. But among the young pioneers, we especially highlight the names of those who were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. These are Lenya Golikov, Zina Portnova, Valya Kotik and Marat Kazei.

Lenya Golikov.

April 2" href="/text/category/2_aprelya/" rel="bookmark">April 2, 1944, an order was published to award Lena Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Zina Portnova.

Young Avengers." She participated in daring operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance.

On instructions from a partisan detachment, Zina got a job as a dishwasher in a German canteen. She was tasked with adding poison to the food. It was very difficult because the German chef didn't trust her. But one day he went away for a while, and Zina was able to fulfill her plans. By evening, many officers felt

Badly. Naturally, the first suspicion fell on the Russian girl. Zina was summoned for questioning, but she denied everything. Then Zina was forced to try the food. Zina knew perfectly well that the soup was poisoned, but not a muscle on her face moved. She calmly took the spoon and began to eat. Zina was released. In the evening, she ran away to her grandmother, from where she was urgently transported to the detachment, where she was given the necessary help.

In 1943, returning from another mission, Zina was captured. The Nazis maliciously tortured her, but Zina said nothing. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and shot point-blank at the Gestapo man. The officer who ran to the shot was also killed. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her. The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but before last minute remained unbending. And the Motherland posthumously awarded her its highest title - Hero of the Soviet Union.

Valya Kotik.

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When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his brother and mother, went to the partisans. At the age of 14, he fought on par with adults. He is responsible for 6 enemy trains blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 2nd degree and the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree.

His homeland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Marat Kazei.

When the war fell on Belarusian soil, Marat and his mother joined the partisan detachment. The enemy was fierce. Soon Marat learned that his mother was hanged in Minsk. He became a scout, penetrated enemy garrisons and obtained valuable information. Using this data, the partisans

developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk.

Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up and himself.

For his courage and bravery, pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And in the city of Minsk a monument to the young hero was erected.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

On October 31, 1941, Zoya, among 2,000 Komsomol volunteers, came to the gathering place at the Colosseum cinema and from there was taken to the sabotage school, becoming a fighter in the reconnaissance and sabotage unit, officially called the “partisan unit of the 9903 headquarters Western Front" After a short training, Zoya, as part of the group, was transferred to the Volokolamsk area on November 4, where the group successfully completed the task (mining a road).

On November 17, Stalin’s order No. 000 was issued, ordering to deprive the “German army of the opportunity to be located in villages and cities, drive the German invaders out of all populated areas into the cold fields, smoke them out of all rooms and warm shelters and force them to freeze in the open air,” with this the goal of “destroying and burning to the ground everything settlements in the rear German troops at a distance of 40-60 km in depth from the front edge and 20-30 km to the right and left of the roads.”

On November 27 at 2 o'clock in the morning, Boris Krainev, Vasily Klubkov and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya set fire to three houses in Petrishchevo, in which they were located German officers and soldiers; At the same time, the Germans lost 20 horses.

Zoya was noticed, she was interrogated, mocked, but she did not say anything. In the morning she was hanged in front of everyone. She bravely withstood everything and when she was hanged, she called to fight against the fascists.

Son of a tank regiment Yuri Vashurin

Without saying a word to his father, Yura left with the tankers and became the “son of the regiment.” They sewed a uniform, put him on full pay with one hundred grams of front-line tobacco and tobacco, which the adults took from him in a funny way, with jokes. But they always gave him something from trophies and were very protective of him.

The reconnaissance unit, which included 10-year-old soldier Vashurin, came forward and, cut off by the Germans, was surrounded. The soldiers took the fire upon themselves, and he, a nimble sly, was sent with an oral report about the position of the company to his own - for reinforcements. Everything was done accurately and on time - he saved nine reconnaissance company soldiers from certain death.

Koenigsberg fell, like many dozens of other German cities.

A young soldier of World War II, having overcome all difficulties, became a highly qualified specialist computer systems, by the way, the first in Ulyanovsk to win the State Prize.

Since 1966 he has lived in Ulyanovsk. Leads an active social activities. Having mastered computer literacy perfectly, he taught this difficult task to hundreds of people of all ages.

The fate of children in fascist concentration camps and prisons

The German leadership has created a wide network various types camps for holding prisoners of war (both Soviet and citizens of other states) and forcibly enslaved citizens of occupied countries.

The masses of murdered children, before their painful death, were used in barbaric ways as living experimental material for inhumane experiments of “Aryan medicine.” The Germans organized a factory of children's blood for the needs of the German army, a slave market was formed, where children were sold in

slavery to local owners. The terrible hour for children and mothers in the concentration camp came when the Nazis, having lined up mothers with children in the middle of the camp, forcibly tore the babies away from the unfortunate mothers. Children, starting from infancy, were kept by the Germans separately and strictly isolated. The children in a separate barracks were in the state of small animals, deprived of even primitive care. 5-7 year old girls looked after the infants. Every day, German guards carried out the frozen corpses of dead children from the children's barracks in large baskets. They were dumped into cesspools, burned outside the camp fence, and partially buried in the forest near the camp. Mass continuous mortality of children was caused by experiments for which juvenile prisoners of Salaspils were used as laboratory animals, where the Germans killed at least 7,000 children, partly burned and partly buried in the garrison cemetery. The extermination of children also took place in the Gestapo and prisons. The dirty and smelly prison cells were never ventilated or heated, even in the most severe frosts. On dirty, cold floors, infested with various insects, unhappy mothers were forced to watch the gradual decline of their children. 100 grams of bread and half a liter of water - that’s all their meager ration for the day.

Children are home front workers

Children left behind in years of the war, began their career at an early age. They honestly fulfilled their duty as wartime home front workers and did everything possible, together with adults, to provide the front with everything necessary. Boys and girls released early from vocational schools came to the factories. Many of them stood on stands to reach the levers of their machines. Teenage workers worked in unbearable conditions. Hungry, exhausted, they did not leave the frozen workshops for 12-14 hours and contributed to the defeat of the enemy

Half-starved, half-naked, there wasn’t even enough bread. They studied in the winter, but they didn’t have to study for long; they had to help their mothers feed themselves and their younger brothers and sisters. They learned peasant labor early, they knew how to harness a horse and an ox and milk a cow. And all this at 12-13 years old. “Everything for the front, Everything for Victory”: they were so eager to bring Victory over the enemy closer, they helped as much as they could.

Final words from the teacher.

Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped elders, played, ran and jumped, broke our noses and knees. Only their relatives, classmates and friends knew their names.
THE HOUR HAS COME, AND THEY SHOWED HOW HUGE A LITTLE CHILDREN CAN BECOME WHEN LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND AND HATE FOR ITS ENEMIES FLASHES IN HIM.

The generation of children of war, not only at the front, but also in the rear, having overcome the trials of the hard times of war, showed that it is impossible to defeat the Country that raised and educated such heroic youth! Children, quickly growing up, worked equally with adults, replacing their fathers and older brothers and sisters who had gone to the front to defend their homeland from the enemy.

Young heroes remained part of the Soviet past, which began with books and television films about young partisans. Over the years, pioneer heroes have turned from mere mortals into signs and symbols. But here’s what we shouldn’t forget: these 13-17 year olds really died. Someone blew himself up with the last grenade, someone was shot by the advancing Germans, someone was hanged. These guys, for whom the words “patriotism”, “feat”, “valor”, “self-sacrifice”, “honor”, ​​“homeland” were absolute concepts, have earned the right to everything. Except oblivion.