Plan for syntactic parsing of complex sentences. Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence. Sample analysis of a complex sentence
Parsing order
1. Select parts of the sentence (main and subordinate clauses), mark the boundaries.
2. Indicate what the subordinate clause explains (the main clause as a whole or separately)
specific word, which one, indicate the part of speech of this word).
3. Indicate what question the subordinate part answers and what is the means of syntax
logical connection (union, allied word).
4. Determine the type of subordinate clause.
5. Explain punctuation marks.
6. Make a diagram.
7. Parse each part as a simple sentence.
A complex sentence with several subordinate clauses is parsed according to overall plan complex sentence, but in this case it is necessary to indicate the type of subordination (homogeneous, parallel, sequential) or a combination of these types.
Sample analysis of a complex sentence
1) Who does not recognize, 2) What That , 3) why Lermontov requires from the poet,
2) his vocations? (V. Belinsky)
1. The proposal consists of three parts:
1) - main;
2) - subordinate clause;
3) - subordinate clause.
The first clause - the clause of the first degree - explains the main clause; the second subordinate clause - a subordinate clause of the second degree - refers to the first subordinate clause and explains the subject in it That, expressed by a pronoun. The method of communication is sequential submission.
2. The subordinate clause of the first degree answers the question what about?, is attached to the main
new proposal by the union What. The subordinate clause of the second degree answers the question
pros k a k o e?, is attached to the subordinate clause of the first degree by a conjunctive word
what.
3. The subordinate clause of the first degree is explanatory. Subordinate clause of the second degree
nor - pronominal-definitive.
4. A subordinate clause of the first degree is separated from the main sentence by a comma. By-
since the second degree clause stands inside the first clause, it
separated by commas on both sides.
The purpose of a complex sentence is interrogative, which is why a question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.
what? which?
, (2 what That, (3 what), 2)?
add. I degree add. II degree
6. Each part of a complex sentence is parsed as a simple sentence.
| TYPES OF SUBJECT CLAUSES | |||
| Types of subordinate clauses | Questions | Connection method | Examples |
| Determinatives refer to the noun, are always found after the main clause or inside the main clause | Which? | Conjunctive words: what, who, which, where, where, where... | Egorushka is in hope, that the cloud passes by, looked out of the rouge. |
| Explanatory clauses refer to words with the meaning of speech in the main sentence (says, ask, answer), thoughts (think, reflect), feelings (rejoice, sorry, for the sake of etc. ) | Questions about oblique cases | Conjunctions and allied words: what, as if, so, whether, etc. | We knew it, that Petka brought only two crucian carp, but were silent. |
| Circumstantial ones replace the position of circumstances of various kinds and answer questions characteristic of the circumstances. | |||
| 1. Places | Where? Where? Where? | Conjunctive words: where, where, from where | Trees all around everywhere you look, were gold. |
| 2. Time | When? From what time? Until what time? | When, since then, barely, as soon as | Only sometimes, when it came to the fronts, the stranger fell silent. |
| 3.Terms | Under what conditions? | If, if...then | If it starts to rain, the tents will have to be moved higher. |
| 4. Reasons | Why? For what reason? | Because, because, since, for | It was probably a bear because the elk does not scream like that and only in the fall. |
| 5. Goals | For what purpose? For what? | to | To avoid getting lost, I decided to return to the path. |
| 6. Consequences | As a result what happened? | So | The snow became whiter, so it hurt my eyes. |
| 7. Mode of action | How? How? | as if, exactly, as if | The old man said this: like it was very cold. |
| 8. Measures and degrees | To what extent? In what degree? To what extent? | what, how, how much | The racer returned faster than we expected. |
| 9. Comparisons | Like what? Like who? Than what? Than who? | how, what, as if, as if... | The three of us started talking, as if we had known each other for centuries. |
| 10. Concessions | Despite What? | although, despite, even though, even though | This house was called an inn, although there was no one near him. |
| COMPOUND SUBJECTIVES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES | ||
| Subordination type | Definition | Example |
| Sequential | The first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main one, and the rest are sequential one after another | The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears, because they were afraid of their father, who was also somewhat embarrassed, although I tried not to show it. |
| Parallel | Subordinate clauses refer to different words of the same main word. | When the chaise was already at the end of the village, Chichikov called the first man to him, who, having picked up a very thick log somewhere on the road, was dragging it on his shoulders. |
| Homogeneous Subordination | Subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main clause and answer the same question. | Yegorushka saw how little by little the sky darkened, how the darkness fell to the ground, how the stars lit up one after another. |
| Heterogeneous Subordination | Subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main clause, but answer different questions | I should have hired bulls to pull the cart up this damn mountain because it was icy. |
| Combined submission | This is a subordination in which some subordinate clauses are sequentially subordinate to each other, others - in parallel, homogeneously or heterogeneously. | In the air, everywhere you look, whole clouds of snowflakes are spinning, so you won't understand , whether it snows from the sky or from the ground. |
| SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES | |
| Parsing order | Sample parsing |
| 1. Select parts of the sentence (main and subordinate clauses), mark the boundaries. | 1) 2. Indicate what the subordinate clause explains (the main sentence as a whole or a separate word, which one, indicate the part of speech of this word). 3. Indicate what question the subordinate clause answers and what the means of syntactic connection is (conjunction, allied word)., 2) What That , 3) why Lermontov requires from the poet, 2) 4. Determine the type of subordinate clause. his vocations? 5. Explain punctuation marks. That 6. Make a diagram. What 7. Parse each part as a simple sentence. what. |
| Parsing order | Sample parsing |
| 3. The subordinate clause of the first degree is explanatory. The subordinate clause of the second degree is pronominal and attributive. That 4. A subordinate clause of the first degree is separated from the main sentence by a comma. Since the second-degree clause stands inside the first clause, it is separated by commas on both sides. |
| A complex sentence, according to the purpose of the statement, is interrogative, therefore a question mark is placed at the end of the sentence. | |||||
| № what? which? 5. , (2 what | , (3 what), 2)? add. I degree add. II degree 6. Each part of a complex sentence is parsed as a simple sentence. TYPES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES | p/p | View subordinate | nogo Question | Example |
| Means | communications | Meaning subordinate clause | Determinative | WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? Conjunctive words: which, which, whose, who, what, where, where, where, whence Is a definition in relation to a noun or pronoun in the main part | |
| “You don’t need to bore your neighbors with continuous jokes, witticisms and anecdotes that have already been told by someone to your listeners” | (According to D.S. Likhachev). | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” (D.S. Likhachev) Explanatory QUESTIONS OF INDIRECT CASES | Unions: | what, how, whether, as if, so as not Conjunctive words: | |
| what, how, who, where, which, where, why, how much | Refers to the verb in the main clause and expresses additional explanation | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” “I am convinced that our true upbringing is manifested first of all at home, in relations with our relatives.” Explanatory (According to D.S. Likhachev) | Mode of action, degree | HOW? HOW? IN WHAT DEGREE? Conjunctive words: | |
| so that, as if, exactly, as if, as if... | how, how much | Meaning Refers to a verb, adverb, adjective, noun in the main and expresses the meaning of the manner of action, degree | “Behave in such a way that modesty and the ability to remain silent come first” | Places Conjunctive words: | |
| WHERE? WHERE? WHERE? | where, where, where | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” Specifying the location | “Intelligence is present where respect for others, the world, and nature is manifested” | Time WHEN? HOW LONG? SINCE WHEN? | |
| when, while, barely, only, since, as long as, while, before, as | Clarification of validity period | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” As the culture of humanity moves forward, new values are added to the old ones, increasing their value for today | (According to D.S. Likhachev) | “If he is polite with his acquaintances, but gets irritated with his family on every occasion,–he is an uneducated person" | |
| № what? which? 5. , (2 what | , (3 what), 2)? add. I degree add. II degree 6. Each part of a complex sentence is parsed as a simple sentence. TYPES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES | p/p | View subordinate | nogo Question | Example |
| as soon as | (D.S. Likhachev) | ||||
| Causes | WHY? FROM WHAT? | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, for, since | Explanation of the reason | “...I address myself mainly to the man, to the head of the family, because a woman really needs to give way... not only at the door”(According to D.S. Likhachev). | |
| Goals | FOR WHAT? FOR WHAT? FOR WHAT PURPOSE? | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” so that, in order to, in order that, if only, if only | The purpose of the action called the verb-predicate | “...there is no need to noisily put your fork on the plate, noisily sip soup, talk loudly at dinner or talk with your mouth full so that your neighbors do not have concerns”(D.S. Likhachev). | |
| Comparative | HOW? | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” as, as if, exactly, as if, as if, similarly, likewise, that, than, rather than | Comparison of two actions, states | “Being able to apologize and admit a mistake to others is better than fussing, lying, thereby beckoning first of all to himself"(According to D.S. Likha-chev) | |
| Concessive | DESPITE WHAT? DESPITE WHAT? | “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to take others into account...” although, at least, let, let, yes-rum that, despite the fact that. Conjunctive words: what is NOT, who is NOT, how is NOR, where is NOR, when is NOR. | An indication of what the action is being performed against | “Despite the fact that we are overwhelmed by petty worries and the bustle of everyday life, we must be able to be open and tolerant of people.” Conjunctive words: | |
| Consequences | Union: So | Consequence, conclusion, conclusion | “It is in youth that a person’s mind is most receptive to the acquisition of knowledge, so do not waste time on trifles, on “rest”(According to D.S. Likhachev) | ||
| Attachment | Meaning What(in nominative and indirect cases: what, what, why), why, why, why | Additional Information, remarks, to all the main things | “A person brings good to people, alleviating their suffering from illness, which gives him the opportunity to receive real joy”(According to D.S. Likha-chev). We were already tiptoeing in the corridor, which surprised my sister. |
Analysis plan:
Complex.
The number of parts in a complex complex, their boundaries (highlight grammatical bases in simple sentences).
Means of communication between parts (indicate conjunctions and determine the meaning of a complex sentence).
Proposal outline.
Sample parsing:
Was winter, but that's all last days stood thaw. (I. Bunin).
(Narrative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, compound, consists of two parts, opposition is expressed between the first and second parts, the parts are connected by an adversative conjunction But.)
Offer outline:
1 but 2.
The order of syntactic parsing of a complex sentence
Analysis plan:
Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).
Type of offer by emotional coloring(exclamation or non-exclamation).
Complex.
Main and subordinate parts.
What does the subordinate clause spread?
What is the subordinate clause attached to?
Location of the subordinate part.
Type of subordinate part.
Complex sentence diagram.
Sample parsing:
When she played downstairs on the piano 1, I got up And listened 2 . (A.P. Chekhov)
(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, complex, consists of two parts. The 2nd part is the main one, the 1st is the subordinate part, the subordinate part extends the main part and joins it with a conjunction When, the subordinate part is located before the main one, the type of subordinate part is the subordinate clause).
Offer outline:
(union when...) 1, [...] 2.
subordinate clause
Noun.. verb. union of places Verb.
ex. adj. noun Travelers saw , What They are on small clearing
[ ____ . (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with explanatory adjective, 1) non-distributive, two-part, complete. 2) distribution, two-part, full).
], (What…).
Analysis plan:
Type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
Non-Union.
Proposal outline.
Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).
The order of syntactic parsing of a non-conjunctive complex sentence
Sample parsing:
Number of parts (highlight grammatical basics in simple sentences).
The song ended 1 - the usual applause was heard 2. (I.S. Turgenev)
Offer outline:
(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union, consists of two parts, the first part indicates the time of action of what is said in the second part, a dash is placed between the parts.)
1. Punctuation marks in BSC:
Simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence are separated from each other by commas
There is no comma:
1) In BSC with conjunctions I, if there is a common minor member or a common subordinate clause:
2) In the BSC with the union I, if parts of the BSC are interrogative, exclamatory or denominative sentences:
3) In the BSC with the union I, if there is a common introductory word:
2. If parts of the BSC are significantly common and have commas inside them, then they are separated from each other by a semicolon:
3. If the second part of the sentence indicates a rapid change of events, a conclusion, then a dash is placed between the two parts of the sentence:
1. Write out a sentence from the text.
2. Determine the type of sentence based on the purpose of the statement.
3. We indicate the type by emotional coloring.
4. Find grammatical basics and emphasize them.
5. We build a proposal diagram. lighthouse rushed by over the flowers, and they seemed absolutely fantastic by its color.
1) The sentence is complex, narrative, non-exclamatory.
2) The first grammatical basis - the light flashed by. 5. We build a proposal diagram.– subject, expressed by noun. m.r., im. p., units Spilled– predicate, expressed by ch. past vr., will express. n., units h.
The second grammatical basis is they seemed fantastic. They– subject, expressed places. 3rd l., pl. h. Seemed fantastic– compound nominal predicate, expressed ch. it also seemed to be a nominal part - an adjective fantastic.
3) Sentence scheme: , and .
6. Complex sentences
Complex sentences contain a main and subordinate part, connected by a conjunction or a conjunctive word. The main part of the IPP may contain indicative words.
Punctuation marks in NGN with multiple clauses
1. Between the parts of the SPP is usually placed comma.
The comma is placed:
1. Between homogeneous subordinate clauses:
a) without coordinating conjunctions:
I understood , What Lying in bed, What I am sick.
2. Between subordinate clauses with sequential subordination when combining two subordinating conjunctions what if, what when:
I held on she with such dignity what, when filed a glass poured for me, Ifelt need to get up.
Simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence are separated from each other by commas
1. Between homogeneous subordinate clauses with single ones coordinating conjunctions And , yes, or, either:
He apparently this is did just because What Olenin awkwardSo what he's lonely among the Cossacks.
Across the sky peeled off thick clouds, and although walked only third hour day, But was already dark.
, And (Although (), But).
Dash is placed if the subordinate clause (explanatory, conditional, concessional, temporary) comes before the main part: If have you met this man - Tell. How Working – I myself Don't know.
Comma and dash An IPP is placed between parts if there is a number of homogeneous subordinate clauses in front of the main part:
Where no matter what I am how No matter how hard I tried to have fun, all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.
1. Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring.
2. Highlight the grammatical basics.
3. Select the main and subordinate parts. Determine the type of subordinate clause.
4. We build graphic diagram offers.
Alyosha feels, What All on him are watching And love his.
1) Narrative, non-exclamatory
2) Alyosha feels- the first grammatical basis.
Subject Alyosha expressed by noun, im., n. simple verbal predicate feels expressed ch. present vr., will express. n., 3rd l., units. h.
Everyone looks and loves– the second grammatical basis. Subject All will expressly determine. pronoun, Im. n. Homogeneous simple verbal predicates look and love expressed ch. present vr., will express. n., 3rd l., pl. h.
3) The first part is the main one, since from it you can ask the question Alyosha feels (what?). Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a conjunction What. The subordinate clause refers to the predicate in the first part and answers the case question. Therefore, this is an explanatory clause.
Syntactic analysis of sentences (generalization).
In the Unified State Examination task in the Russian language, a complex sentence is usually offered for analysis, which, of course, does not exclude the possibility of analyzing a simple complicated sentence. Let's visualize brief information about the differences between simple and types of complex sentences, the knowledge of which you will need to successfully complete the task.
Rule.
| offer | quantitygrammatical basics | Construction Features | Main features (means of communication, if any) |
| 1. Simple sentence | one grammatical basis | It may be complicated or uncomplicated, but it will still be considered simple, For example: Subject + homogeneous predicates; Me or I’ll burst into tears, or scream, or faint. Homogeneous subjects + plural predicate; The gardens were blooming apple, pear, cherry and plum trees. Grammatical basis + participial phrase/participial phrase; Road, cobblestone, climbed the shaft. Having seen off my comrades Anya stood silently for a long time. Introductory words, phrases and constructions; inserted constructions (incidental instructions, remarks that stand out from the syntactic structure). They may have a grammatical basis, but not included (!) included in the proposal. As the old-timers say , the winter will be snowy. I did not understand ( now I understand), what I did with the creatures close to me. |
- |
| 2. Complex composition. | minimum two grammar basics | The stems are connected to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions. The bases are equal (that is, from the same base it is forbidden set question for another). [Windblew from the land], And[near the shore the water was calm]. |
Conjunctions: and, but, and, or, however, or, not only... but also |
| 3. Complex subordination. | minimum two grammar basics | The stems are related to each other by intonation and subordinating conjunctions. The bases are unequal (from one base Can set question for another). (When the wind was blowing from land) [ near the shore the water was calm]. When was the water calm? When the wind blew from land. |
Conjunctions and allied words: when, as, as if (as if), that, so that, because, since, if; which, which, whose, who, etc. |
| 4. Non-union proposal (BSP) | minimum two grammar basics | The basics are connected to each other only by intonation. Graphically non-union proposal can be recognized using punctuation marks between stems (, : – ;) WindIt was blowing from land, the water was calm near the shore. |
- |
| 5. Complex sentence with coordinating and subordinate. communication | minimum three grammar basics | There must be signs of points 2, 3, 4 |
Algorithm of actions.
1. Try to act by eliminating incorrect options! Most often, two version of the Unified State Exam obviously incorrect, and the rest are very similar.
2. Identify grammatical basics and determine their number. One basis is a simple sentence, if two or more are complex.
3. Pay attention to the ways in which grammatical basics are connected and the punctuation marks between them.
Remember! Coordinating conjunctions connect not only grammatical foundations, but also homogeneous members sentences, and subordinates - only grammatical basics!
4. If the sentence is complex (SPP), then determine the main and subordinate clauses (ask a question from one stem to another).
Analysis of the task.
1.
Apparently, we don’t think enough in private that we still don’t know this.
1) complex with coordinating and subordinating connection
1) complex
2) complex with non-conjunctive and subordinating connections
3) compound (CC)
We highlight grammatical basics and conjunctions:
Apparently we don't think much in private, What We still don’t know this.
Thus, there are 2 grammatical bases in the sentence ( it is seen is introductory words, therefore only complicates the first basis). Options 1 and 3 will be excluded, since they presuppose the presence of at least three basics Since the sentence contains a subordinating conjunction What, then this is a proposal complex (option 2).
1. Which characteristic corresponds to the sentence:
True, when the famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen checked into the hotel, there was still some ink left in the tin inkwell that could be diluted with water.
1. complex with coordinating and subordinating connections
2. complex with non-conjunctive and subordinating connections
3. complex
4. complex with non-union and conjunction (coordinating and subordinating) connections
We determine the number of grammatical bases and the connection between them:
Is it true, When famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen checked into a hotel, there was still some ink left in the tin inkwell, which could have been diluted with water.
Three basics ( Truth - introductory word) are connected only by a subordinating connection (conjunction When and a union word which).
Answer option – 3.
2. Which characteristic corresponds to the sentence:
It is interesting that a year before the experimental discovery of the positron, its existence was theoretically predicted by the English physicist Paul Dirac (the existence of just such a particle followed from the equation he derived).