Presentation for a 7th grade history lesson: the English Revolution. Presentation on the topic "English bourgeois revolution". In Boston, the governor decided to unload tea

1. Causes of the RevolutionPolitics of Charles Stewart
Farm:
1. Trade in monopolies by the English king.
2.Rising prices for goods.
3.Economic crisis.
Policy:
1. England expected the king to fight Spain, but he went
to an alliance with her.
2. Conflict between the king and parliament over the introduction
new taxes for the war with Scotland.
Society and Church:
1. Church taxes weighed heavily on all Englishmen.
2. Inconsistency of the Church of England with ideas
Protestantism.

2. The beginning of the revolution.

Van Dyck.
Charles I King of England
The treasury is empty. In the country
Hunger riots began.
Military action against
England started
Scotland. Charles I
petitions were received from
demand to convene
parliament.
Karl, who needed
money, collected in 1640
"Long Parliament" for
obtaining the right from him
introduction of new taxes. IN
exchange for this parliament
demanded:

2. The beginning of the revolution.

do not dissolve parliament without
the consent of both chambers,
limit the powers of the Secret
advice,
abolish monopolies
the right to impose taxes belongs
only to parliament,
limit the arbitrariness of bishops,
streamline legal proceedings.
All this was recorded in the "Great
remonstrations" - document,
containing the basic requirements
parliament.
Exercise.
Rewrite the main points
Remonstrations in a notebook. Using
document on pages 118-119, define in
what articles of the Great Remonstrance were
these requirements are outlined.

17th century engraving

answer.
do not dissolve parliament without the consent of both
Chambers, article No. 125;
limit the powers of the Privy Council, article
№ 130;
abolish monopolies, article No. 115;
the right to impose taxes belongs only to
Parliament, Article No. 120;
limit the arbitrariness of bishops, article No. 132;
streamline legal proceedings, article No. 140.

2. The beginning of the revolution.

Long Parliament
Presbyterians
(moderate)
- protected the interests
large landowners
bankers, merchants.
Were not interested
in deepening the revolution.
Independents (radicals)
- protected the interests
middle layer, fine
bourgeoisie.
Interested in more
radical reforms.

Karl tried to arrest the leaders
parliament, but could not, and soon
fled to the north of the country, where
there were his supporters to collect
troops.
August 1642 – Charles declared war
parliament. The king's army consisted
from the cavaliers, they were opposed
round-headed.
At first, luck was on the king's side,
approached London.
Parliament urgently carries out military
reform, during which
army management are called upon
talented people of non-nobles
origin.
These events began
civil war in
England.

3. Civil war of 1642-1648.

Oliver Cromwell. Medallion of the 17th century.
These days the leader
the most decisive parliamentarians
became O. Cromwell.
With the outbreak of the war he became
officer and turned
your squad in Grozny
subdivision.
Cromwell's Cavalry
clad in armor
nicknamed
"iron-sided".
Soon the first ones arrived
victory.

Battle of Naseby

June 14, 1645

Geographical position

The Battle of Naseby through the eyes of contemporaries

Troop composition

Parliamentary army of the “new model”
Commander-in-Chief: Thomas Fairfax
Infantry: 7 thousand people
Cavalry: 6.5 thousand
Army of King Charles I
Infantry: 4 thousand people
Cavalry: 4 thousand

Generals

Charles I Stuart
commander in chief
royal
troops
Prince Rupert
commanding
right wing
royal troops

Generals

Sir Thomas Fairfax,
commander in chief
parliamentary troops
Sir Oliver Cromwell -
cavalry commander

Battle of Naseby

Flight of King Charles I
TO
A
R
l
I
cavalry
cavalry
Retreat of the king's troops
Prince Ruprecht
infantry
infantry
Cromwell
L o r d
F e r f a c s

3. Civil war of 1642-1648.

June 14, 1645 near the village of Naseby
Karl was defeated and disappeared into
Scotland.
In documents discovered on the battlefield
the English king called
monarchs of Europe begin
intervention.
Parliament confiscated the king's lands,
his supporters and bishops. They
went on sale.
Parliament freed the noble farmers from feudal
payments to the crown.
Subordinated the church to parliament.
However, all these innovations are not
improved the lives of ordinary people.
The Independents demanded
continuation of the revolution.
Battle of Naseby.

3. Civil war 1642-1648.
In February 1648, Charles I entered
in cahoots with the Scots and again
started a war.
In August 1648 the army of Parliament
managed to defeat the king and his
Preston's supporters.
The civil war is over
victory of parliament.
The Scots handed over the king
to the English Parliament.
The Presbyterians were ready
make peace with the king
certain conditions.
Charles I

3. Civil war of 1642-1648.

A number of laws of parliament gave
broad rights for the rich, and
the people still did not have
no political rights, no
land.
John Lilburne headed
levellers (levellers),
who believed that all people
equal before God and
demanding universal
voting rights,
establishment of the republic.
John Lilburn.
17th century engraving.

3. Civil war of 1642-1648.

Were more revolutionary
diggers are configured (true
equalizers), people from
the poorest segments of the population.
Gerald Winstanley stated,
that people should be equal
not only politically, but also
economically. He offered
create classless
state. Called his
capture supporters
empty lands.
Parliament will later suppress
the Leveller movement and
diggers.
J. Winstanley in prison.
Modern miniature.

In December 1648
Colonel Pride by force
expelled from parliament
Presbyterians who wanted
negotiate with the king.
Soon the House of Lords was
liquidated. All
power passed to
lower house
parliament - chamber
communities
Meeting of the Long Parliament.
17th century engraving

4. Establishment of the English Republic.

In January 1649
began
investigation over
king.
Assignment: read
document. Orally
draw a conclusion about
what he was like
sentence
English
to the king. What
served
basis for
such a sentence?
From the verdict of the Supreme Court
chambers above the king.
January 20, 1649
A true trial of reason and conscience
convinced that he... Carl Stewart is guilty
in raising a war against parliament and
people... guilty of state
treason, murders, robberies, fires,
violence, devastation, harm and
misfortune of the nation committed... in
named war. This court decided
what are all these betrayals and crimes?
he... Karl Stewart - like a tyrant, a traitor,
murderer and as an enemy of the good people of this
nation - must be put to death through
cutting off the head from the body.

Compare your findings with the proposed
answer.
Charles I Stuart was sentenced by the English people
to the most cruel punishment - the death penalty
through cutting off the head.
The basis for such a harsh sentence
Charles I was accused of inciting
civil war between supporters
parliament and royalists, supporters of the king.
During this war, England and its people were
great harm has been done.

4. Establishment of the English Republic.

30 January 1649 Charles I
was publicly executed in
presence
crowded crowd.
19 May 1649 England
was proclaimed
republic.
Execution of Charles I.

Lesson assignment:

1. Who was interested in the revolution in
England?
2. The interests of which segments of society during
were the revolutions satisfied?

Homework.
Main task:
Working with concepts and dates written in
notebooks, according to paragraph 16 (design
notes).
Individual task:
Messages:
1. O. Cromwell - Lord Protector.
2. Stuart Restoration.
Historical letter with errors

Bourgeois revolutions

XVI - XIX centuries in Europe

DZ: Paragraphs 32 – 36 - give an assessment of the person who made the greatest impression on you, give reasons why? (written)

Lesson Plan

• Prerequisites and results of bourgeois revolutions.
• Revolution 1566-1609 in the Netherlands.
• Exacerbation of contradictions in English society early XVII V.
• The beginning of the revolution in England. Revolution in the USA

5. The crisis of absolutism and the beginning of the revolution in France.

• The first steps of the revolution in France. The Convention and the Jacobin dictatorship in France.
• Thermidorian dictatorship and the Directory. The regime of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Lesson objectives:

Analyze the main stages of the “New Time” using the example of bourgeois revolutions. Find out the features of each of the revolutions and their common features.

Draw a conclusion about the significance of bourgeois revolutions.

Comparison Questions

Rev-ia in the Netherlands

Dates of the revolution.

(s260-261 p. 32)

Reasons and reason

(p.263-268 p.32)

Revolution in the USA

Main events

(p.282-289 p.34)

French bourgeois revolution

Results and results

Consequences of the revolution

Sources of income of the Spanish king in the 16th century:

• Netherlands – 2 million florins
• Italy – 1 million florins
• New World – ½ million florins
• Spain – ½ million florins.

Comparison Questions

Rev-ia in the Netherlands

Dates of the revolution.

(s260-261 p. 32)

Reasons and reason

The Netherlands was under Spanish rule. Ruinous tariffs on wool; merchants were denied access to the Spanish colonies

Main events

Reason: in 1566, the nobles filed a petition demanding an end to religious persecution and the convening of the Estates General. The government did not comply with the demands.

1566 iconoclastic uprisings in Flanders.

Results and results

rebellion against Spanish rule

The revolution ended in victory in the north of the country and defeat in the south.

Consequences of the revolution

1580 - The States General declared independence.

Spain recognized the independence of the Republic of the United Provinces

Execution of the English king

From Macaulay's "Milton"

“We mourn the violence that accompanies revolutions. But the fury of these violence will always be proportionate to the ferocity and ignorance of the people; and the ferocity and ignorance of the people will be proportional to the oppression and humiliation under which they are accustomed to spend their lives... The Lords of Church and State have reaped only that what they sowed... If the people attacked them with blind rage, it was only because they demanded equally blind obedience from them.

Do you think it was necessary

for the victory of the revolution the execution of the king?

"Bill of Rights" 1689

Parliament approved all laws

The king was deprived of the right:

• suspend the operation of laws or their execution;
• establish and collect taxes for the needs of the crown;
• to form and maintain a standing army in peacetime.

A constitutional monarchy was established in England

Bill of rights

Parliament is the highest legislative body

House of Lords

House of Commons

Parliament buildings

(Palace of Westminster)

The Cabinet of Ministers is the executive body of government

Comparison Questions

English bourgeois revolution

Dates of the revolution.

(p.263-268 p.32)

Reasons and reason

Dissatisfaction with the Stuart policies. The gap between parliament and the king.

Main events

Reason: dissolution of parliament by the king in 1640.

1640 - convening of a new parliament. Civil wars (1640-1649) Military dictatorship-protectorate of O. Cromwell. 1649-Execution of the king. 1649-Proclamation of the Republic. 1660-Restoration of the monarchy

Results and results

a limited monarchy was established

Consequences of the revolution

Conditions have been created for further development capitalism

Boston Tea Party

IN 1773 The East India Company received the right to duty-free import of tea.

This led to the ruin of many merchants.

The colonists refused to buy tea.

In Boston, the governor decided to unload the tea.

Members of the organization "Sons of Liberty" disguised as Indians, they boarded English ships and threw 45 tons of tea overboard.

The closure of the Boston port, the prohibition of meetings of citizens and the quartering of British soldiers in the city further aggravated conflict between the mother country and the colonies .

"Declaration of Independence"

Declaration of Independence, which became the most important document developed during the work of the congress. The Declaration of Independence was the first document to refer to colonies as "USA".

Third President of the United States

Education USA

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

painting by John Trumbull

Separation of powers:

Authorities

Executive

Legislative

Judicial

The president

USA congress

Supreme

US Congress

White House, residence of the President of the United States

US Supreme Court building

Comparison Questions

Revolution in the USA

Dates of the revolution.

Reasons and reason

Strengthening colonial oppression of England

Main events

An obstacle to the development of capitalism.

1773-"Boston Tea Party"; 1774-First Continental Congress; 1775 - beginning of the armed struggle; 1775 - The Second Continental Congress adopted the US Declaration of Independence; 1777 - surrender of the English army at Saratoga; 1787-Adoption of the Constitution

Results and results

1783 - England recognized the independence of the United States. A republic was created.

Consequences of the revolution

Industrial development of the USA. strengthened international situation new state. BUT: slavery was not abolished in the southern states of the USA.

1.Compare: - causes and results of English and French revolutions; -causes and results of the Revolutions in the Netherlands and the USA

2. Give arguments in favor of the claims that the Dutch revolution was the first bourgeois revolution; The revolution in the USA was a national liberation revolution that created the first Constitution and new uniform government - republic; The English Revolution brought the industrial revolution.

3.What changes have you seen in the structure of European society?

4.Prove that the New Age is the era that laid the foundations of modern civilization.

Lesson reflection

• today I found out...
• it was difficult…
• I realized that...
• I learned…
• It was interesting to know that...
• I was surprised...
• I wanted to know more about the personality….

you can use

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Fokina Lidia Petrovna

primary school teacher

MCOU "Secondary school st. Evsino"

Iskitimsky district

Novosibirsk region

Website http://linda6035.ucoz.ru/

The industrial revolution began with the invention of working machines. Hand-drawn spinning machine. Hand-drawn spinning machine. Let's take textile production as an example, where the use of machines actually began. Let's take textile production as an example, where the use of machines actually began. As you know, the two most important operations in textile production are spinning and weaving. In the 17th century for its continuous operation, the weaving machine required a quantity of yarn that could be prepared by 7-8 spinners. It is quite clear that it would be more reasonable to come up with a technical innovation that would make the work of these people easier. As you know, the two most important operations in textile production are spinning and weaving. In the 17th century for its continuous operation, the weaving machine required a quantity of yarn that could be prepared by 7-8 spinners. It is quite clear that it would be more reasonable to come up with a technical innovation that would make the work of these people easier.

J. Kay's Flying Shuttle 1733 However, in 1730 the loom was improved! Mechanic and weaver John Kay invented a new shuttle for him. This technical improvement speeded up the weaving process, as it allowed the craftsman to pass the shuttle between the warp threads with one pedal press, instead of manually pulling it through, as was previously the case. However, in 1730 the loom was improved! Mechanic and weaver John Kay invented a new shuttle for him. This technical improvement speeded up the weaving process, as it allowed the craftsman to pass the shuttle between the warp threads with one pedal press, instead of manually pulling it through, as was previously the case.

New technology led to the organization of industry. Manufactory was replaced by factory. Mechanical spinning machine. Its creator was mechanic Richard Arkwright. Initially it was driven by a horse. Arkwright turned out to be not only a successful inventor, but also a clever businessman. In a community with two businessmen, he built his own spinning mill, i.e. an enterprise where machine production was actively used. Mechanical spinning machine. Its creator was mechanic Richard Arkwright. Initially it was driven by a horse. Arkwright turned out to be not only a successful inventor, but also a clever businessman. In a community with two businessmen, he built his own spinning mill, i.e. an enterprise where machine production was actively used.

The growth of overseas trade contributed to the development of manufacturing. In 1765 J. Hargreaves, struggling with the competition of cheap Indian fabrics, built a mechanical spinning wheel. Labor productivity increased 20 times. The growth of overseas trade contributed to the development of manufacturing. In 1765 J. Hargreaves, struggling with the competition of cheap Indian fabrics, built a mechanical spinning wheel. Labor productivity increased 20 times. The spinning jenny was powered by a man, but his hands were free. It can be considered one of the first cars. 15 years later, one weaver was servicing the spindle. The spinning jenny was powered by a man, but his hands were free. It can be considered one of the first cars. 15 years later, one weaver was servicing the spindle. Spinning Jenny.

The history of the invention of the steam engine is no less instructive than the history of the spinning machine. The idea of ​​​​creating a steam engine was suggested to technicians by the design of a conventional piston water pump, known since antiquity. The first model of such an engine was proposed at the end of the 17th century. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the steam engine of the inventor Newcomen, created by him in 1711, was also known in England. The idea of ​​​​creating a steam engine was suggested to technicians by the design of a conventional piston water pump, known since antiquity. The first model of such an engine was proposed at the end of the 17th century. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the steam engine of the inventor Newcomen, created by him in 1711, was also known in England.

In 1768, Watt's first large machine was built at one of the mines. From that moment on, the triumphant introduction of the steam engine into all areas of industry began, and in 1776, factory production of steam engines began in England. Over the years, 144 such steam engines were produced in Great Britain, and by 1800, 321 Watt steam engines were already operating in the factories and factories of the country.

Robert Fulton, American inventor of the first steamboat Fulton's submarine project 1806

This invention was followed by others. So, in 1784, the metallurgist Corb invented a rolling mill, and Maudsley invented a lathe. And this is only a small part of those inventions and technical innovations that were introduced into production at the end of the 18th century. Conclusion: Thus, in just a few decades at the end of the 18th century, in certain areas of English industry, a transition was made from manual labor to machine labor, which was of great importance for the development of not only Great Britain, but also for the formation of a global industrial society.

The process of enclosure accelerated - land became private property and capitalist relations rapidly developed in agriculture. The process of enclosure accelerated - land became private property and capitalist relations rapidly developed in agriculture. Small owners disappeared, turning into tenants and farm laborers. Efficiency Agriculture has grown sharply. The agricultural revolution contributed to the growth of the country's wealth and an increase in the number of free workers. Small owners disappeared, turning into tenants and farm laborers. Agricultural efficiency has increased dramatically. The agricultural revolution contributed to the growth of the country's wealth and an increase in the number of free workers. Drill by Jethro Tulla.

Justus Liebig, German chemist Proposed the use of chemical fertilizers for cultivating fields, which sharply increased the yield of crops grown on them Justus Liebig, German chemist

At the same time, the industrial appearance of England changed. If in the early 18th century. the country imported iron from Russia and Sweden. At the same time, the industrial appearance of England changed. If in the early 18th century. the country imported iron from Russia and Sweden, the use of coke made it possible to begin exporting it to the colonies. the use of coke made it possible to begin its export to the colonies. Developing internal trade, the British deepened river beds, built canals, locks and bridges. This leads to the emergence of year-round fairs. In England, monopolies were abolished and the free opening of manufactories was introduced. Developing internal trade, the British deepened river beds, built canals, locks and bridges. This leads to the emergence of year-round fairs. In England, monopolies were abolished and the free opening of manufactories was introduced. First cast iron bridge at Colebrookdale (1790)

In England, commodity-money relations developed rapidly from the 16th century. Subsistence farming was dying out. The inhabitants of England, in the words of A. Smith, turned into “economic man”, who is characterized by enterprise and ingenuity. Machine inventions immediately became in demand by English society. This happened because work began to be seen as a means of self-affirmation. In England, commodity-money relations developed rapidly from the 16th century. Subsistence farming was dying out. The inhabitants of England, in the words of A. Smith, turned into “economic man”, who is characterized by enterprise and ingenuity. Machine inventions immediately became in demand by English society. This happened because work began to be seen as a means of self-affirmation. I. Clark. Spinning mill in Lancar (Scotland).

The agrarian revolution allowed a significant mass of people not to engage in agricultural work. Land became the subject of purchase and sale. This gave free capital and free labor. Development of internal and foreign trade created a market for the goods produced. English laws protected private owners, their civil rights and freedoms. This meant that capitalist relations in the economy finally took over. The agrarian revolution allowed a significant mass of people not to engage in agricultural work. Land became the subject of purchase and sale. This gave free capital and free labor. The development of domestic and foreign trade created a market for manufactured goods. English laws protected private owners, their civil rights and freedoms. This meant that capitalist relations in the economy finally took over. Consequences of the industrial revolution. V.P.Frith. Paddington Station in London.

Homework § 39 – 40. assignments: 2 on page 331, 2, 3 on page, 3 on page 339

Slide 2

Let's check ourselves...

Slide 3

Let's work on the concept

What is a bourgeois revolution?

• Transformations promoting the replacement of the feudal system with a capitalist (bourgeois) one
• A revolution is a radical upheaval that leads to the replacement of one system by another.

Slide 4

Causes of the revolution

Contradictions between the emerging capitalist and old feudal structures.

Slide 5

Dissatisfaction with the policy of the Stuarts, aggravation of relations between parliament and the king.

Slide 6

Contradictions between the Anglican Church and the ideology of Puritanism.

Slide 7

Reason for revolution

1640 The House of Lords is the upper house. The House of Commons is the lower house. Short and Long Parliaments. Thus began an open confrontation between parliament and the king.

Slide 8

In January 1642, the king used force against the opposition

He tried to arrest the leaders of the rebellious parliament. But the London police (militia) rose to defend parliament. Armed detachments of peasants and artisans flocked to the capital.

Slide 9

The king leaves the capital and goes to the north of the country.

The first (parliamentary) stage of the revolution has ended. In history it is called peaceful. Now both sides (king and parliament) began preparing for a war called the Civil War.

Civil war is a war between citizens of the same country (compatriots).

Slide 10

Thus, the country was divided into two camps

Exercise. What layers do you think English society could have clashed in a civil war: peasants, artisans, royal court, old nobles, gentry, bourgeoisie?

Slide 11

I Civil War 1642-1646

Slide 12

The first defeats in the war with royal army pushed parliament to urgently carry out military reform (1644)

Slide 13

The first victories of the army of parliament

• Battle of Naseby (June 1645).
• Battle of Marston Moor, 2 July 1644.

Slide 14

After the defeat of the king's army at Naseby, he himself, disguised as a servant, flees to Scotland. But in February 1647, the Scots sold Charles I to the English Parliament for 400 thousand pounds sterling. Hostilities ceased for a while. The First Civil War is over.

Slide 15

New laws

• abolition of the king's feudal rights;
• land received from the king by knightly law becomes private property;
• the peasants remain only holders of the land, retaining all responsibilities towards the landlords.

Slide 16

What is happening at this time in the English Parliament?

Important role pamphlets (accusatory writings) played a role in this political struggle. The pamphlets of John Lilburne, the leader of the Levellers, were especially popular.

Political struggle:

• Presbyterians:
  • defended the interests of the middle layer, the petty bourgeoisie.
  • interested in reforms.
• Independents:
  • defended the interests of large landowners, bankers, and merchants.
  • They were not interested in deepening the revolution.

Slide 17

Lilburn's pamphlets

Objectives of political reforms.

• He opposed the monarchical form of government and the existence of the House of Lords, for a republic, against all feudal privileges, for the equality of all before the law, and defended freedom of religious beliefs.
• He defended the inviolability of person and property, freedom of the press. Of great importance for deepening the revolution were L.'s demands for the abolition of monopolies and patents, the abolition of tithes, and the easing of the tax burden. In 1646, by order of the House of Lords, he was thrown into prison. (until 1648)

Slide 18

Second Civil War (1648-1649)

King Charles I, dreaming of restoration to England royal power(monarchy), conspired with the Scots and led the Scottish army that invaded the north of England in February 1648.
In August 1648, the army of Parliament managed to defeat the king and his supporters at Preston.
The civil war ended in parliamentary victory.

Slide 19

The Scots handed the king over to the English Parliament.
The Presbyterians were ready to make peace with the king on certain conditions.
In December 1648, Colonel Pride forcibly expelled the Presbyterians from Parliament who wanted to come to an agreement with the king. (“Pride Purge”).

In January 1649, the investigation of the king began.
On January 26, the king of England, Scotland and Ireland was sentenced to death for “criminal acts against the English parliament and people.”

Slide 20

Execution of Charles Stuart

On January 30, 1649, Charles Stuart was executed as a “traitor and tyrant.” Charles I was executed in the 49th year of his life and in the 24th year of his reign.

Slide 21

The execution of the king caused outrage among European monarchs. Political and trade ties were curtailed or reduced to a minimum. France, Spain and Austria sent an official protest and tried to organize an armed intervention, but could not reach an agreement among themselves. Russia, where Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov ruled, expelled all English merchants.
On February 3, 1649, immediately after the execution of Charles I, his son Prince Charles, who fled to Holland, with the support of other monarchies, declared himself the rightful king of England.

Slide 22

The death of the king was not the end of the revolution...

May 19, 1649 - England is declared a republic.
March 17, 1649 - an act of parliament on the uselessness and burdensomeness of royal power for the country.
March 19, 1649 - the House of Lords is dissolved. All power passed to the lower house of parliament - the House of Commons.

Authorities:

• legislative - Parliament (House of Commons);
• executive - the State Council of 41 people, headed by Cromwell.

Slide 23

But actually...

The dictatorship of Cromwell was established in England. The army obeyed him. Parliament and State Council completely depended on the will of Cromwell and his inner circle.

Dictatorship is unlimited power.

Slide 24

Results of the Civil War

• The king's civil war with Parliament ended in victory for the Puritans (Calvinist Protestants).
• Charles I was executed and the monarchy was destroyed.
• Parliament declared the country a republic.
• But in the life of the urban lower classes and the peasantry, almost nothing has changed.

View all slides

Slide 1

Bourgeois revolution in England Work by Belyaeva LE, history teacher at the Myshkin Secondary School

Slide 2

England in the 17th century Economy Political life religion England is one of the most economically developed countries, thanks to the agricultural revolution and the development of manufactories. But: the state intervened in the economy, distributing monopolies and seizing part of the profits of merchant campaigns, giving them charters and privileges. Numerous exactions from the population Already at the end of the reign of Elizabeth I and under both James I and Charles I, Parliament's indignation at their economic policies grew. I was outraged by the extravagance of the court and the corruption of officials. James I and Charles I sought to strengthen absolutism, believing that they could rule without parliamentary approval. 1628 – dissolution of parliament by Charles I 1629-1640 – sole rule of Charles I The spread of Puritanism in England. The emergence of two movements in Puritanism: a) Presbyterians - wanted to get rid of priests and bishops and elect presbyter-elders; b) independents - they wanted complete independence of communities and non-interference of the state in their affairs. Persecution of the Puritans under Charles I. 1637 - uprising in Scotland against the forced imposition of Anglicanism.

Slide 3

Causes of the English bourgeois revolution: Contradictions between the emerging capitalist and old feudal order; Dissatisfaction with the Stuart policies, worsening relations and an open break between Parliament and the king during the reign of Charles I; Conflicts between the Church of England and the ideology of the Puritans Charles I

Slide 4

Main driving forces revolutions: the urban lower classes and the peasantry led by the bourgeoisie and the new nobility Reason for the revolution: Dissolution of the “Short Parliament” by King Charles I Stuart (April-May 1640), which he convened after an 11-year break in order to obtain subsidies for waging war with Scotland Coat of Arms Stuarts

Slide 5

The Long Parliament and the beginning of the revolution November 1640 - convening of a parliament called the “Long Parliament”, because worked for 13 years (1640-1653) “Great Remonstrance” (protest): Completion of the Reformation; Freedom of trade and entrepreneurship; The king's ministers must be accountable to parliament; Only parliament can set taxes; Establishment of a constitutional monarchy in 1642 – Charles I declares war on parliament!

Slide 6

First Civil War (1642 - 1646) August 1642 – the king declared war on parliament Actions of parliament: Created a Defense Committee; Resolution on the recruitment of a 10,000-strong army under the command of the Earl of Essex; Reorganization of the army of parliament after the first failures Cavaliers - supporters of the king Roundheads - supporters of parliament

Slide 7

First Civil War (1642 - 1646) Parliamentary military reform: Local militias disbanded; New regiments were recruited from soldiers from different counties; Unified command; Strict discipline and responsibility; Taxes were introduced to support the army Victory of the parliamentary army The model for the “new model” army was the detachment under the command of Oliver Cromwell (ironsides)

Slide 8

Victory of Parliament June 1645 - victory of the Roundheads at the Battle of Naseby. The fortresses of the royalists (supporters of the king) Oxford, Bristol, etc. were captured. The king fled to Scotland, but was extradited to parliament for money. But in parliament the struggle between Presbyterians and Independents intensified. The Presbyterians, representing the interests of large landowners from the new nobles, bankers, and merchants, considered the revolution complete. But independents, representing the interests of the middle and petty nobility, the middle and petty bourgeoisie, demanded the continuation of reforms.

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Presbyterians predominated in parliament. They carried out a number of reforms: They introduced the Presbyterian Church; The lands of the English clergy were confiscated; Feudal payments from nobles to the crown were abolished; The struggle in parliament The army was dominated by independents, whose leader was Cromwell. They wanted to carry out a new electoral reform to increase the number of votes from trade and business circles in 1647. – attempt to disband the army Cromwell’s army entered London and expelled the Presbyterians from Parliament (Purge of Parliament)

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Independents and Equalizers The sentiments of ordinary soldiers, yesterday's peasants and artisans, were expressed by the Levellers - "Equalizers" John Lilburne - the leader of the "Equalizers" Views of John Lilburne: equal suffrage for all men England - a republic with a unicameral parliament (House of Commons) Prohibit enclosures Abolish monopolies Carry out tax reform The principle of religious tolerance and separation of church and state

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Second English Civil War (1648-1649) February 1648 – Charles I escaped from captivity, entered into an agreement with the Scots and unleashed new war August 1648 - defeat of the royalists and Scots at Preston. The king was captured again on January 30, 1649. execution of Charles I May 1649 - England is declared a republic. An executive body, the Council of State, was created, headed by Cromwell. Execution of Charles I in 1649. – arrest of Leveller leaders, execution of Levellers in the army

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Cromwell's campaign in Ireland 1649 - 1652. It was a brutal conquest of Ireland. The captured lands were distributed to Cromwell's soldiers and officers. Thousands of Irish people became victims of this campaign. Cromwell returned triumphant

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Cromwell's Protectorate 1653 - Cromwell dissolves parliament and becomes Lord Protector (defender). It was a coup d'etat. Cromwell's dictatorship lasted from 1653 to 1658. Coin with the image of Cromwell Seal of Cromwell

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Restoration (restoration) of the Stuart dynasty by Charles II in 1660. - parliament called Charles II, the son of the executed king, to the throne. Charles II did not keep his promise to parliament: to declare an amnesty (forgiveness) to all participants in the revolution, not to encroach on property acquired during civil wars. He dealt with some members of the tribunal that tried the king. He began to persecute the Puritans and pander to the Catholics. His son James II (1685-1688) was a Catholic and a convinced absolutist Constitutional monarchy in England In the 17th century, two parties emerged in the English parliament: the Whigs and the Tories. The government cabinet and the Prime Minister were appointed by the king from the party that received the parliamentary majority. The Whigs. Tories. Expressed the interests of the new nobility, merchants, and the financial elite of the country. Expressed the interests of large landowners and aristocrats Supporters of parliamentary freedoms and restrictions on the monarchy. They sympathized with Protestants, were tolerant of religious sects and did not like Catholics. They had great respect for the monarchy and the Church of England, were adherents of traditions and the old order

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Literature and sources: Dmitrieva O.V. New story. 7th grade. M. " Russian word" 2007. Alieva K.S. General history in tables and diagrams. M. "List". 2002.