Target: Target: Develop students' cognitive interests; to form an idea of ​​the Moon as a satellite of the Earth; explain to children why people don’t live on the moon using a multimedia presentation; cultivate children's interest in the world around them; to form friendly relationships between students, the ability to understand themselves and others.

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open lesson on the world around us

in 1st grade

Subject: Why is the Moon different?

Target: Develop students' cognitive interests; to form an idea of ​​the Moon as a satellite of the Earth; explain to children why people don’t live on the moon using a multimedia presentation; cultivate children's interest in the world around them; to form friendly relationships between students, the ability to understand themselves and others.

Tasks:
1. Expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the Moon, the Earth’s natural satellite.
2. Develop ideas about the shape, size, color of objects; speech, attention, memory, logical thinking.
3. Develop an interest in astronomy.
Equipment:
Configuration: computers + multimedia projector,
Textbook, workbook.

Universal learning activities.

Organizational and orientation stage.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.
- Today we have a lot of guests at our lesson. Turn around. Say hello.
- So, we’re in the mood, we’re working clearly, we’re thinking and reasoning.
II. Repetition of what has been learned.
- What did Ant ask - Question in the last lesson?
- (About the sun and the stars).
- What is the Sun? (Huge flaming ball). -What are stars? – Why does the Sun seem like a small circle to us? - Why do stars seem like small dots to us? - What does the Sun create for us? (Day). – What did people combine the stars into? (Into the constellations). – How do stars differ from each other? (Color, size).

III. Determining the topic of the lesson.

Ant looked at the sky and saw something else. Guess the riddles and find out what Ant saw?

Just recently to our window

The white flatbread was shining,

And now suddenly they are burning in the window

Bullock with silver horns.

Alone in the sky at night

Golden orange.

Two weeks have passed

We didn't eat orange

But only an orange slice remained in the sky. (Month, Moon).

Today we have tofind out why people don't live on the moon. And for this we will go to space trip. What will we fly on?
(On a rocket, on a spaceship)
- What can we be called? (cosmonauts).
- Before we go on a trip, I need to find out if our team is ready for the flight. After all, an astronaut must know the answers to many, many questions:

1.What is nature?
2. What groups is nature divided into?
3. Give examples of living nature.
4. Inanimate nature.
5.What is characteristic of all living things? (grow, bear offspring, move, breathe, die)
6.What conditions are necessary for all living things (air, light, heat, water, food)
- Let's start the countdown.
- What date will we start with? (10)
- In chorus: 10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-start!

IV Explanation of new material.
If you try really hard,
If you really want it,
You can go to heaven
And fly to the sun.
And seriously, not in fun,
Meet the Moon.
Walk around it a little
And return home again!

Now we are approaching the Moon.
Since man appeared on Earth, the Moon has been a mystery to him. In ancient times, people worshiped the Moon, considering her to be the goddess of the night. Today we know much more about what it is.
- So what is the Moon?
The moon is not a star or a planet. Moon - natural satellite Earth. As nature created. It rotates around the Earth and around its axis. But it rotates slower. And a lunar day is equal to two of our weeks. The moonlit night also lasts for two of our weeks.
The Moon is closest to Earth heavenly body. However, when a rocket is launched from the cosmodrome to the Moon, scientists wait for 3 days and 3 nights. That's how long it takes spaceship to fly to the moon. (3 days - 3 days and 3 nights). There is no air or atmosphere on the Moon.
- Even in ancient times, people noticed that the Moon changes its shape all the time. Sometimes it looks like a round plate, sometimes like a sickle, which was called the Month. People could not explain this phenomenon and came up with fairy tales, legends, and myths. Listen to one such tale.

(A presentation on the topic is shown)

And now, guys, I ask you to draw the moon on the board as you saw it in the sky. (Children draw

- Why is the moon so different? The textbook article on page 34 will help us understand this (reading the article).

To see how the moon changes its shape, I suggest you do some practical work.

(Children, under the guidance of a teacher, use tellurium and mirrors to depict the path of the moon and observe the shadow from the mirror on the globe, see how the shadow changes its shape).

Now I will show you how the Moon works (using a mirror I direct the sun's ray to the globe).
- Does the mirror itself glow? (No)
- And now, when will I catch the sun’s ray with it? What kind of light is this? (reflection sunbeam)
- So we learned the secret of the Moon. Since it does not shine, we can only see the part of it that is illuminated by the Sun.

Let's read the text: “The moon itself does not emit light; it, like a mirror, reflects the light of the Sun.”
- When the Sun illuminates the side of the Moon that faces our Earth, we see it entirely. This is called the FULL MOON.
And when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, the Sun illuminates that part of the Moon that is not visible to us. The nights are dark at this time. NEW MOON is coming.
But soon the moon gradually moves, and its thin piece begins to glow.

Now she is half grown.
Well, the bright part of the Moon is getting bigger and bigger every night.
You see how it has already become - almost completely round! Soon the full moon will come again, and then the Moon will begin to wane, moving more and more into the shadows until it disappears completely. And this repeats every month.

After finishing the work, the children draw a conclusion about the shape of the moon, the phases of the moon and the reasons for their changes.

Presentation on “Phases of the Moon”

The teacher concludes:
- To explain this, you need to know one secret of the Moon. The secret is in the way it shines. The sun is a flaming ball, it emits light itself, and the moon...

In ancient times, people did not know how the Moon worked and thought that some monster swallowed it, and then a new one appeared. But you and I know that this is not so!
From Earth, the Moon appears small. But actually it is not. If you draw the Earth the size of a watermelon, the Moon will turn out to be an apple (the size of an apple). The Moon is six times smaller than the Earth.
Sometimes it seems that the moon has a face. This impression is created by the mountains casting a shadow on its surface. And the bright spots are the lunar seas. But in reality there is not a drop of water in these seas. But people didn't know this before. That's why they called them seas.

-So, we landed on the surface of the Moon. Think about how you can call this action in one word? (mooned down)

American astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin were the first to walk on the moon.

During the day on the Moon the heat reaches 130 degrees, and at night it drops to 170 degrees below zero.
The entire surface of the Moon is covered with a thick layer of dust. The moon looks like it hasn't been dusted for years.

Be very careful! Watch your step, as there are a lot of rocks on the Moon.
- Yes, and talk only by radiotelephone (since there is no air on the Moon and you still won’t hear each other). Even meteorites on the Moon fall silently.
- And don’t take big steps, otherwise you’ll bounce a lot.
- There are no flowers, no trees, no rainbows on the Moon, only sand and stones.
- And, most importantly, there is no water, no air, no atmosphere on the Moon. There is no rain or snow there.
- No clouds, no fog, only black sky around. True, there are still rains there - meteorites, stones.
- Man cannot live on the moon.

The flight was long and we needed to warm up.

V. Physical exercise

Sunny bunnies

They play on the wall

I'll beckon them with my finger,

Run to me, everyone.

Well, catch it, catch it quickly!

Jumping gallop! Jumping gallop!

He ran to the ceiling.

Let's open our laptopsand remember when completing the task all the knowledge that we took with us. (The guys complete the task “Moon”, moving all living things to Earth)

VI. Consolidation

-Which literary hero visited the moon?
-Who wrote this book? (book showing)
-He left a message for each of you. And until we fulfill,
we won't be able to return.
Let's set up our visual devices; eyes up, down, left,
to the right, (teacher distributes assignments)

1. Where did we travel in space today? (Moon)
2. What is the Moon? (satellite)
3. Who were we today? (astronauts)
4. What are the names of automatic machines that explore the Moon? (lunar rover)
5. Name Earth, Mercury, Venus (planet) in one word.
6. What is the name of the powerful device used to view the Moon? (telescope)
We're flying home.
I say a sentence if you agree “green”, if not “red”. With every offer we get closer to home.
1. There is no air on the Moon (h)
2.The moon is glowing(k)
3. There is a lot of water in the Lunar Seas (k)
4. 1 lunar day = 2 of our weeks (h)
5. Life is possible on the Moon (k)
Here we are at home.
- Fastened your seat belts. We sit quietly. I turn on the brakes.
- How did you cope with the flight?
- The flight went well! (in unison)
- What is the most interesting thing you learned?
VII. Homework. Workbook page 23 No. 2, observe the moon and record your observations in a science journal.
(if there is time left, we make a model of the Sun, Earth and Moon from plasticine)

Lesson topic: Why is the Moon different?

Target: Develop students' cognitive interests; to form an idea of ​​the Moon as a satellite of the Earth; explain to children why people don’t live on the moon using a multimedia presentation; cultivate children's interest in the world around them; to form friendly relationships between students, the ability to understand themselves and others

Tasks : Educational: Expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the Moon, the Earth’s natural satellite.
Developmental: Develop ideas about the shape, size, color of objects; speech, attention, memory, logical thinking, fine motor skills.
Educational: Foster a love of nature and respect for the environment.

UUD : Cognitive: general education – conscious and voluntary speech utterance verbally about changes appearance Moon; logical – searching for the necessary information (from the story of the teacher, parents, from one’s own life experience, stories, fairy tales, etc.).

Personal: understand the importance of knowledge for a person and accept it.

Regulatory: predict the results of the level of mastery of the material being studied.

Communication: know how to exchange opinions, listen to another student - communication partner and teacher.
Equipment: Proclass , ball, lunar globe, mirror, flashlight, textbook, workbook, two motorcycle helmets

1.Organizing time. Greetings.

- Na-na-it’s spring in the yard

Lo-lo-lo - the sun makes us feel warm

- Rub your palms. Did you feel the warmth? (Yes).

- Touch your palms to each other and pass it on.

- May you also feel warm and comfortable during the lesson.

- Now let's get to work!

2. Updating knowledge

game “Say a Word” (the teacher says a sentence while throwing the ball, the one who caught it answers)

The sun is a huge flaming ………………..(ball)

The Sun is the closest …………………..(star) to Earth

The sun creates for us …………………………………(day)

The sun appears to us as a small circle because it is located ………….(far from the Earth)

Stars are huge flaming………………(balls)

Stars differ from each other in……………(color, size)

There are a lot of stars in the sky and people have combined them into ……………(constellations)

3. Self-determination for activity

P looked at the sky and saw something else. Guess the riddle and find out what Ant saw? (slide 1).

Students: (Month, Moon).

How many of you have seen the Moon?

Draw the “Moon” in the paint program on netbooks. (students work on netbooks)

Why is it so different for everyone?

Can you guess what the lesson will be about? (children's answers)

Do you want to know this? (slide 2)

- And for this we will go on a space journey.

- What will we fly on? (children's answers) (slide 3)

- What can we be called? (children's answers)
-Before you go to journey, I need to find out if our team is ready for the flight.

They fastened their seat belts. Back straight.

- Let's start the countdown.

- What number do we start counting from? (children's answers)

In chorus: 10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-start!

4. Explanation of new material

If you try really hard,
If you really want it,
You can go to heaven
And fly to the sun.
And seriously, not in fun,
Meet Luna.
Walk around it a little
And return home again! (slide 4)
-B from we and approached the Moon.
-Ever since man appeared on Earth, the Moon has been a mystery to him. In ancient times, people worshiped the Moon, considering her to be the goddess of the night. Today we know much more about what it is.
-So what is the Moon? (children's answers), (slide 5)

— The moon is not a star or a planet. The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. As nature created. It rotates around the Earth and around its axis. But it rotates slower. (slide 6). The Moon is the celestial body closest to Earth. However, when a rocket is launched from the cosmodrome to the Moon, scientists wait for 3 days and 3 nights. This is exactly how long it takes a spaceship to fly to the Moon. (3 days - 3 days and 3 nights) - Even in ancient times, people noticed that the Moon changes its shape all the time. Sometimes it looks like a round plate, sometimes like a sickle, which was called the Month. People could not explain this phenomenon and came up with fairy tales, legends, and myths. (slide 7)

— Can you and I explain why the Moon changes its appearance?
The teacher concludes:
- To explain this, you need to know one secret of the Moon. The secret is in the way it shines. The Sun is a flaming ball, it emits light itself, and the Moon... Let's find the picture in the textbook on page 34 (below) and find out what the secret of the Moon is, how it shines.
Questions: - What is shown blue? (Earth)
-What is the Earth doing? (she is sleeping)
- So what part of the day is it now? (night)
— What is shown yellow? (Moon)
- And red? (Sun)
-What does the Sun do? (Shines on the moon)
-What is Luna doing? (it reflects the rays and sends them to Earth)
—Can the Moon emit light? (no, only reflects)
Experience projected onto the interactive whiteboard using a document camera:

- “Now I will show you how the Moon works (with the help of a mirror it directs the sun’s ray to the globe).”
— Does the mirror itself glow? (No)
- And now, when will I catch the sun’s ray with it? What kind of light is this? (reflection of the sun's ray)
- So we learned the secret of the Moon. Since it does not shine, we can only see the part of it that is illuminated by the Sun. (slide 8)
In ancient times, people did not know how the Moon worked and thought that some monster swallowed it, and then a new one appeared. But you and I know that this is not so! (slide 9,10)
From Earth, the Moon appears small. But actually it is not. If you draw the Earth the size of a watermelon, the Moon will turn out to be an apple (the size of an apple). The Moon is six times smaller than the Earth. (slide 11)
Sometimes it seems that the Moon has a face. This impression is created by the mountains casting a shadow on its surface. And the bright spots are the lunar seas. But in reality there is not a drop of water in these seas. But people didn't know this before. That's why they called them seas. (slide 12,13,14)
— The flight turned out to be long and we need to warm up.
5. Fizminutka:

The astronaut suddenly stretched.
Bent over once, bend over twice,
spread his arms to the side
I couldn't see my helmet.
To get him a helmet
You need to stand on your toes,
(stretched, sat down.) (slide 15)

6. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson

—Who are these mysterious guests? (Two boys in motorcycle helmets come out)
Astronauts: We are American astronauts. (slide 16)
A: We were the first to walk on the moon.
A: I'm Armstrong.
A: I'm Aldrin.
A: We came to warn that during the day on the Moon the heat is up to 130 degrees,
A: And at night it’s 170 degrees below zero.
Teacher: Why can’t you see anything?
A: The entire surface of the Moon is covered with a thick layer of dust. The moon looks like it hasn't been dusted for years.

A: Be very careful! Watch your step, as there are a lot of rocks on the Moon.
A: Yes, and talk only by radiotelephone (since there is no air on the Moon and you still won’t hear each other). Even meteorites on the Moon fall silently.
A: And don’t take big steps, otherwise you’ll bounce a lot.
A: There are no flowers, no trees, no rainbows on the Moon, only sand and stones.
A: And, most importantly, there is no water, no air, no atmosphere on the Moon. There is no rain or snow there.
A: No clouds, no fog, just black sky around. True, there are still rains there - meteorites, stones.
A: Man cannot live on the Moon. Goodbye, guys!
7. Work in the workbook

Let's work in logbooks
(p. 22) complete task 1 (slide 17)

Now it’s time for us to head back.
8. Consolidation

- But what is it, nothing starts? (does not work)
-So this is our hero!
-Which literary character visited the moon? (children's answers)
-Who wrote this book? (book showing)
-He left a message for each of you. And until we comply, we will not be able to return. (slide 18)
-We will set up our visual devices;
9. Visual gymnastics “Stargazer” (slide 20-24 )

Ready for the final task!

—About answering questions using the program monitoring the quality of knowledge Proclass (students use the remote control to select the correct answer and press the corresponding button in the Ask a Question mode)

- I say a sentence, if you agree, “answer A,” if not, “answer B.” With every offer we get closer to home. (slide 25-28)
1. There is no air on the Moon (+)
2. The moon glows(-)
3. There is a lot of water in the Lunar Seas (-)
4 . Life is possible on the Moon (-)
-Completed tasks and Let's go home. (children pretend to fly)

- Here we are at home.

10. Reflection

— Belts are fastened. We sit quietly. I turn on the brakes.
— How was your flight?
— The flight went well! (in unison)

—What will you tell us about at home?
— What is the most interesting thing you learned?
11.Homework

Make a model of the Moon.

State budget educational institution average comprehensive school No. 2 village Obsharovka m.r. Privolzhsky Samara region

Item:

the world

Class:

1 class

Subject:

“Why is the Moon different?”

Technologies:

problem-based learning

person-centered approach

Equipment:

netbooks for students; teacher's laptop, multimedia projector, interactive board, document-camera, knowledge quality monitoring system Proclass

Teacher: Fokeeva E.A.

g.o. Chapaevsk, 2014

Why is the Moon different?

Goal: to form ideas about the Moon as a satellite of the Earth.

Planned results:

Subject:

Introduce the reasons for the change in the appearance of the Moon;

Talk about ways scientists study the Moon;

Develop cognitive abilities students in the process of independent learning and creative activity, develop speech, attention, memory, logical thinking;

Personal: - analyze patterns of movement of the Moon around the Earth and illumination of its surface by the Sun;

Formulate conclusions about the reasons for the change in the appearance of the Moon.

Equipment: presentation, textbook, templates of the Moon (phases), cards with new words: crater, lunar rover phase, colored pencils.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time

Well, the bell called us to class.
Friends, silence! Science is coming to us...

What science is in class today?

Astronomy.

The exploration of space - this new unknown world - would be unthinkable without exploits. The path of the conquerors of the stars sometimes ended tragically. There have been cases when astronauts died in space. Their bright, full of daring heroic life, devoted until her last breath to science, and not only to our beloved Fatherland, but to our Blue Planet.

The object is located on the southeastern edge of the Sea of ​​Rains.

Return to Earth

Attention! Everyone stand up! Prepare to return. Countdown: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 - start!

We make a circle around ourselves, restore balance.

We returned from the flight
And they fell to Earth.

Lesson summary

- So, guys, our study of the Moon is coming to an end. We managed to do a lot during the lesson. All questions were answered.
Let's check how you have learned new knowledge. If you agree with what I say, make one clap; if I’m wrong, you remain motionless.

Option I

- Guys, give your assessment of today's lesson. If everything was clear, put a white or blue star in the sky. If it was difficult - yellow.

Option II

What's missing from heaven? Let's decorate the sky with stars. If everything was clear to you, draw a white star. If it was not clear - yellow or red.

1st row stood up - decorate the board.

Option II

What do you think is the celestial body in the picture?

Bring the picture to life. If everything was clear during the lesson, draw a smiling face; if it was difficult, your Moon will be sad.

– Thanks everyone for the lesson. Well done!

Observing the Moon, people have long noticed that its appearance in the evening sky changes. Either it is full and round, then only half of it is visible, then a narrow crescent. What's happening to her? It turns out that nothing happens to her. The moon always remains a solid, stone ball, whole and unharmed. What actually changes is the amount of illuminated surface we see. Like all planets, the Moon does not glow on its own. Only part of the lunar globe is bright. The other part of the Moon remains dark.

The Moon is the Earth's satellite. It revolves around ours, and each revolution takes almost a month. At the same time, the Moon turns either the fully illuminated side, then the partially illuminated side, or the dark side. That’s why her appearance on ours continuously changes over the course of a month.

When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, its unlit half is turned towards us. Therefore, during this period (new moon) we do not see it at all (see Fig. 1).

When the Moon is illuminated from the side, we see half of its illuminated part (see Fig. 2).

When the Moon turns out to be on the other side of the Earth, it faces us with the entire illuminated half of the lunar globe. We see a luminous circle in the sky. This period is called the full moon (see Fig. 3).

Secrets of the beautiful Moon

The surface of the Moon has many different wonders. Above these miracles earth scientists still scratching their heads. Let's look, for example, at the so-called Straight wall. This is one of the most amazing structures on the Moon. It looks like a very smooth straight line drawn along a ruler in the form of a step, the height of a huge skyscraper. And the length of this step is almost 100 meters.

There are also lights on the Moon that radiate from craters on several different sides. No one still knows how such rays are produced.

Also, scientists cannot solve the question of the origin of the Moon, its formation in ancient times, about five billion years ago. Maybe it was hot at first, and then slowly cooled down, or, quite the opposite, it was completely cold, and only then began to warm up? What is the connection between our planet and its satellite the Moon?

Sometimes it even seems that the more we learn about the Moon, the more and more new things appear on it, and a lot of new questions are born.

Everyone is familiar with terms such as “waning moon,” “waxing moon,” “full moon,” and “new moon.” In fact, all of these are designations of one and the same concept - the satellite of planet Earth. All its different variations are simply optical effects.

Why does the moon take different shapes?

So, the Moon itself does not glow, because it is a planet. But when it doesn't hit him sunlight, it shines and it becomes visible through the atmosphere. During the day, visibility is zero due to the clouds, but in the evening and at night they gradually become transparent and the moon is visible in all its glory.

The effects of its decrease or, conversely, increase depend on the fact that it rotates in its orbit around the earth. But she doesn’t stand still either. As you know, our planet rotates simultaneously around its axis and around the Sun.

The Moon makes a full revolution around its axis in approximately 27 days, 7 hours and 43 minutes, which is why the lunar month is slightly shorter than the Earth's. But since the earth also rotates, it turns out that its satellite is turned towards it with one side. The second one is never visible from the ground. When we see the round disk of the moon at night, this means that its entire surface is illuminated, but if we see something shaped like a slice of watermelon, we're talking about about partial illumination. Whether the moon is in a waxing or waning phase depends on which direction the lobe is facing. The dependence on this behavior of animals, the ebb and flow of water in the world's oceans, as well as plant growth has been proven. This is physics and no magic.

When the moon is visible only as a narrow stripe, people say it is a new moon. In other words, growing. In about a week and a half or two weeks it will turn into full and begin to decrease. Then the process will repeat again. During the full moon at night there is the best visibility, unless, of course, there is fog.

The fact that different shaped parts of the moon are visible from the earth has always puzzled people, since the existence of mankind. In this regard, many myths and legends were invented in which the night luminary was given all sorts of magical properties. Now these are just fairy tales that arouse curiosity and, perhaps, tenderness. But a dry scientific explanation of astronomy does not sound as interesting as the story of some night deity. After all, even the Slavs had a goddess of the night, Mara.

Do you know?

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