She pushed anti-feudal, anti-absolutist, national liberation movements in European countries. The Napoleonic wars play a huge role in this.
The French bourgeoisie, striving for a dominant position in governing the country, was dissatisfied with the regime of the Directory and sought to establish a military dictatorship.
The young Corsican general Napoleon Bonaparte was better suited to the role of military dictator. A talented and brave military man from an impoverished noble family, he was an ardent supporter of the revolution, participated in the suppression of counter-revolutionary protests by the royalists, and therefore the bourgeois leaders trusted him. Under the command of Napoleon, the French army in Northern Italy defeated the Austrian invaders.
Having carried out a coup on November 9, 1799, the big bourgeoisie was supposed to have firm power, which it entrusted to the first consul, Napoleon Bonaparte. He begins to implement domestic and foreign policies using authoritarian methods. Gradually, all power is concentrated in his hands.
In 1804, Napoleon was proclaimed Emperor of France under the name. The dictatorship of the imperial power strengthened the position of the bourgeoisie and opposed the return of feudal orders.
Foreign policy Napoleon I is the world domination of France in the military-political and commercial-industrial fields. Napoleon's main rival and adversary was England, which did not want to upset the balance of power in Europe, and it needed to preserve its colonial possessions. England's task in the fight against Napoleon was his overthrow and the return of the Bourbons.
The peace treaty concluded in Amiens in 1802 was a temporary respite, and already in 1803 hostilities resumed. If in land battles the advantage was on Napoleon's side, then at sea the English fleet dominated, which in 1805 dealt a crushing blow to the Franco-Spanish fleet at Cape Trafalgar.
In fact, the French fleet ceased to exist, after which France declared a continental blockade of England. This decision prompted the creation of an anti-French coalition, which included England, Russia, Austria and the Kingdom of Naples.
The first battle between France and coalition forces took place at Austerlitz on November 20, 1805, called the Battle of Three Emperors. Napoleon won, and the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist, and France received Italy at its disposal.
In 1806, Napoleon invaded Prussia, which contributed to the emergence of the fourth anti-French coalition from England, Russia, Prussia and Sweden. But Prussia is defeated at Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, and Napoleon occupies Berlin and most of Prussia. On the occupied territory, he creates the Rhine Confederation of 16 German states under his auspices.
Russia continued to conduct military operations in East Prussia, which did not bring her success. On July 7, 1807, she was forced to sign the Peace of Tilsit, thereby recognizing all the conquests of France.
From the conquered Polish lands on the territory of Prussia, Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw. At the end of 1807, Napoleon occupied Portugal and launched an invasion of Spain. The Spanish people opposed the French invaders. The residents of Zaragoza especially distinguished themselves by withstanding the blockade of Napoleon's army of fifty thousand.
The Austrians tried to carry out revenge and in 1809 began fighting, but were defeated at the Battle of Wagram and were forced to conclude the humiliating Peace of Schönbrunn.
By 1810, Napoleon had reached the zenith of his dominance in Europe and began preparing for war with Russia, which remained the only power beyond his control.
In June 1812, he crossed the border of Russia, moved towards Moscow and occupied it. But already in early October he realizes that he has lost decisive battle, flees Russia, leaving his army to the mercy of fate.
The European powers unite into a sixth coalition and deal a crushing blow to the French at Leipzig. This battle, which threw Napoleon back into France, was called the Battle of the Nations.
Allied troops captured and Napoleon I was exiled to the island. Elbe. A peace treaty was signed on May 30, 1814, and France lost all captured territories.
Napoleon managed to escape, gather an army and capture Paris. His revenge lasted 100 days and ended in complete defeat.

France's wars of conquest. Destruction of the army of Napoleon 1 in Russia.

Victories of the French armies in

Napoleon Bonaparte's main attention was directed to wars of conquest and the robbery of neighboring countries, although at the same time some bourgeois orders that were progressive for that time were introduced into them.

Having become first consul, Bonaparte took advantage of the fact that disagreements between Russia and Austria led to the return of Suvorov's army from Switzerland to Russia. Quickly gathering a new army, Bonaparte secretly led it through the Alpine mountain passes and suddenly defeated the Austrian troops. Austria withdrew from the war and signed peace again.

Acting ahead, Bonaparte made more and more new conquests on the European mainland. By his order, Piedmont and Genoa were annexed to French possessions (see. color card).

Bonaparte planned to transport an airborne army to England. He hoped for foggy weather and help from Spain.

But Austria and Russia, together with England, opposed Napoleon. Napoleon was forced to interrupt preparations for the landing in England and urgently move his troops across the Rhine (see map). The Austrian army, surrounded in the city of Ulm, led by General Mack, surrendered without a fight. Meanwhile in naval battle off Cape Trafalgar in October 1805, almost all French and Spanish ships were burned and sunk by the English squadron. Its commander, Admiral Nelson, was mortally wounded by a rifle shot from the mast of a French ship and died as soon as he learned of the complete victory, after which England turned out to be invulnerable for a long time.

The French army invaded Austria and captured Vienna. On December 2, 1805, Napoleon won a decisive victory over the Austrian and Russian armies at Austerlitz.

After Austerlitz, Austria was forced to give Napoleon complete freedom actions in Italy and Germany and recognize his capture of Venice. Having defeated Austria, Napoleon declared the “Holy Roman Empire” destroyed.

In 1806, Napoleon's troops invaded Prussian possessions. The Prussian army was extremely backward. Full drill flourished in it. The highest positions were occupied by ignorant and untalented representatives of the nobility. Napoleon defeated Prussian troops near Jena and entered Berlin. There he signed a decree on continental blockade , prohibited all states of the European continent dependent on France from trading with England. Napoleon hoped to strangle England with a blockade. The announcement of the continental blockade was an important turning point in Napoleon's policy of conquest.

It involved France in an unbearable war for European world domination, without which it was impossible to force other states to stop trading with England.

In the western part of Germany, Napoleon created several dependent states of France and united them into a union under his supreme authority.

In 1807, Napoleon moved his troops against the Russian army. Russian troops fought heroically. Both armies suffered huge losses. In June, the Russian army was defeated. Russia could no longer continue the war, but Napoleon also did not have the strength for a further offensive.

In Tilsit, on a raft in the middle of the Neman River, Alexander I met with Napoleon. The Tsar recognized all the conquests of France and was forced to conclude a treaty of peace and alliance with Napoleon. Russia pledged to break with England and join the continental blockade, although this was extremely ruinous

for Russian trade. Napoleon imposed an indemnity on Prussia and took away most of its territory. From the Polish possessions seized by Prussia in the 18th century, Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw, dependent on France.

People's War in Spain against the French conquerors .

Napoleon decided to force Spain into a continental blockade. In 1808 he moved troops there. But the Spanish people rose up in a war of liberation against the French conquerors (see document at the end of the paragraph). Rebel committees (juntas) arose everywhere and a popular guerrilla war broke out. Napoleon's troops destroyed cities, shot patriots, even killed women and children, but were unable to conquer the proud and independent people of Spain.

The defenders of the city of Zaragoza withstood the siege of 50,000 people for more than two months. French army. Sitting behind the walls of houses and monasteries, the city residents fired guns, showered the conquerors with a hail of stones, and doused them with boiling tar. The guns of murdered husbands and fathers passed into the hands of their wives and children. The French captured the city, losing 15 thousand people, and only after most of its inhabitants had died.

Regular Spanish troops led by patriotic officers and generals also took part in the liberation war. Near the city of Bailen, partisans and troops surrounded the 20,000-strong French corps and forced it to surrender. The news of this spread throughout Europe.

Depending on In Spain during the folk liberation war turned around bourgeois revolution against absolute monarchy. Its center was the city of Cadiz. Parliament met there and in 1812 adopted a constitution that limited the power of the king.

The beginning of the weakening of the Napoleonic Empire.

By 1810, after a new victory over Austria, Napoleon's empire had reached the peak of its power (see color map "Europe during Napoleon's wars of conquest"). At the same time, the beginning of her internal weakening and the growth of the strength of her opponents began to be revealed.

Inside France, dissatisfaction grew with continuous wars, army recruitment, rising taxes, and the continental blockade. Many industrialists went bankrupt from the lack of overseas raw materials.

Dissatisfaction with the continental blockade also grew in Napoleon's countries and in Russia. At the same time, Napoleon's goals remained unattainable. He failed to break his main opponents - England and Russia - and establish dominance over Europe. The attempt to strangle England through a blockade did not lead to success. Her superiority at sea was further strengthened.

Russia retained its independence, continued to trade with England, sending goods there on American ships, and restored and strengthened the army.

France's wars under Napoleon finally turned from revolutionary into aggressive and unjust. In response to this, the peoples of Europe began to rise up in the liberation struggle against the Napoleonic empire. This is what happened in Spain. In the German states, a patriotic upsurge and a desire to defend the independence of the country grew in the progressive circles of society. Napoleon believed that in order to subjugate all of Europe, it was necessary to break the independence of Russia.

|Napoleon's campaign in Russia and the Patriotic War of 1812

Having set himself the unrealistic goal of gaining dominance over Europe, Napoleon gathered an army of 640 thousand people and invaded Russia. His army included many German, Italian and other foreign soldiers who were forcibly sent on the campaign. Napoleon also used the Polish troops of the Duchy of Warsaw.

In Russia, the war took on a national, patriotic character and became Patriotic War against foreign conquerors. The famous Russian commander-in-chief M.I. Kutuzov enjoyed the enormous trust of soldiers and officers. He decided to fight a general battle on the outskirts of Moscow in order to weaken and stop the French army. In the Battle of Borodino on September 7, 1812, the unshakable resilience of the Russian troops and the superiority achieved by Russian artillery made it possible to inflict irreparable losses on Napoleon’s army, although his guard had not yet been brought into battle. The Russian army held its ground on the battlefield, but still Kutuzov had to retreat and leave Moscow to the enemy in order to preserve his remaining forces.

It turned out to be impossible to force Russia to peace. After the fire and sack of Moscow, Napoleon ordered a retreat to avoid certain death. He wanted to go to the southern provinces, rich in grain, for the winter. But Russian troops entered from the south and threw the French army west into the devastated provinces.

The Russian army went on the offensive, pursued the French troops and, together with the partisans, inflicted huge losses on them. The main forces of Napoleon's army were destroyed even before the frosts, which accelerated its death. Napoleon himself, having abandoned his troops even earlier, rushed off to France.

Event, result: The military coup of the 18th Brumaire takes place in France. As a result of the coup, Napoleon came to power in France, taking the post of First Consul of the Republic.

Event, result: Napoleon defeats Italian and Austrian troops at the Battle of Marengo. As a result of this battle, the Italian region of Lombardy goes to France.

Event, result: Defeated Austria is forced to cede its lands to Napoleon. The border between the states now runs along the Rhine and Etsch rivers.

Event, result: The English fleet defeated Napoleon's fleet at the famous Battle of Trafalgar off the coast of Spain.

Event, result: Napoleon defeated his opponents from the “third coalition” in the legendary Battle of Austerlitz. It opposed Napoleon Russian empire and Austria-Hungary. The battle is called in history "the battle of three emperors"

Event, result: A toy Confederation of the Rhine was created, with which Napoleon “conquered” Germany. He received the right to keep his troops there and direct German affairs from France.

Event, result: Entered Warsaw (Poland) with troops

Event, result: The Peace of Tilsit was concluded, which completely consolidated Napoleon's rule in Germany, and now in Poland

Date of: February 1808

Event, result: Napoleon's troops occupied the "eternal city" of Rome and annexed it to the possessions of their commander

Event, result: Defeated the troops of the Austrian emperor, who, after so many years, still did not want to give up, in the Battle of Wagram

Date of: July 1810

Event, result: Napoleon annexed Holland to France

Event, result: Napoleon attacked Russia. His troops crossed the border river Neman without any declaration of war.

Event, result: Battle for Smolensk. The beginning of a nationwide war against the invader. Smolensk was taken by Napoleon only with great effort.

Event, result: The battle on the Borodino field near Moscow. Huge losses for both armies. Actual draw.

Event, result: Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Kutuzov decided to surrender Moscow to Napoleon. Bonaparte enters the city with an army. But there is no food in the city and it was set on fire by the retreating forces.

Event, result: Bonaparte and the French leave the burned, empty Moscow, which has become unnecessary to them. The French retreat begins through half of Russia back to Europe. Bonaparte's army suffers severely from malnutrition, surprise attacks by Kutuzov's army, partisans and bad weather.

Event, result: Battle of Berezina. Napoleon throws 21 thousand (more than half the army) of his soldiers into the hands of the enemy at the crossing of the Berezina River, ordering the bridges to be burned. And goes to the border.

Event, result: Bonaparte returns to Europe with nothing. Less than 10 percent of his soldiers are with him. The French army abandoned by him almost all died in the Russian snows from frost and hunger. France is seething with indignation. Napoleon's authority is destroyed.

Event, result: The Battle of Waterloo with the Seventh Coalition of European Powers, where Russia did not participate. Complete defeat of Bonaparte.

Event, result: The Paris Peace Treaty was concluded in Europe. In France, as a result of it, the royal throne was returned to the previously reigning Bourbon dynasty. Bonaparte is forced to go into exile on the remote island of St. Elena. Where he died later.

Napoleon leads the battle

The Napoleonic Wars (1796-1815) are an era in the history of Europe when France, having taken the capitalist path of development, tried to impose the principles of freedom, equality, fraternity with which its people made their Great Revolution, surrounding states.

The soul of this grand enterprise, its driving force there was a French commander political figure, who eventually became Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. That is why numerous European wars of the early 19th century are called Napoleonic.

“Bonaparte is short and not very slender: his body is too long. Hair is dark brown, eyes are blue-gray; complexion, at first, with youthful thinness, yellow, and then, with age, white, matte, without any blush. His features are beautiful, reminiscent of antique medals. The mouth, a little flat, becomes pleasant when he smiles; The chin is a little short. The lower jaw is heavy and square. His legs and arms are graceful, he is proud of them. The eyes, usually dull, give the face, when it is calm, a melancholy, thoughtful expression; when he gets angry, his gaze suddenly becomes stern and threatening. A smile suits him very well, suddenly makes him look very kind and young; It’s hard to resist him then, as he becomes all prettier and transformed” (from the memoirs of Madame Remusat, a lady-in-waiting at Josephine’s court)

Biography of Napoleon. Briefly

• 1769, August 15 - born in Corsica
• 1779, May-1785, October - training at military schools in Brienne and Paris.
• 1789-1795 - participation in one capacity or another in the events of the Great French Revolution
• 1795, June 13 - appointment as general of the Western Army
• 1795, October 5 - by order of the Convention, the royalist putsch was dispersed.
• 1795, October 26 - appointment as general of the Internal Army.
• 1796, March 9 - marriage to Josephine Beauharnais.
• 1796-1797 - Italian company
• 1798-1799 - Egyptian Company
• 1799, November 9-10 - coup d'etat. Napoleon becomes consul along with Sieyes and Roger-Ducos
• 1802, August 2 - Napoleon was presented with a lifelong consulate
• 1804, May 16 - proclaimed Emperor of the French
• 1807, January 1 - proclamation of the continental blockade of Great Britain
• 1809, December 15 - divorce from Josephine
• 1810, April 2 - marriage to Maria Louise
• 1812, June 24 - the beginning of the war with Russia
• 1814, March 30–31 - the army of the anti-French coalition entered Paris
• 1814, April 4–6 - Napoleon's abdication of power
• 1814, May 4 - Napoleon on the island of Elba.
• 1815, February 26 - Napoleon left Elba
• 1815, March 1 - Napoleon's landing in France
• 1815, March 20 - Napoleon's army entered Paris in triumph
• 1815, June 18 - Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
• 1815, June 22 - second abdication
• 1815, October 16 - Napoleon imprisoned on the island of St. Helena
• 1821, May 5 - death of Napoleon

Napoleon is considered by experts to be the greatest military genius in world history.(Academician Tarle)

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon waged wars not so much with individual states, how many with unions of states. There were seven of these alliances or coalitions in total.
First Coalition (1791-1797): Austria and Prussia. The war of this coalition with France is not included in the list of Napoleonic wars

Second Coalition (1798-1802): Russia, England, Austria, Türkiye, the Kingdom of Naples, several German principalities, Sweden. The main battles took place in the regions of Italy, Switzerland, Austria, and Holland.
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• 1799, April 27 - at the Adda River, the victory of Russian-Austrian troops under the command of Suvorov over the French army under the command of J. V. Moreau
• 1799, June 17 - near the Trebbia River in Italy, the victory of the Russian-Austrian troops of Suvorov over the French army of MacDonald
• 1799, August 15 - at Novi (Italy) victory of the Russian-Austrian troops of Suvorov over the French army of Joubert
• 1799, September 25-26 - at Zurich, the defeat of the coalition troops from the French under the command of Massena
• 1800, June 14 - at Marengo, Napoleon's French army defeated the Austrians
• 1800, December 3 - Moreau's French army defeated the Austrians at Hohenlinden

• 1801, February 9 - Peace of Luneville between France and Austria
• 1801, October 8 - peace treaty in Paris between France and Russia
• 1802, March 25 - Peace of Amiens between France, Spain and the Batavian Republic on the one hand and England on the other

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France established control over the left bank of the Rhine. The Cisalpine (in Northern Italy), Batavian (Holland) and Helvetic (Switzerland) republics are recognized as independent

Third Coalition (1805-1806): England, Russia, Austria, Sweden. The main fighting took place on land in Austria, Bavaria and at sea
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• 1805, October 19 - Napoleon's victory over the Austrians at Ulm
• 1805, October 21 - Defeat of the Franco-Spanish fleet from the British at Trafalgar
• 1805, December 2 - Napoleon's victory over Austerlitz over the Russian-Austrian army (“Battle of the Three Emperors”)

• 1805, December 26 - Peace of Presburg (Presburg - present-day Bratislava) between France and Austria

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Austria ceded to Napoleon the Venetian region, Istria (a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea) and Dalmatia (today mainly belongs to Croatia) and recognized all French conquests in Italy, and also lost its possessions west of Carinthia (today a federal state within Austria)

Fourth Coalition (1806-1807): Russia, Prussia, England. The main events took place in Poland and East Prussia
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• 1806, October 14 - Napoleon's victory at Jena over the Prussian army
• 1806, October 12 Napoleon occupied Berlin
• 1806, December - entry into the war of the Russian army
• 1806, December 24-26 - battles at Charnovo, Golymin, Pultusk, ending in a draw
• 1807, February 7-8 (New Style) - Napoleon’s victory in the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau
• 1807, June 14 - Napoleon's victory in the Battle of Friedland

• 1807, June 25 - Peace of Tilsit between Russia and France

—
Russia recognized all the conquests of France and promised to join the continental blockade of England

Napoleon's Peninsular Wars: Napoleon's attempt to conquer the countries of the Iberian Peninsula.
From October 17, 1807 to April 14, 1814, the fighting between Napoleonic marshals and the Spanish-Portuguese-English forces continued, then fading, then resuming with new ferocity. France never managed to completely subjugate Spain and Portugal, on the one hand because the theater of war was on the periphery of Europe, on the other hand, because of opposition to the occupation of the peoples of these countries

Fifth Coalition (April 9–October 14, 1809): Austria, England. France acted in alliance with Poland, Bavaria, and Russia. main events took place in Central Europe
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• 1809, April 19-22 - the battles of Teugen-Hausen, Abensberg, Landshut, and Eckmühl in Bavaria were victorious for the French.
• The Austrian army suffered one setback after another, things did not work out for the allies in Italy, Dalmatia, Tyrol, Northern Germany, Poland and Holland

• 1809, July 12 - a truce was concluded between Austria and France
• 1809, October 14 - Treaty of Schönbrunn between France and Austria

—
Austria lost access to the Adriatic Sea. France - Istria and Trieste. Western Galicia passed to the Duchy of Warsaw, Bavaria received the Tyrol and Salzburg region, Russia - the Tarnopol district (as compensation for its participation in the war on the side of France)

Sixth Coalition (1813-1814): Russia, Prussia, England, Austria and Sweden, and after the defeat of Napoleon in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in October 1813, the German states of Württemberg and Bavaria joined the coalition. Spain, Portugal and England fought independently with Napoleon on the Iberian Peninsula

The main events of the war of the sixth coalition with Napoleon took place in Central Europe
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• 1813 - Battle of Lutzen. The allies retreated, but in the rear the battle was considered victorious
• 1813, October 16-19 - Napoleon’s defeat from the allied forces in the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of the Nations)
• 1813, October 30-31 - the battle of Hanau, in which the Austro-Bavarian corps unsuccessfully tried to block the retreat of the French army, defeated in the Battle of the Nations
• 1814, January 29 - Napoleon’s victorious battle near Brienne with Russian-Prussian-Austrian forces
• 1814, February 10-14 - victorious battles for Napoleon at Champaubert, Montmiral, Chateau-Thierry, Vauchamps, in which the Russians and Austrians lost 16,000 people
• 1814, March 9 - the battle of the city of Laon (northern France) was successful for the coalition army, in which Napoleon was still able to preserve the army
• 1814, March 20-21 - the battle of Napoleon and the Main Allied Army on the Au River (center of France), in which the coalition army threw back Napoleon’s small army and marched on Paris, which they entered on March 31

• 1814, May 30 - Treaty of Paris, ending Napoleon's war with the countries of the sixth coalition

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France returned to the borders that existed on January 1, 1792, and most of the colonial possessions it had lost during the Napoleonic Wars were returned to it. The monarchy was restored in the country

Seventh Coalition (1815): Russia, Sweden, England, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal. The main events of Napoleon's war with the countries of the seventh coalition took place in France and Belgium.
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• 1815, March 1, Napoleon, who fled from the island, landed in France
• 1815, March 20 Napoleon occupied Paris without resistance

  How the headlines of French newspapers changed as Napoleon approached the French capital:
  “The Corsican monster landed in the Bay of Juan”, “The cannibal goes to the Route”, “The usurper entered Grenoble”, “Bonaparte occupied Lyon”, “Napoleon is approaching Fontainebleau”, “His imperial majesty enters his faithful Paris"

• 1815, March 13, England, Austria, Prussia and Russia outlawed Napoleon, and on March 25 formed the Seventh Coalition against him.
• 1815, mid-June - Napoleon's army entered Belgium
• 1815, June 16, the French defeated the British at Quatre Bras and the Prussians at Ligny
• 1815, June 18 - defeat of Napoleon

Outcome of the Napoleonic Wars

“The defeat of feudal-absolutist Europe by Napoleon had a positive, progressive historical meaning... Napoleon inflicted such irreparable blows on feudalism from which it could never recover, and this is the progressive significance of the historical epic of the Napoleonic wars.”(Academician E.V. Tarle)

Which countries did Napoleon conquer and which countries did he give over to which relatives?

The issue is resolved and closed.

Best answer

6 0

• In America, such a question would be resolved in three stages.
  The leaders and instigators would have been arrested, and those who were especially zealous would have been killed during resistance.
  Protesting “demonstrators” with weapons in their hands are imprisoned for a long time, maimed or killed.
  Unarmed, they are beaten with batons and washed with water cannons until they disperse.
  According to the chronicle of the video, the level of responsibility of everyone, even the muzzle, is established
  wearing masks are entered into the database, personal identification is made and
  are invited to court. For damage caused to the architectural integrity of the territory
  huge fines for every socially dangerous action, such as a spill
  for bottles of flammable mixture - charges of terrorism and up to life imprisonment
  term. Harsh but fair.
  Only State Power has a monopoly on the use of Force in the country!
  Only the Authority has the legal RIGHT to use Force!
  Moreover, the Authority MUST use Force for the sake of the highest values: the savings of the country and citizens!
  There is such a duty - protecting the Constitution!

• got greedy.

  There’s no way to do this alone, people need to want it themselves and take some action, but our people are not that... cowardly. For some reason, in our country no one goes on strike, does not organize rallies like those abroad, for example, the same janitors announced that we will not clean the streets until the salary is raised to the norm and that’s it, everyone doesn’t work for a day - two - three. then the result will be where to go, and of course, the authorities don’t care about you all, no one will force them to work for the good. But we don’t have the people to do this, there are too many cattle, the people are like sheep, the wolf has all appeared in the bushes and is sitting crying that the salaries are lousy, etc. And to get off your asses and really rebel against, well, I don’t have the spirit. The mentality is so fucked up. The laws are just like bullshit, they need to be rewritten because they don’t fulfill their function. In general, there are 2 options: either the current government impales everyone, and by force, through corpses. or wait until some other country picks us up for our debts and establishes its own government here with its own laws, etc.

  San Francisco:)) cool isn't it?:))