With what chimes the New Year begins. With what strike of the chimes does the New Year begin? (8 photos). After the last blow

For Russians, these sounds, like champagne and Olivier salad, have long been an integral attribute of the New Year. Only the main question is, when exactly it occurs, there is still no complete clarity - with the chime of the bell, with the first or last strike of the chimes. The exact Kremlin time is kept behind iron bars. Access to the holy of holies, the Spasskaya Tower, is only accompanied. Regime object. No elevators. Almost 10 floors up on foot along ancient spiral staircases. Each hand is 3 meters, the dial itself is 6. The size is not so noticeable from the paving stones, but the main clock of the country occupies several floors. Wheels and gears larger than a man, a huge musical drum, a 32-kilogram pendulum - in total, the entire structure weighs more than 25 tons. In all other respects, the chimes are the most ordinary mechanical watches.
Evgeny Fedoseev, head of the Time Service of the Astronomical Institute. Sternberg: " New Year occurs at the first sound of the chimes. Ding-ding-ding. It’s already the New Year and we need to shout, congratulate and celebrate, but all these blows and signs come later.” The wheels started turning. Began. This is how the arrival of the new year to replace the old one looks like in the heart of the main clock of the country. And if we approach the problem even more pedantically, then here it is: The moment of the onset of the new year is a conditional and relative concept. How to negotiate. If you live in a city, then at its different ends (west - east) the moment 24-00 LOCAL TIME will be at different time. In mid-latitudes, with a difference in distance of about 15 km, the difference will already be a minute.
So: The first strike of twelve sounds ten seconds after the start of a new day. And their change occurs when the chimes begin to chime. That is, the beginning of the chime coincides with the instant of the change of day. At zero hours zero minutes zero seconds the chime begins. Ten seconds later the first strike of the bell sounds, chiming the whole hour.
The first clocks appeared in Moscow in 1404. At that time Moscow was already big city, and the Kremlin is the residence of the Grand Dukes. The Kremlin clock was one of the first in Europe and was considered a miracle of its time. This clock was located in the courtyard of Grand Duke Vasily Dimitrievich on Cathedral Square, not far from the Annunciation Cathedral. The chronicler described their structure in the following way: “This watchmaker will be called the clock; at every hour he strikes the bell with a hammer, measuring and counting the hours of the night and day; not a man striking, but human-like, self-resonant and self-moving, strangely created somehow by human cunning, pre-imagined and cunning.” It is not known exactly when the Kremlin tower clock appeared. There is an assumption that they were placed on the Spasskaya Tower shortly after its construction (1491). However, documentary evidence of this relates to XVI century. Who made the clock and what it was like has not yet been established exactly. IN early XVII centuries, these watches were sold to Yaroslavl, and from the surviving bill of sale we know that they weighed 960 kilograms. But the documents do not mention what kind of call they received. A second clock appeared on the Spasskaya Tower, which was built in 1625. They were assembled under the leadership of the English master Christopher Golovey, who was invited to install the chimes by Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Thirty bells, cast by master Kirill Samoilov, chimed every hour. This mechanism was repaired several times after numerous Kremlin fires, but the chimes did not survive the fire of July 19, 1701. New chimes, by order of Peter the Great, were delivered from Amsterdam to Moscow on 30 carts. They struck the hours and quarters and performed the chime on 33 bells. It is known for certain that Muscovites heard it for the first time on December 9, 1706 at 9 am. Alas, this watch suffered the same sad fate as the previous mechanisms. They were repaired several times, but after the fire of 1737 the chimes stopped working for good. In 1763, a “large chime clock” made in England was removed from the premises under the Chamber of Facets. It took master Ivan Polyansky three years to install them on the Spasskaya Tower. The mechanism served faithfully for several decades, during which its parts wore out and the clock stopped working. Their repairs were carried out at the Butenop brothers' factories for two years. There, a musical mechanism was re-created that performed the march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment from the times of Peter the Great and the melody of D.S. Bortnyansky “How Glorious is Our Lord in Zion.” In 1860, the chimes surprised Muscovites with a new melody. It was the German mechanic Fatz, invited to service the watch, who retuned the copper musical shaft to the simple melody of “Ah, my dear Augustine.” However, Nicholas the First considered this song unworthy of the main clock of the state. By the way, earlier Nicholas did not allow the shaft to be tuned to “God Save the Tsar,” believing that the chimes should not play the national anthem. In the revolutionary year of 1917, a shell hit the dial of the chimes, and the watch was repaired in 1919 by master N.V. Berne. Now the melodies of the “Internationale” and the funeral march “You have fallen a victim” were played on the musical shaft. These two melodies alternated (at noon and midnight) and sounded until 1932, when it was decided to leave only “Internationale”. In 1938, the performance of this melody stopped. Now the chimes only struck quarters and whole hours. In 1974, the chimes were stopped for one hundred days. During this time, the watch mechanism was completely disassembled, all worn parts were replaced. A device for automatic lubrication of parts was designed. But the musical mechanism was never repaired. On the eve of collapse Soviet Union The plenum of the Central Committee decided that the chimes should play the national anthem, written by Alexandrov. However, experts who examined the musical mechanism came to the conclusion that it was impossible to play this melody with the available bells. Everyone probably knows the principle of operation of an ordinary music box. It was invented several centuries ago, but was especially widespread in the 18th and 19th centuries, when even pocket watches, cigarette cases and snuff boxes played various melodies. The musical mechanism had a so-called program cylinder, seated with small short pins. When the cylinder rotated, they set thin metal plates into sound. The Kremlin chimes also have a program cylinder, but its diameter is about 2 meters and its width is more than 2 meters. The mechanism is driven by a heavy weight weighing more than 200 kilograms. After the clock strikes, the chime mechanism stopper is disabled. A huge cylinder bristling with a thousand steel pins rotates slowly. The sizes of the chime bells are different, therefore they produce different sounds: from a thick bass to a ringing treble. The weight of bells depends on their size - from tens to hundreds of kilograms. The weight of the largest bell is 500 kilograms. When the program cylinder rotates, the pins touch a special device like a pedal. The pedal is connected by a steel cable to a striking mechanism (it is located above, on the 10th floor, where the bells hang). The cable pulls away from the edge of the bell special form hammer, the pin breaks off the pedal, and the hammer hits the edge of the bell, producing sound from it. While over the course of many decades the Kremlin chimes underwent all sorts of alterations, the clock mechanism always worked properly and almost never stopped.
And the music of the Moscow chimes did not sound until 1996. Then the inauguration of B.N. took place. Yeltsin, to which the music center was again repaired. This time he was “taught” to perform “Patriotic Song” and “Glory” by Glinka. To do this, we recorded the sound of each bell and analyzed both melodies using a computer. Smart electronics suggested how many bells and what tone were missing. Three missing bells were cast in Holland, delivered to Moscow and installed on the belfry. And today you can hear Glinka’s melodies performed by the Moscow chimes. Of course, if you find yourself on Red Square at noon or midnight.

With what strike of the chimes on the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower New Year is coming? With the first? No! Is it really the last one? Also no!

The first strike of twelve sounds ten seconds after the start of a new day. And their change occurs when the chimes begin to chime. More precisely, of course, it’s the other way around: the beginning of the chime coincides with the moment the day changes. At zero hours zero minutes zero seconds chime starts. Ten seconds later the first strike of the bell sounds, chiming the whole hour.

By the way, at different times the Moscow Kremlin chimes played different melodies. A tower clock appeared on the Spasskaya Tower back at the end of the 15th century under Ivan the Third. At the beginning of the 17th century, this watch was sold to Yaroslavl, and from the surviving bill of sale we know that it weighed 960 kilograms. But the documents do not mention what kind of call they received.

A second clock appeared on the Spasskaya Tower, which was built in 1625. They were assembled under the leadership of the English master Christopher Golovey, who was invited to install the chimes by Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Thirty bells, cast by master Kirill Samoilov, chimed every hour. This mechanism was repaired several times after numerous Kremlin fires, but fire July 19, 1701 the chimes did not survive.

New chimes, by order of Peter the Great, were delivered from Amsterdam to Moscow on 30 carts. They struck the hours and quarters and performed the chime on 33 bells. It is known for certain that Muscovites heard it for the first time on December 9, 1706 at 9 am.

Alas, this watch suffered the same sad fate as the previous mechanisms. They were repaired several times, but after the fire of 1737 The chimes finally rose.

In 1763, a “large chime clock” made in England was removed from the premises under the Chamber of Facets. It took master Ivan Polyansky three years to install them on the Spasskaya Tower. The mechanism served faithfully for several decades, during which its parts wore out and the clock stopped working. Their repairs were carried out at the Butenop brothers' factories for two years. There, a musical mechanism was re-created that performed the march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment from the times of Peter the Great and the melody of D.S. Bortnyansky “How Glorious is Our Lord in Zion.” So that the belfry could play these melodies, it was supplemented with 24 bells. 16 of them were removed from the Trinity Tower and 8 from Borovitskaya. After this, the number of bells in the belfry reached 58, and 13 of them were cast for Golovey’s chimes.

In 1860, the chimes surprised Muscovites with a new melody. It was the German mechanic Fatz, invited to service the watch, who retuned the copper musical shaft to the simple melody of “Ah, my dear Augustine.” However, Nicholas the First considered this song unworthy of the main clock of the state. By the way, earlier Nicholas did not allow the shaft to be tuned to “God Save the Tsar,” believing that the chimes should not play the national anthem.

In the revolutionary year of 1917, a shell hit the dial of the chimes, and the watch was repaired in 1919 by master N.V. Berne. Now the melodies of the “Internationale” and the funeral march “You have fallen a victim” were played on the musical shaft. These two melodies alternated (at noon and midnight) and sounded until 1932, when it was decided to leave only “Internationale”. In 1938, the performance of this melody stopped. Now the chimes only struck quarters and whole hours.

In 1974, the chimes were stopped for a hundred days. During this time, the watch mechanism was completely disassembled, all worn parts were replaced. A device for automatic lubrication of parts was designed. But the musical mechanism was never repaired.

On the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Plenum of the Central Committee decided that the chimes should play the national anthem, written by Alexandrov. However, experts who examined the musical mechanism came to the conclusion that the existing bells it is impossible to play this melody.

And the music of the Moscow chimes did not sound until 1996. Then the inauguration of B.N. took place. Yeltsin, to which the music center was again repaired. This time he was “taught” to perform “Patriotic Song” and “Glory” by Glinka. To do this, we recorded the sound of each bell and analyzed both melodies using a computer. Smart electronics suggested how many bells and what tone were missing. The three missing bells were cast in Holland, delivered to Moscow and installed on the belfry.

And today you can hear Glinka’s melodies performed by the Moscow chimes. Of course, if you find yourself on Red Square at noon or midnight.

For Russians, the sounds of the chimes, like champagne and Olivier salad, have long been an integral attribute of the New Year.

Many people believe that they should clink glasses of champagne after the Kremlin chimes strike 12 times. This misconception arose back in Soviet era: When time signals were broadcast on the radio, the last radio signal corresponded to the beginning of a new hour. But this does not apply to the chiming clock. There is another opinion: the New Year supposedly begins with the first blow. This is also not true.

Now I’ll tell you when to “clink glasses”...

The exact Kremlin time is kept behind iron bars. Access to the holy of holies, the Spasskaya Tower, is only accompanied. Regime object. No elevators. Almost 10 floors up on foot along ancient spiral staircases.

Each hand is 3 meters, the dial itself is 6 meters. The size is not so noticeable from the paving stones, but the main clock of the country occupies several floors. Wheels and gears larger than a man, a huge musical drum, a 32-kilogram pendulum - in total, the entire structure weighs more than 25 tons. In all other respects, the chimes are the most ordinary mechanical watches.

Here, at the astronomical time service of the Sternberg Institute, they know everything about them, observe the stars, study the rotation of the Earth and continuously receive signals from satellites so that the chimes constantly receive reports about the most accurate Moscow time. Here they know the answer to the main question.

Evgeny Fedoseev, head of the Time Service of the Astronomical Institute. Sternberg: “The New Year begins at the first sound of the chimes. Ding-ding-ding. It’s already the New Year and we need to shout, congratulate and celebrate, but all these blows and signs come later.”

The wheels started turning. Began. This is how the arrival of the new year to replace the old one looks like in the heart of the main clock of the country.

And if we approach the problem even more pedantically, here it is:

The moment of the new year is a conditional and relative concept. How to negotiate. If you live in a city, then at different ends of it (west - east) the moment 24-00 LOCAL TIME (!) will be at different times. In mid-latitudes, with a difference in distance of about 15 km, the difference will already be a minute.

So:

The first strike of twelve sounds ten seconds after the start of a new day. And their change occurs when the chimes begin to chime. More precisely, of course, it’s the other way around: the beginning of the chime coincides with the moment the day changes. At zero hours zero minutes zero seconds chime starts. Ten seconds later, the first strike of the bell sounds, striking the whole hour.

The first clocks in Moscow appeared in 1404. At that time, Moscow was already a big city, and the Kremlin was the residence of the great princes. The Kremlin clock was one of the first in Europe and was considered a miracle of its time. This clock was located in the courtyard of Grand Duke Vasily Dimitrievich on Cathedral Square, not far from the Annunciation Cathedral. The chronicler described their structure in the following way: “This watchmaker will be called the clock; at every hour he strikes the bell with a hammer, measuring and counting the hours of the night and day; not a man striking, but human-like, self-resonant and self-moving, strangely created somehow by human cunning, pre-imagined and cunning.”

About the clockmaker it is written in the chronicle: “The prince himself conceived the clockmaker, and the clock was installed by a Serb monk named Lazar.” For installation of the clock they paid 150 rubles, a large amount for that time.

It is not known exactly when the Kremlin tower clock appeared. There is an assumption that they were placed on the Spasskaya Tower shortly after its construction (1491). However, documentary evidence of this dates back to the 16th century. Who made the clock and what it was like has not yet been established exactly. In archival materials only from 1585 there is a mention of the watchmakers of the Frolovsky (Spassky), Trinity and Tainitsky gates. Documents have been preserved that show that watchmakers received 4 rubles and 2 hryvnias per year for their work and 4 arshins of cloth for clothes.

At the beginning of the 17th century, this watch was sold to Yaroslavl, and from the surviving bill of sale we know that it weighed 960 kilograms. But the documents do not mention what kind of call they received.

A second clock appeared on the Spasskaya Tower, which was built in 1625. They were assembled under the leadership of the English master Christopher Golovey, who was invited to install the chimes by Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Thirty bells, cast by master Kirill Samoilov, chimed every hour. This mechanism was repaired several times after numerous Kremlin fires, but fire July 19, 1701 the chimes did not survive.

New chimes, by order of Peter the Great, were delivered from Amsterdam to Moscow on 30 carts. They struck the hours and quarters and rang 33 bells. It is known for certain that Muscovites heard it for the first time on December 9, 1706 at 9 am.

Alas, this watch suffered the same sad fate as the previous mechanisms. They were repaired several times, but after the fire of 1737 The chimes finally rose.

In 1763, a “large chime clock” made in England was removed from the premises under the Chamber of Facets. It took master Ivan Polyansky three years to install them on the Spasskaya Tower. The mechanism served faithfully for several decades, during which its parts wore out and the clock stopped working. Their repairs were carried out at the Butenop brothers' factories for two years. There, a musical mechanism was re-created that performed the march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment from the times of Peter the Great and the melody of D.S. Bortnyansky “How Glorious is Our Lord in Zion.” So that the belfry could play these melodies, it was supplemented with 24 bells. 16 of them were removed from the Trinity Tower and 8 from Borovitskaya. After this, the number of bells in the belfry reached 58, and 13 of them were cast for the Golovei chimes.

In 1860, the chimes surprised Muscovites with a new melody. It was the German mechanic Fatz, invited to service the clock, who retuned the copper musical shaft to the simple melody “Ah, my dear Augustine.” However, Nicholas the First considered this song unworthy of the main clock of the state. By the way, earlier Nicholas did not allow the shaft to be tuned to “God Save the Tsar,” believing that the chimes should not play the national anthem.

In the revolutionary year of 1917, a shell hit the dial of the chimes, and the watch was repaired in 1919 by master N.V. Berne. Now the melodies of the “Internationale” and the funeral march “You have fallen a victim” were played on the musical shaft. These two melodies alternated (at noon and midnight) and sounded until 1932, when it was decided to leave only “Internationale”. In 1938, the performance of this melody stopped. Now the chimes only chimed quarters and whole hours.

In 1974, the chimes were stopped for a hundred days. During this time, the watch mechanism was completely disassembled, all worn parts were replaced. A device for automatic lubrication of parts was designed. But the musical mechanism was never repaired.

On the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Plenum of the Central Committee decided that the chimes should play the national anthem, written by Alexandrov. However, experts who examined the musical mechanism came to the conclusion that the available bells it is impossible to play this melody.

Everyone probably knows the principle of operation of an ordinary music box. It was invented several centuries ago, but was especially widespread in the 18th and 19th centuries, when even pocket watches, cigarette cases and snuff boxes played various melodies. The musical mechanism had a so-called program cylinder, seated with small short pins. When the cylinder rotated, they set thin metal plates into sound.

The Kremlin chimes also have a program cylinder, but its diameter is about 2 meters and its width is more than 2 meters. The mechanism is driven by a heavy weight weighing more than 200 kilograms.

After the clock strikes, the chime mechanism stopper is disabled. A huge cylinder bristling with a thousand steel pins rotates slowly. Busy with pins

30 tracks for one piece and 30 for another. Each track is dedicated to one bell. The sizes of the chime bells are different, therefore they produce different sounds: from a thick bass to a ringing treble. The weight of bells depends on their size - from tens to hundreds of kilograms. The largest bell weighs 500 kilograms.

When the program cylinder rotates, the pins touch a special device like a pedal. The pedal is connected by a steel cable to a striking mechanism (it is located above, on the 10th floor, where the bells hang). A cable pulls a specially shaped hammer from the edge of the bell, the pin breaks off the pedal, and the hammer hits the edge of the bell, producing sound from it.

While over the course of many decades the Kremlin chimes underwent all sorts of alterations, the clock mechanism always worked properly and almost never stopped.

And the music of the Moscow chimes did not sound until 1996. Then the inauguration of B.N. took place. Yeltsin, to which the music center was again repaired. This time he was “taught” to perform “Patriotic Song” and “Glory” by Glinka. To do this, we recorded the sound of each bell and analyzed both melodies using a computer. Smart electronics suggested how many bells and what tone were missing. The three missing bells were cast in Holland, delivered to Moscow and installed on the belfry.

And today you can hear Glinka’s melodies performed by the Moscow chimes. Of course, if you find yourself on Red Square at noon or midnight.

Congratulations to all readers of my blog on the upcoming 2017, I wish you all the best in your personal life and work. Take care of yourself and your loved ones!

Every year on December 31st, not all of us go to the bathhouse with friends, but everyone gets ready for the celebration. The nervous worries that begin in the morning end with a long-awaited feast. The culmination of the holiday is the striking of the Kremlin chimes. To this sweet sound we open the champagne and pour it into glasses. New Year is coming. But when exactly does this happen - with the first or with the last strike of the country's main clock?

There are two answers to the age-old New Year's question.

After the last blow

When is January 1st? Obviously, with the change of day. Nevertheless, most residents of Russia believe that the New Year begins after the twelfth strike of the chimes. With the first chord of the anthem.

After the first blow

Some of our compatriots have a different opinion. The New Year begins after the first chime, and the next eleven have a symbolic meaning.

Both points of view are wrong. The New Year begins even before we hear the chimes of the legendary tower - with the start of the chime. When will 2019 start? Ten seconds before the first chime. Therefore, we usually celebrate the New Year with a slight delay.

Main clock of the country

The chiming clock has been familiar to us since childhood. Therefore, it seems that the clock on the Spasskaya Tower has always existed. But that's not true. The famous chimes have predecessors. It is unknown what the first ones looked like. The second ones appeared under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and were created according to the design of an English watchmaker. They existed for only forty years.

The third clock was installed under Peter I and did not look as pretentious as the previous ones, known throughout the world. They were damaged in a fire in 1737 and restored only during the reign of Catherine II. A complete reconstruction of the chimes was carried out in the middle of the 19th century. They worked flawlessly for more than 60 years and only stopped in 1917 after they were hit by a shell.

Over the past hundred years, the clock on the Spasskaya Tower has been modernized many times. Last time- in 1999.

The leader of the Socialist Revolutionaries told Life that the first five strikes of the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin count down the last seconds of the outgoing year. And on the sixth stroke, the countdown of a new hour, a new day and a new year begins. Experts refute this statement - according to them, the new year does not begin with the first blow, not with the sixth and not with the last. The New Year begins as soon as the music (chimes) of the Spasskaya Tower starts.

The main watchmaker of the country, head of the Time Service of the Astronomical Institute. Sternberg Evgeny Fedoseev explained that the new year begins with the first sounds of the chime, before the chimes strike. Fedoseev also commented to Life that the tradition of ringing the bell before a fight appeared in the last century.

The new year already begins with the first “ding-ding-ding”, the chiming clock is already the first seconds of the next day. And in the case of December 31, the chimes will sound in 2019,” the watchmaker added.

Moscow expert Mikhail Fedorov confirmed that you can rejoice in the coming of 2019 from the first notes of the melody that sounds from the Spasskaya Tower. The first chimes were installed on Frolovskaya tower Kremlin, this is what the Spasskaya Tower was previously called, in 1642 by master Christopher Galovey. The clock played a completely different melody.

Under Nicholas II, the chimes played “God Save the Tsar!”, said Mikhail Fedorov. - And when Vladimir Lenin was in the Kremlin, the Internationale was heard in the square. Today, pleasant music is playing from the Spasskaya Tower (at 6 o'clock, at noon, at 18 o'clock and at midnight - the Russian anthem, at 3, 9, 15 and 21 o'clock - "Glory" by Mikhail Glinka.- Note ed.), the countdown to the new year begins with it.

Publicist and winner of numerous mind games Anatoly Wasserman also stated that the new year begins with the first sound of the chimes, even before the hour strike. Wasserman explains this by the device mechanical watches, in which the onset of the combat mechanism is easier to synchronize with exact time. The number of strikes in different watches is different, Wasserman explained, and the chime takes different times, so coordinating the first sound of the chimes with the exact time is incomparably simpler than building a mechanism that allows the chimes to start striking.

The New Year begins with the first sounds of the chimes. Therefore, it is better to clink glasses of champagne at the first chime, and to finish drinking this sparkling drink at the last strike of the clock,” added Wasserman.

In fact, it is not so important at what exact second the new year begins. The main thing is to meet him in a good mood and in good company. Many people make a wish and think about it from the first chime to the last. Then, according to the sign, it will definitely come true.