Joachim von Ribbentrop - biography of the German Foreign Minister. Jim Baggott the secret history of the atomic bomb Foreign Minister Ribbentrop what was his rank
Schmückle, Georg (born 1917) - German general.
Schniewind, Willy (1890–1978) - manufacturer, relative of Anneliese Ribbentrop.
Schniewind, Franziska (1898–1980) - sister of Anneliese Ribbentrop.
Schnurre, Karl Julius (1898–1990) - head of the trade and political department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Speer, Albert (1905–1981) - German architect, since 1942 Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions.
Spengler, Oswald (1880–1936) - German historiosophist, cultural historian and publicist.
Spiezi, Reinhard (born 1912) - Secretary to the German Ambassador in London until 1938, until 1939 Foreign Office Attaché, Aide-de-Camp and Personal Assistant to the Foreign Minister.
Steiner, Felix (1896–1966) - Waffen-SS general.
Stauffenberg, Klaus Schenck, Count von (1907–1944) - German officer, one of the central figures of the Resistance to National Socialism among the military.
Steengracht von Moyland, Ilse Marie, Baroness (1908–1964) - wife of the Secretary of State.
Steengracht von Moyland, Gustav Adolf, Baron (1902–1969) - German diplomat and politician, member of Ribbentrop's staff, Secretary of State since 1943.
Stelzer, Marianne - family friend.
Stohlmeier, Louis (1918–1943) - platoon commander, Untersturmführer.
Strasser, Gregor (1892–1934) - NSDAP politician, killed during the Röhm Putsch.
Strauss, Franz-Josef (1915–1988) - Minister of Defense (1956–1962), for many years Minister-President of the Federal State of Bavaria.
Stresemann, Gustav (1878–1929) - Reich Chancellor (1923–1929).
Schulenburg, Fritz (Frederick Werner), Count von der (1875–1944) - German Ambassador in Moscow (1934–1941).
Schultz, Fritz-Rudolph (1917–2002) - cousin of Anneliese von Ribbentrop; Commissioner for Military Affairs (Bundeswehr) (1970–1975).
Schumacher, Kurt (1895–1952) - German politician, social democrat.
Schustereit, Hartmut - historian.
Schuschnigg, Kurt (1897–1977) - Chancellor of Austria (1934–1938).
Schüle, Walter (born 1923) - Oberscharführer.
Edward (Edward) VIII (1894–1972) - from January until his abdication in December 1936, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Emperor of India.
Eisenhower, Dwight (1890–1969) - President of the United States (1953–1961), Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces during World War II.
Ayres-Moncel, Bolton (1881–1969) - Lord of the Admiralty (1931–1936).
Eichmann, Adolf (1906–1962) - head of the "emigration and purification" department of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), one of the main organizers of the deportation of Jews.
Eckermann, Johann Peter (1792–1854) - German poet, trusted by Goethe.
Engels, Friedrich (1820–1895) - German philosopher, revolutionary communist.
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (born 1929) - German writer.
Epp, Franz Xavier, Ritter von (1868–1946) - professional military man, politician, imperial governor in Bavaria (1933–1945).
Eppinger, Hans (Jr.) (1879–1946) - Professor and Director of the Clinic of Internal Medicine at the Vienna General Hospital.
Epting, Karl (1905–1979) - German historian and philologist-novelist.
Herriot, Edouard (1872–1957) - French politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1924–1925) and Minister-President (1932).
Etzdorf, Hasso von (1900–1989) - German Ambassador, Mission Advisor.
Junge, Traudl (1920–2002) - one of Hitler's secretaries.
Junger, Ernst (1895–1998) - writer, front-line officer in the First World War.
Janssen, Karl Heinz (born 1930) - editor of Die Zeit (weekly) and historian.
Ferdinand Ribbentrop, grandfather of Joachim von Ribbentrop, major, Brunswick artilleryman
Friedrich von Ribbentrop, Quartermaster General of the Prussian Army, President of the Prussian Supreme Court of Auditors (1768–1841)
Karl von Ribbentrop (1822–1893). Knight of the Order Pour le Merite (1864). His daughter Gertrude (1863–1943) adopted Joachim von Ribbentrop in 1925
Joachim von Ribbentrop's parents: Richard Ribbentrop and Sophie Ribbentrop, née Hertwy
Front row, middle: Lieutenant of the 12th Hussars Joachim von Ribbentrop in the Baltics (1915)
Father Richard Ribbentrop, Major
Anneliese von Ribbentrop with father-in-law Richard Ribbentrop
Ribbentrop's parents, Hitler, children Ursula and Adolf, Joachim and Anneliese von Ribbentrop, Julius Schaub (Hitler's chief aide-de-camp) and Walter Hevel (Hitler's permanent representative of the Reich Foreign Minister) in front of the Ribbentrop house in Dahlem in 1939
Joachim von Ribbentrop with Hitler and children Adolf and Ursula over coffee at the Foreign Office
Family of the Reich Foreign Minister, from left to right: top row - Rudolf and Bettina, center - Anneliese and Joachim von Ribbentrop, bottom - Adolf and Ursula (1936)
With the Lehndorff family East Prussia, 1942 or 1943
Ribbentrop with magnifying glass and violin at Fuschl, circa 1943–1944
At the Foreign Office (circa 1940), top row from left: Schweimer (mission adviser first class), Halem, Gottfriedsen, bottom left: Dernberg, Gaus, Schmidt (press secretary), right: Erich Kordt
From 1939 to 1945, German Foreign Minister.
Ril Nikolaus (Ril Nikolai Vasilievich). German industrial chemist. Born in Russia. He worked on the production of uranium at the Auer plant in Oranienburg. Captured in 1945 Soviet troops. Over the next 10 years, Riehl participated in the Soviet atomic program.
Robb Roger. American lawyer. State prosecutor during Oppenheimer's integrity hearings.
Renneberg Joachim Holmbo. Norwegian saboteur. Led the successful Gunnerside raid on the Vemork heavy water plant.
Rosbaud Paul (Paul). Austrian chemist, editor of the scientific journal Die Naturwissenschaften, consultant at the German publishing house Springer Verlag. SRS agent. Helped Lise Meitner escape from Nazi Germany.
Rosenberg Julius. American engineer and Soviet spy. Messenger. Recruited several industrial
spies, including his brother-in-law, Los Alamos employee David Greenglass. In 1953, he and his wife Ethel were executed.
Rosenfeld Leon. Belgian physicist. Collaborated with Bohr and worked under his leadership at the Institute theoretical physics in Copenhagen.
Rotblat Joseph. Polish physicist. He worked with James Chadwick in Liverpool. At the beginning of 1944 he joined the British delegation from Pipe Alloys. At the beginning of 1945, he stopped working on the project when it became obvious that the Nazis had no nuclear weapons. Outstanding fighter for nuclear disarmament. Secretary General Pugosa Conferences on Science and international relations. In 1995 received Nobel Prize peace.
Rosenthal Stefan. Polish physicist. In 1938 he emigrated to Denmark and became Niels Bohr's personal assistant.
Sax Alexander. American economist and banker. In 1939, he gave a letter from Einstein to US President Franklin Roosevelt.
Sakharov Andrey Dmitrievich. Soviet physicist. He led the development of the first Soviet thermonuclear bomb. In 1950 he began working in Arzamas-16. He subsequently became a prominent anti-proliferation activist and civil rights activist. In 1975 he received the Nobel Peace Prize.
Sato Naotake. Japanese diplomat. Ambassador to the Soviet Union.
Sax Seville. American teacher and Soviet intelligence officer. Friend and contact of Theodore Hall.
Scherrer Paul. Swiss physicist. He worked as an informant for the British SRS and the American OSS.
Schumann Erich. German physicist and administrator. Grandson of composer Robert Schumann. He worked for the German Army Weapons Office and supervised the German atomic program from 1939–1942.
Seaborg Glenn Theodore. American chemist. Pioneer of nuclear chemistry. Developed by chemical methods release of plutonium. Participated, independently and jointly, in the discovery of many new elements. In 1951, together with Ed MacMillan, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1961 he became head of the US Atomic Energy Commission.
Segre Emilio Gino. Italian physicist-emigrant. He worked in Rome in Enrico Fermi's group. In 1938 he went to America and joined Ernest Lawrence's research group in the radiation laboratory. At Los Alamos he studied problems associated with the spontaneous fission of uranium-235 and plutonium nuclei. In 1959 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Serber Robert. American physicist. Studied with Robert Oppenheimer. At Los Alamos, he developed structural elements atomic weapons. He was part of the scientific team that assembled bombs on Thingyan Atoll and prepared them for release. Author of the Los Alamos Primer.
Sigbahn Karl Manneh Georg. Swedish physicist and Nobel laureate. Contributed by Lise Meitner workplace and the laboratory after her flight from Germany.
Silva Pier de. American counterintelligence operative for G-2.
Simon Franz Eugen (Simon Francis). German physicist-emigrant. Worked on the M.O.D. Committee and in “Pipe Alloys” on gas diffusion technology for the separation of uranium-235. Knighted in 1954.
Skinnarlan Einar. Norwegian operative agent U SO. Radio operator. Participated in sabotage raids on the plant in Vemork.
Slater John Clark. American physicist. Member of the advisory group of the American National Academy.
Slotin Louis Alexander. Canadian physicist. In 1946, during an accident at Los Alamos, he received a lethal dose of radiation.
Snow Charles Percy. British physicist and novelist. From 1940 to 1960 he held a number of posts in the British government. Knighted in 1957. In 1964 he became a life peer.
Serle Rolf. Norwegian engineer. Helped the Gunnerside group during a successful sabotage in Vemork. Participated in the sinking of the Hydro ferry.
Speer Albert. German architect and Minister of Armaments and War Industry.
Stimson Henry Lewis. American politician. Secretary of Defense in the Roosevelt and Truman administrations from 1940 to 1945.
Storhaug Hans. Norwegian saboteur. Member of the Gunnerside group.
RIBBENTROP, JOACHIM VON
(Ribbentrop), (1893-1946), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany, adviser to Hitler on foreign policy. Born on April 30, 1893 in Wessel in the family of an officer. He studied in Kassel and Metz, then worked in England, the USA and Canada as a commercial representative of a small export-import wine trading company. This gave him a certain outlook, life experience and excellent knowledge of French and English languages, which the Fuhrer subsequently highly valued in him. With the outbreak of World War I, Ribbentrop returned to Germany and volunteered for a hussar regiment. He took part in battles on the Eastern Front, was wounded, was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, and rose to the rank of Oberleutnant. In 1915, Ribbentrop was sent to work in the German military mission in Turkey. After the end of World War I, he began commercial activities. Marriage to the daughter of the largest German champagne producer, Otto Henkel, opened up broad prospects for him. By 1925 Ribbentrop was already a successful businessman. His luxurious Berlin mansion was eagerly visited by industrialists, politicians, journalists and cultural figures. Since 1930, Hitler, Goering, Himmler and other Nazi leaders became frequent guests in Ribbentrop's house. Ribbentrop played exceptionally important role in ensuring the Nazis' rise to power. In his house, negotiations were held on the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor between the leaders of the NSDAP on the one hand and representatives of President Hindenburg and the right-wing bourgeois parties on the other.
On May 1, 1932, Ribbentrop joined the NSDAP and received the rank of SS Standartenführer. Although the vain and arrogant Ribbentrop irritated many Nazi leaders, Hitler, who favored him, put him at the head of the specially created foreign policy body of the NSDAP - the so-called. "Ribbentrop Bureau", designed to operate in parallel with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The bureau was gradually filled with people from the SS, and Ribbentrop himself, who was close friends with Himmler, soon received the high rank of SS-Obergruppenführer (general). In the fall of 1934, the Fuhrer instructed Ribbentrop to prepare the ground for close German-Japanese cooperation, assigning him the rank of “plenipotentiary for foreign policy issues at the headquarters of Deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess” and “ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Third Reich.” He was tasked with negotiating and signing the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935. On August 11, 1936, Ribbentrop was appointed German Ambassador to Great Britain, and on February 4, 1938, Foreign Minister of the Third Reich. From that time on, he played an important role in the implementation of Hitler's aggressive plans. On August 23, 1939, Ribbentrop went to Moscow, where he signed the 1939 Non-Aggression Treaty between Germany and the USSR with USSR Foreign Minister V. Molotov, which essentially predetermined the start of World War 2. There was not a single action in the preparation and assistance of which Ribbentrop did not take part through diplomatic methods. The Anschluss of Austria, the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the attack on Poland, the occupation of Denmark and Norway, Belgium and Holland, the defeat of France, the attack on Yugoslavia and Greece, the formation of aggressive blocs, the economic robbery of occupied countries - the extent of Ribbentrop's personal responsibility for all these crimes was enormous. The department he headed played a grim role in the extermination of Jews in the countries occupied by Germany. In particular, in the spring of 1943, Ribbentrop persistently demanded from the Hungarian regent Horthy that he “carry through” the anti-Jewish measures in Hungary. “The Jews must be exterminated or sent to concentration camps - there is no other option,” Ribbentrop emphasized. Regarding the fate of the British and American pilots shot down in the skies of Germany, Ribbentrop categorically insisted that they all be lynched on the spot. Von Ribbentrop, Chamberlain and Hitler during the Munich Conference
In April 1945, Ribbentrop managed to escape. He headed to Hamburg, where, under the nose of the British military commandant's office, he rented a room in an unremarkable house. However, on June 14, 1945, he was arrested by the British occupation authorities and brought before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. While in prison, Ribbentrop declared: “If Hitler had appeared in this cell and told me to act, I, like everyone else I know, would still have acted.” The court found Ribbentrop guilty on all 4 counts, including conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced him to death penalty. He was hanged on the morning of October 16, 1946.
Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what RIBBENTROP, JOACHIM VON means in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- BACKGROUND in the Dictionary of Fine Arts Terms:
- (from the French Fond - “bottom”, “deep part”) any part of a pictorial or ornamental composition in relation to the one included in it... - BACKGROUND
(from Greek phone - sound of voice), part difficult words, indicating their relationship to voice, sound (for example, ... - RIBBENTROP in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Ribbentrop) Joachim (1893-1946) German Foreign Minister 1938-45. How one of the main Nazi war criminals was executed by the verdict of the International... - JOACHIM in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Joachim) József (Joseph) (1831-1907) Hungarian violinist, composer, teacher. Worked in Germany. Founder and leader of the string quartet (1869-1907). Violin works, "School" ... - BACKGROUND
- JOACHIM in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- BACKGROUND
(from the Greek phone - sound, voice), part of complex words indicating their relationship to voice, sound (for example, telephone, ... - JOACHIM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Joachim) József (Joseph) (1831 - 1907), Hungarian violinist, teacher. He performed since 1838. He worked in Germany. Founder (1869) and leader... - BACKGROUND in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
I a, plural no, m. 1. The main color, tone on which the pattern, drawing, etc. is made. Weave a pattern on a light... - ...BACKGROUND in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Ultimate component complex words corresponding in meaning to the word z v u k, for example: telephone, video recorder; see also FONO... … - BACKGROUND in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
1, -a, x 1. The main color, tone, in which a picture is painted, drawn, or depicted. Svetly f. Bright embroidery on white... - BACKGROUND
RADIATION natural, level of radiation caused by cosmic. radiation and radiation distributed in nature (in water, soil, air) ... - BACKGROUND in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
unit of sound volume level. For a pure tone, F. coincides with the decibel ... - BACKGROUND in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(French fond, from Latin fundus - bottom, base), the background spatial plan of the picture. Moved - Wednesday, ... - RIBBENTROP in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Ribbentrop Joachim (1893-1946), Minister of Foreign Affairs. affairs of Germany in 1938-45. As one of ch. German-fascist military criminals executed by... - JOACHIM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
JOACHIMUS OF FLOR, Gioachino da Fiore (Joachimus Florensis, Gioacchino da Fiore) (c. 1132-1202), Italian. thinker, Cistercian monk, abbot. In mystic-dialectical concept of world... - JOACHIM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
JOACHIM, Joachim Jozef (1831-1907), Hungarian. violinist, composer, teacher. Worked in Germany. Concerted (in Russia several times since 1872). Founder... - BACKGROUND in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
fo"n, fo"ny, fo"na, fo"nov, fo"well, fo"us, fo"n, fo"ny, fo"nom, fo"nami, fo"ne, ... - BACKGROUND in the Popular Explanatory Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-a, m. 1) The main color, tone on which the drawing, pattern, etc. is made. Ornament embroidered on a blue background. Black … - BACKGROUND
Backdrop for... - BACKGROUND in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Rear color... - BACKGROUND in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
Syn: field (special, ... - BACKGROUND in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
I. (fr. fond lat. fnndus bottom, base) 1) in painting, drawing, sculptural relief, ornament - that part of the surface on ... - BACKGROUND in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
Syn: field (special, informal... - BACKGROUND
cm. … - BACKGROUND in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
cm. … - BACKGROUND in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
gamma background, earth, setting, surroundings, halo, plan, field, environment, tangir, tone, ... - BACKGROUND in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
- BACKGROUND in the Spelling Dictionary:
von 3, particle - followed by the surname is written separately, for example: von b'ismarck, von b'yulov, von ... - BACKGROUND in the Spelling Dictionary:
background 2, -a, r. pl. -ov, counting f. background (units... - BACKGROUND in the Spelling Dictionary:
background 1, ... - BACKGROUND in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
1 main color, the tone on which the picture is painted, drawn, something is depicted Light f. Bright embroidery on white f. background 1... - BACKGROUND in Dahl's Dictionary:
particle in front of the nickname of German nobles. He's from the backgrounds. | Reproachfully: a arrogant person who assumes an important air. Walks around in the background, putting on airs, acting like a baron. What … - BACKGROUND
(from Greek phone - sound, voice), part of complex words, indicating their relationship to voice, sound (for example, telephone). - unit... - RIBBENTROP in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Ribbentrop) Joachim (1893-1946), German Foreign Minister 1938-45. How one of the main Nazi war criminals was executed by sentence... - JOACHIM in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Joachim) József (Joseph) (1831-1907), Hungarian violinist, composer, teacher. Worked in Germany. Founder and leader of the string quartet (1869-1907). Violin works, ... - BACKGROUND
background, m. (French fond). 1. The main color, tone, on which the picture is painted. Light background. Gloomy background of the picture. || Background … - BACKGROUND V Explanatory dictionary Russian language Ushakov:
background, m. (see background-) (colloquial obsolete). 1. German, a person of German origin (colloquial). Last week there was a decree - I was dismissed... - BACKGROUND- in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
(German von, lit. from). A prefix for a German surname indicating noble origin, for example. von Hindenburg. Baron von Klotz was aiming to become a minister. ... - BACKGROUND in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
background, m. (from the Greek phone - sound) (special). Noise, sound, crackling, e.g. in a loudspeaker, telephone... - BACKGROUND in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
1. m. 1) a) The main color, the tone on which the drawing is applied, the pattern on which the picture is painted. b) The background of the picture, ... - JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP in the Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2008-10-28 Time: 15:13:26 Joachim von Ribbentrop (German: Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop, April 30, 1893, Wesel - 16 ... - RIBBENTROP JOACHIM in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
(Ribbentrop) Joachim (30.4.1893, Wesel, - 16.10.1946, Nuremberg), one of the main war criminals of Nazi Germany. He was a champagne sales agent. ... - JOACHIM MURAT in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of Naples in 1808-1815. J.: from January 18. 1800 Caroline, sister of Emperor Napoleon 1 (born 1782 ... - JOACHIM MURAT in biographies of Monarchs:
King of Naples in 1808-1815. J.: from January 18. 1800 Caroline, sister of Emperor Napoleon 1 (born 1782 ... - GOTTSCHALK, JOACHIM in the Encyclopedia of the Third Reich:
(Gottschalk), (1904-1941), German film actor. Born on April 10, 1904 in the family of a doctor. In his youth he was a sailor. Becoming an actor, he gained fame in... - GROWTH JOHANN-JOACHIM-JULIUS (IN RUSSIA IVAN AKIMOVICH) in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia.
Name: Ulrich Friedrich Willy Joachim von Ribbentrop
State: Germany
Field of activity: Policy
Greatest Achievement: Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany
Joachim von Ribbentrop was born into the family of an officer in Wesel on April 30, 1893. He received his education in Switzerland, at a boarding school. As a child, he spent a lot of time in England and France.
In 1911 he worked as a clerk in a company importing military uniform in London, then moved to Canada. There he worked as a timekeeper and reconstructed the Quebec Bridge and the Canadian Pacific railway. Then he was a journalist in New York and Boston.
On the day Ribbentrop presented his credentials to George VI on February 5, 1937, the British were extremely outraged by his greeting to Hitler. He also displeased the British government by sending Schutz Staffeinel's guards outside the German embassy and installing swastika flags on official cars. Ribbentrop outwardly looked like an ardent follower of the ideas of Nazism, but in reality this was not entirely true. He managed to maintain a cool and sober mind, he made a lot of efforts to delay the outbreak of war or prevent it altogether. But the solution to this issue lay beyond the boundaries of his competence.
Foreign Secretary
On 4 February 1938, Ribbentrop replaced Constantin von Neurath as German Foreign Minister. He worked closely with Hitler in his negotiations with the British and French governments, and in August 1939 organized the conclusion of the Nazi-Soviet agreement. He later noted that the desire to normalize relations with Russia was his personal initiative, for which he strongly campaigned for Hitler. Ribbentrop sought to create a force capable of resisting Western influence and therefore wanted to ensure neutrality between Germany and the USSR.
In 1939 the British were busy trying to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union. But the USSR signed a pact with Germany. As time later showed, this was done in order to gain some time from the Germans, since it was obvious that things were heading towards war. Nikita Khrushchev argued that the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was an inevitable solution for the USSR. Khrushchev called this the “Soviet Gambit,” which allowed not only to expand the territory by annexing part of Poland, but also to gain some time to prepare for the upcoming war.
The Second World War
In 1940, Hitler again began to consider invading the USSR, and he sent Ribbentrop to negotiate a treaty with Japan. On September 25, 1940, Ribbentrop sent a telegram to Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov, informing him that Germany, Italy and Japan were preparing to sign a military alliance. Ribbentrop assured Molotov that this alliance was being created against the United States, and not against the Soviet Union.
Molotov at that time already knew about the union treaty being developed. Richard Sorge, a German journalist working in Tokyo, was a Soviet spy and had already reported to Molotov that Hitler was involved in negotiations with Japan. According to Sorge, the alliance was created precisely against, and not against the United States. Only in December 1940 did Sorge get the opportunity to send Molotov full information about the operation.
German troops under control invaded Poland, France and the Soviet Union. It began, which lasted 6 years and during which millions of people died. The war divided almost all Earth on the countries of the national bloc and allied forces. The war began on September 1, 1939 with an attack on Poland. The war ended with the surrender of Germany in 1945 after soviet soldiers entered Berlin. The German leadership appeared before the International Court of Justice, some of them committed suicide (including Hitler). The Second World War has gone down in history as the most brutal and bloody war.
Joachim von Ribbentrop in Nuremberg
Ribbentrop was a minor character during World War II, but was arrested and charged with war crimes along with the rest of the trial in June 1945. He claimed that for 12 years he did everything to avoid war. But Britain did not want to enter into an alliance with Germany against the growing threat from the east and thanks to this confrontation, war became inevitable.
Joachim von Ribbentrop denied the existence of German concentration camps and the policy of racial extermination. Despite this, he was found guilty at the Nuremberg trials and executed on October 16, 1946.
On the night of October 16, 1946, ten men began to be brought into the gym of the Nuremberg prison, one after another. Each of them had to climb 13 steps with their hands tied behind their backs to end up in the hands of the executioner.
"God bless Germany"
Few people managed to walk this path on their own - the condemned were deftly dragged by burly American soldiers.
When a black bag was put on the head of the first of ten and a noose was thrown around his neck, he said:
- God bless Germany. God be merciful to my soul. My last wish is that Germany will regain its unity, that mutual understanding between East and West will lead to peace on Earth.
Some, however, claim that the phrase was actually shorter. American Army Sergeant and Professional Executioner John Woods did not like long speeches, and the first suicide bomber fell into the black hole of the scaffold hatch.
The "pioneer" hanged by Woods really liked to talk. Joachim von Ribbentrop, the German Foreign Minister, by virtue of his official duties, had to make florid and convincing speeches.
Ribbentrop is remembered in Russia, as a rule, in connection with the non-aggression pact of 1939. Some, finding his name on the lists of those hanged in Nuremberg, are surprised - why was the diplomat treated so harshly?
"Adopted" nobleman
But Joachim von Ribbentrop was not a random person in the dock. He made a great contribution to the construction of the “thousand-year Reich”; unlike many, he did not particularly repent of anything.
Ulrich Friedrich Willy Joachim von Ribbentrop was born on April 30, 1893 in Wesel, Prussia.
For a long time, however, there was no “background” in his name. The vain Ribbentrop received this “noble” prefix to his surname already as an adult, when he was adopted by his own aunt. For his nobility, Ribbentrop agreed to pay a relative a lifelong pension.
Joachim's father was a career military man, his mother a housewife. When the boy was 9, his mother died. The father, having retired from service, moved the family to Switzerland, then to France.
Joachim, having matured, went to Canada in search of happiness, where he opened his own business. When did the first one begin? World War, Ribbentrop returned to Europe, enlisting in the German army. He finished the war with the rank of senior lieutenant, after which he remained in Germany.
Hitler's confidant
The difficult state of the post-war German economy did not prevent Ribbentrop from entering the champagne trade. And in 1920 he married the daughter of his businessman friend Anneliese Henkel.
The business of selling alcohol brought him money, and his aunt’s complaisance brought him a noble title. By the end of the 1920s, he became a part of the Berlin elite.
Joachim von Ribbentrop's vanity demanded more. And he saw his chance in the leader of the Nazis Adolf Hitler, whose fiery speeches were increasingly popular in Germany.
Hitler also drew Ribbentrop's attention. He needed a person who was good at foreign languages and having influence in elite circles.
Joachim von Ribbentrop in 1932-1933 became Hitler's confidant, a man thanks to whose efforts Paul von Hindenburg approved the appointment of the Nazi leader as Chancellor of Germany.
Part of the German elite, while supporting Hitler, remained disgusted towards him. But this is clearly not the case with Ribbentrop.
Albert Speer, the Reich Minister of Armaments, ironically noted that Ribbentrop's office was lined with photographs of him and Hitler. But, looking closer, one could understand that this was the same photograph, reproduced by the owner of the office.
Joachim von Ribbentrop in his office. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
Pact in his name
Ribbentrop admired and Himmler, and he, in turn, made him an SS Standartenführer.
The relationship between this couple deteriorated much later, when Ribbentrop, dissatisfied with Himmler’s interference in foreign policy, will begin to regularly complain about him to Hitler.
Even before his appointment as Foreign Minister in February 1938, Ribbentrop, on Hitler’s instructions, conducted negotiations with European powers. The meaning of these negotiations was attempts to peacefully remove from Germany the restrictions imposed on the country as a result of the First World War.
Historians debate how successful Ribbentrop was. However, one way or another, Germany achieved what it wanted, and the Fuhrer’s trust in “his diplomat” grew.
Ribbentrop made little contribution to the Munich Pact, but succeeded in the summer of 1939 by concluding a non-aggression pact with the USSR, also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
Hitler needed a guarantee against a possible war on two fronts, and he received it from the hands of Ribbentrop.
Soviet Union in this situation, too, was guided exclusively by pragmatic considerations. After Munich, it became clear that Western countries were ready to make huge concessions to Germany, just to push it to attack the USSR. When it became clear that it would not be possible to achieve the creation of an anti-Hitler coalition with France and Great Britain in 1939, the Soviet Union decided to use Hitler's interest, receiving a reprieve from the inevitable war.
Ribbentrop, having achieved such success, hoped for more - in 1940 it was he who was the author of the idea of attracting the USSR to the Tripartite Pact. To your negotiating partner Vyacheslav Molotov Joachim von Ribbentrop promised a joint redivision of the world, inviting the USSR to move south to take over the legacy of the dying British Empire.
Moscow avoided such prospects, which became a signal for Hitler to prepare an attack on the Soviet Union.
The predatory "Ribbentrop battalion"
Since 1941, Joachim von Ribbentrop has gone into the shadows, leaving main role Wehrmacht generals. After the victory, he prepared to fix in treaties the contours of a new world, where the Third Reich was to become the main power.
In the meantime, the minister was busy with more mundane matters - for example, plundering the occupied territories. In 1941, a special-purpose SS battalion was created under the German Foreign Ministry, under the supervision of Ribbentrop. The task of the “Ribbentrop battalion” included the seizure of cultural and historical values, libraries, scientific documentation of institutions, archival funds with their subsequent removal to Germany.
In March 1942, an exhibition of the loot was held in Berlin, and the Foreign Minister, apparently, felt proud of such “achievements.”
Ribbentrop remained loyal to Hitler to the end. When there was an unsuccessful coup attempt in Germany in 1944 and the assassination of the Fuhrer, the head of the Foreign Ministry was one of the first to come to Hitler to declare his support.
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But this devotion did not help Ribbentrop retain Hitler's trust. The Fuhrer was irritated by the fact that German diplomats were unable to split the anti-Hitler coalition. Hints that Germany is protecting Europe from the “Bolshevik hordes” Western countries weren't impressed.
In his political testament, Hitler even refused Ribbentrop the post of minister. Should have changed it Arthur Seyss-Inquart, who, however, recused himself. It is curious that Seyss-Inquart was also hanged in Nuremberg, but if Ribbentrop became the first on the gallows, then his would-be successor closed the list of those executed.
After the end of the war, Ribbentrop disappeared from view for some time. But he was too prominent a figure to expect that he would be forgotten. On June 14, 1945, he was detained by an Allied patrol in Hamburg. There was a little over a year left before meeting John Woods.