Task formulation:
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
accepted
kitchen
dispensary
Answer: drills.
What do students need to know to complete the task correctly?
ORTHOEPHICAL STANDARDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.
Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam).
Stress in adjectives.
In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. Low-frequency and literary words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending.
The degree of mastery of a word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in Unified State Exam assignments, since both options are considered correct.!!!
1. Choosing the place of stress most often causes difficulties in short forms of adjectives. The stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.
2. The emphasis often falls on the stem in the form of masculine, neuter, and more. numbers and endings in the form female: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.
3. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -ee: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - lively, slender - slimmer, right - righter; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form.
Stress on verbs.
1. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, groan - groan. hide - hid, start - started.
2. The group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs to take. be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - pour - pour - pour - pour - pour. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.).
3. Verbs with the prefix you- have stress on the prefix: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, CALL - called out.
4. For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: krAl, slAl, sent, stlA.
5. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, began; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.
6. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Spelling dictionaries Recently, quite rightly, they continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: call, call, call, call, call.
Stress in some participles and gerunds.
1. The most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the stress in the full form is on the suffix -yonn-, then it remains on it only in the form male, in other forms it changes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried outA, carried outO, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported.
2. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -t-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form -o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped.
3. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in indefinite form the corresponding verb: putting it, setting the bay, taking, drinking, having exhausted (it is impossible: it is impossible: having exhausted), raising, having raised, having reached, watering, putting it, having put it, having betrayed, having arrived, accepting it, having sold it, cursing, piercing, drinking, drinking it, drinking it. created
Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to a spelling dictionary.
I provide a list of words that appear in task No. 4 (you need to learn it).
Nouns
AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable
bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable
beard, vin.p., only in this form singular. stress on 1st syllable
accountants, gen.p.pl.h., immovable stress on 2nd syllable
religion, confession of faith
water pipes
gas pipeline
citizenship
Hyphen, from German, where the emphasis is on the 2nd syllable
cheapness
dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable
agreement
document
blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable
significance, from adj. significant
Iksy, im.p. plural, motionless emphasis
catalogue, in the same row as the words dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.
quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
kilometer, on a par with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter...
conus, conus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular and plural.
CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable
Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire
lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)
localities, gender, plural, on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news
garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline
intention
obituary, see catalog
hatred
pipeline
NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES
Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms
provision
Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager
partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable
briefcase
dowry, noun
call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication)
orphans, im.p.pl., emphasis in all forms of plural. only on the 2nd syllable
means, im.p.mn.h.
stolYar, in the same poison with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar...
convocation, see call
shorthand
dancer
Cakes, cakes
fluorography
Christian
scarves, see bows
driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller...
expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable
Adjectives
true, short adj. w.r.
PEAR
old
significant
most beautiful, excellent art.
kitchen
dexterity, short adj. w.r.
salmon
mosaic
insightful, short adj. zh.r., on a par with the words cute, fussy, talkative..., but: gluttonous
plum, derived from plum
Verbs
Pamper, on a par with the words pamper, spoil, spoil..., but: darling of fate
favor
take-takeA
take-under
take-take
take up
turn on, turn on,
turn it on, turn it on
join-join
burst-burst
perceive-perceived
recreate-recreated
hand it over
drive-drive
chase-chased
get-got
get there
wait-wait
get through - get through
They're getting through
dose
wait-waited
live-lived
seal
borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed
locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
call-call
Call-call, call, call, call
exclude-exclude
exhaust
put-klaL
sneak-sneak
bleed
lie-lie
pour-lila
flow-flow
Lie-lied
endow-endow
overstrained-strained
to be called-to be called
tilt-tilt
pour-poured
navAT-narwhal
Litter-LitterIt
start-started, started, started
Call-callIt
Make it easier - make it easier
wet yourself
hug-hug
overtake-overtaken
RIP-RIPED
encourage
take heart, take heart
aggravate
borrow-borrow
Angry
surround-surround
seal, in the same row with the words form, normalize, sort...
To be defiled - to be defiled
inquire - inquire
depart-departed
give-gave
Unlock-Unlock
revoke-revoked
respond-responded
Call back-call backIt
overflow-overflow
mold
fruit
Repeat-repeat
call-called
call-call-call-call
water-water
put-put
I understand, I understand
send-sent
arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived
accept-accepted-accepted - accepted
force
tear-tear
drill-drill-drill-drill
remove-remove
create-created
rip off
Litter-Litter
remove-remove
speed up
deepen
strengthen-strengthen
moveSecure
It's a pinch-it's a pinch
Participles
spoiled
included-included, see demoted
delivered
folded
busy-busy
locked-locked
populated-populated
Spoiled, see spoiled
feeding
bleeding
profited
acquired-acquired
poured - poured
hired
started
brought down-brought down, see included...
encouraged-encouraged-encouraged
aggravated
definite-determined
disabled
repeated
divided
understood
accepted
tamed
lived
removed-removed
bent
Participles
sealed
starting
Adverbs
Don't
enviably, in the meaning of the predicate
ahead of time, colloquial
after dark
more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparative art.
Catalog of tasks.
Training and diagnostic work
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Version for printing and copying in MS Word
got wet
They're getting through
accrued
There was a mistake in the word “acquired”. The correct emphasis is “the one who made money”.
Answer: profited.
Answer: profited
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
locked
Nouns
citizenship cheapness agreement document significance, from adj. significant obituary
| intention obituary, see catalog hatred briefcase dowry means, them. p.m. h. convocation, see call Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows
|
Adjectives
Verbs
take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join-join burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get there wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured navAT-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself
| hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Participles | spoiled delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked populated-populated Spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding profited acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started
| started encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled definite-determined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles | fooling around sealed starting
| raising Stress in adverbs | during Don't
| ahead of time, colloquial after dark
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down. SEAL endowed Explanation (see also Rule below). Let's place the emphasis: There is a mistake in the word "seal". Remember the rhyme bed - seal. Answer: seal it. Answer: seal it Source: Bank FIPI
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Orthoepic norms
Rule: Task 4. Setting the stress ORTHOEPHICAL NORMAS (stress setting) are checked in task 4. Students are required to write down one of four words in which the stress is incorrectly emphasized - the stressed vowel is indicated capital letter. The answer includes the word unchanged, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter E: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must also be written in the answer. For example, from four words: locked the first has the wrong emphasis. We write this word in the answer without change, with the letter E. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of E is resolved simply: in front of each examinee at the exam there will be a form in which ALL permitted letters and signs are indicated. On this moment time, the letter E is in the sample forms. To practice the skill of placing stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2019) and words that are not included or excluded from it. In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with clearly erroneous stress, words with two stress variants are included. Orthoepic dictionary FIPI 2019 An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress on a letter is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it. Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc. .d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian accent. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However,” as K.S. rightly notes. Gorbachevich, - if the variety of places and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in mastering it, then these inconveniences are completely compensated by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, coward - coward, immersed on a platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic consolidation of accent variants (bay leaf, but in botany: the bay family). Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expression. grammatical meanings and overcoming homonymy of word forms.” As scientists have established, most words in the Russian language (about 96%) have a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language. Here are some rules of spelling in the area of stress that will help prevent corresponding errors. Nouns | AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable. beard, vin.p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable accountants, b. p.m. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, confession of faith citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im. p.m. h., motionless emphasis obituary quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)
| localities, family p.m. h., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms. part. Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, them. p.m. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable means, them. p.m. h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller... expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable
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Adjectives In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between rarely used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, less frequently used and bookish words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending. The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct. And yet, the choice of stress location causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc. The number of adjectives with movable stress in the Russian language is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments. The emphasis often falls on the base in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim. Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with simple suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to turn to a spelling dictionary, since a number of words “stand out” from the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmer - slimmer, right - more right; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form. Verbs One of the most intense stress points in common verbs is the past tense forms. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - started. At the same time, a group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lil - lil - lilA. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.). The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes the emphasis: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call - called out. For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slAl, sent, stlA. And one more pattern. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, started; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling. This the tradition is based on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers. | pamper, on par with words To indulge, to spoil, to spoil... but: the darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join-join burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get there wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured navAT-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself
| hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Emphasis on participles and gerunds The most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, native speakers sometimes find it difficult to choose the correct stress location and in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, you should consult the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Participles | spoiled included-included, see demoted delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked populated-populated Spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding profited acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started
| started brought down-brought down, see included... encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled definite-determined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles Participles often have the stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive form of the corresponding verb: investing, asking, filling, occupying, drinking, exhausting (CANNOT: exhausting), starting, raising, living, watering, putting, understanding, betraying, undertaking, arriving, accepting, selling, cursing, spilling, permeating, drinking, creating. | fooling around sealed starting
| raising Stress in adverbs Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to a spelling dictionary. | during Don't enviably, in the meaning of the predicate
| ahead of time, colloquial after dark more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparative art.
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down. Don't after dark Explanation (see also Rule below). There was a mistake in the word “klala”. That's right: klAla. Like Clara. Answer: I did. Answer: put Source: Bank FIPI
Relevance: Used since 2015
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Orthoepic norms
Rule: Task 4. Setting the stress ORTHOEPHICAL NORMAS (stress setting) are checked in task 4. Students are required to write down one of four words in which the stress is incorrectly emphasized - the stressed vowel is indicated by a capital letter. The answer includes the word unchanged, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter E: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must also be written in the answer. For example, from four words: locked the first has the wrong emphasis. We write this word in the answer without change, with the letter E. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of E is resolved simply: in front of each examinee at the exam there will be a form in which ALL permitted letters and signs are indicated. At this point in time, the letter E is in the sample forms. To practice the skill of placing stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2019) and words that are not included or excluded from it. In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with clearly erroneous stress, words with two stress variants are included. FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2019 An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress on a letter is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it. Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc. .d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian accent. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However,” as K.S. rightly notes. Gorbachevich, - if the variety of places and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in mastering it, then these inconveniences are completely compensated by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, coward - coward, immersed on a platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic consolidation of accent variants (bay leaf, but in botany: the bay family). Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expressing grammatical meanings and overcoming homonymy of word forms.” As scientists have established, most words in the Russian language (about 96%) have a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language. Here are some rules of spelling in the area of stress that will help prevent corresponding errors. Nouns | AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable. beard, vin.p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable accountants, b. p.m. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, confession of faith citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im. p.m. h., motionless emphasis obituary quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)
| localities, family p.m. h., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms. part. Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, them. p.m. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable means, them. p.m. h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller... expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable
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Adjectives In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between rarely used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, less frequently used and bookish words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending. The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct. And yet, the choice of stress location causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc. The number of adjectives with movable stress in the Russian language is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments. The emphasis often falls on the base in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim. Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with simple suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to turn to a spelling dictionary, since a number of words “stand out” from the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmer - slimmer, right - more right; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form. Verbs One of the most intense stress points in common verbs is the past tense forms. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - started. At the same time, a group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lil - lil - lilA. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.). The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes the emphasis: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call - called out. For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slAl, sent, stlA. And one more pattern. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, started; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling. This the tradition is based on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers. | pamper, on par with words To indulge, to spoil, to spoil... but: the darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join-join burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get there wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured navAT-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself
| hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Emphasis on participles and gerunds The most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, native speakers sometimes find it difficult to choose the correct stress location and in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, you should consult the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Participles | spoiled included-included, see demoted delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked populated-populated Spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding profited acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started
| started brought down-brought down, see included... encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled definite-determined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles Participles often have the stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive form of the corresponding verb: investing, asking, filling, occupying, drinking, exhausting (CANNOT: exhausting), starting, raising, living, watering, putting, understanding, betraying, undertaking, arriving, accepting, selling, cursing, spilling, permeating, drinking, creating. | fooling around sealed starting
| raising Stress in adverbs Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to a spelling dictionary. | during Don't enviably, in the meaning of the predicate
| ahead of time, colloquial after dark more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparative art.
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down. agreement folded more beautiful Explanation (see also Rule below). Error in the word "taken". It is necessary to say that I have taken it. Answer: I did. Answer: got it Source: Bank FIPI
Relevance: Used since 2015
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Orthoepic norms
Rule: Task 4. Setting the stress ORTHOEPHICAL NORMAS (stress setting) are checked in task 4. Students are required to write down one of four words in which the stress is incorrectly emphasized - the stressed vowel is indicated by a capital letter. The answer includes the word unchanged, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter E: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must also be written in the answer. For example, from four words: locked the first has the wrong emphasis. We write this word in the answer without change, with the letter E. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of E is resolved simply: in front of each examinee at the exam there will be a form in which ALL permitted letters and signs are indicated. At this point in time, the letter E is in the sample forms. To practice the skill of placing stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2019) and words that are not included or excluded from it. In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with clearly erroneous stress, words with two stress variants are included. FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2019 An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress on a letter is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it. Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc. .d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian accent. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However,” as K.S. rightly notes. Gorbachevich, - if the variety of places and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in mastering it, then these inconveniences are completely compensated by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, coward - coward, immersed on a platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic consolidation of accent variants (bay leaf, but in botany: the bay family). Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expressing grammatical meanings and overcoming homonymy of word forms.” As scientists have established, most words in the Russian language (about 96%) have a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language. Here are some rules of spelling in the area of stress that will help prevent corresponding errors. Nouns | AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable. beard, vin.p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable accountants, b. p.m. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, confession of faith citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im. p.m. h., motionless emphasis obituary quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)
| localities, family p.m. h., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms. part. Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, them. p.m. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable means, them. p.m. h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller... expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable
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Adjectives In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between rarely used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, less frequently used and bookish words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending. The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct. And yet, the choice of stress location causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc. The number of adjectives with movable stress in the Russian language is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments. The emphasis often falls on the base in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim. Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with simple suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to turn to a spelling dictionary, since a number of words “stand out” from the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmer - slimmer, right - more right; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form. Verbs One of the most intense stress points in common verbs is the past tense forms. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - started. At the same time, a group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lil - lil - lilA. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.). The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes the emphasis: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call - called out. For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slAl, sent, stlA. And one more pattern. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, started; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling. This the tradition is based on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers. | pamper, on par with words To indulge, to spoil, to spoil... but: the darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join-join burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get there wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured navAT-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself
| hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Emphasis on participles and gerunds The most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, native speakers sometimes find it difficult to choose the correct stress location and in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, you should consult the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Participles | spoiled included-included, see demoted delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked populated-populated Spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding profited acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started
| started brought down-brought down, see included... encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated disabled definite-determined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed Participles Participles often have the stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive form of the corresponding verb: investing, asking, filling, occupying, drinking, exhausting (CANNOT: exhausting), starting, raising, living, watering, putting, understanding, betraying, undertaking, arriving, accepting, selling, cursing, spilling, permeating, drinking, creating. | fooling around sealed starting
| raising Stress in adverbsExplanation (see also Rule below). Error in the word "pinches". By general rule, emphasis on the ending, pinch. Answer: it will pinch. Answer: it will pinch |
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The orthoepic norm is the only possible or preferred option for the correct pronunciation of a word.
In order not to violate this norm, you should simply look into the spelling dictionary more often. But there are also several rules that you can use.
Nouns
- In forms nominative case The plural is stressed on the ending - and the ending -ы is unstressed.
For example: airports, cakes, elevators, bows, taps, lecturers, scarves.
- In plural genitive forms, the ending -ov is most often unstressed, and the ending -е is stressed.
For example: accountants, cones, lecturers, cakes, positions, news
BUT: localities, judges
- In nouns of foreign origin, the stress usually falls on last syllable.
For example: AGENT, alphabet, hyphen, dispensary, document, blinds, catalogue, obituary, quarter, parterre, apostrophe, percentage, cement, expert, fetish
BUT: flyleaf, facsimile
- Often in derived words the stress of the producing words is retained.
For example: religion - confess, agreement, agreement - agree intention - measure, provision - provide, aristocracy - aristocrat, sign - banner
AIRPORTS, fixed stress on 4th syllable
bAnty, fixed stress on 1st syllable
beard, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable
accountants, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable
religion, from: confess faith
citizenship
hyphen, from
German language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
dispensary, the word came from the English language through
French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
agreement
document
leisure
jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
significance, from adj. significant
catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogue, monologue, obituary, etc.
quarter, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
self-interest
taps, fixed stress on 1st syllable
lecturers, lecturers, stress on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow(s)
localities, R. p. pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws... but: news
intention
ILLNESS
NEWS, NEWS, BUT: AREAS
Nail, nail, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.
Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager
briefcase
handrails
beet
ORPHANS, I. p. pl. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable
means, I. p. pl. h.
convening
customs
Cakes, cakes
chain
scarves like bows
driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...
expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Adjectives
- The emphasis in short forms of adjectives and passive participles always falls on the stem. But in shape singular the feminine gender is transferred to the ending.
For example: created - created - created, taken - taken - taken, busy - busy - busy, started - started - started.
true, short adj. and. R.
significant
more beautiful, adjective and adverb in comparative degree
most beautiful,
superlative adjective
kitchen
dexterity,
short adjective and. R.
mosaic
wholesale
perspicacious, short adjective g. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative... but: gluttonous
plum, derived from: plum
Participles
delivered
folded
busy - busy
locked - locked
populated - populated
endowed
profited
poured
started
started
brought down - brought down
encouraged - encouraged - encouraged
aggravated
disabled
repeated
divided
understood
accepted
tamed
lived
removed - removed
bent
Verbs
- Many feminine past tense verbs have an accented ending:
For example: take away - Took away - took away - Took away, understand - understood - understoodA - understood, start - started - started - started; but: put - put - put - put.
- In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress usually falls on the ending:
For example: deep - deepen, light - lighten, cheerful - encourage, encourage
take - took
take - taken
take - tookA
take up - taken up
join in - join in
burst in - burst in
perceive - perceived
recreate - recreated
hand over - hand over
drive - drove
chase - chased
get - get
get there - got there
wait - waited
get through - get through, get through
wait - waitedA
to live - to live
seal
borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed
lock - locked
lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
call - called
call - call, call, call
put - put
lie - lied
pour - lila
pour - poured
lie - lied
endow - endow
overstrained - overstrained
to be called - named
tilt - tilt
pour - poured
pick - narwhala
start - started, started, started
call - call
make it easier - make it easier
wet yourself - wet yourself
hug - hugged
overtake - overtaken
rip off - rip off
encourage
take heart - take heart
aggravate
borrow - lend
Angry
paste over
surround - surround
seal, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...
inquire - inquire
depart - departed
give - gave
uncork - uncorked
revoke - revoked
respond - responded
pour - poured
fruit
repeat - repeat
call - called
Call - call You will call
water - water
put - put
understand - got it
send - sent
arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived
accept - accepted - accepted
tear - tore
drill - drill - drill
remove - removedA
create - created
to rip off - tore off
remove - removed
deepen
strengthen - strengthen
scoop
It pinches - it pinches
click
Participles
STARTED
starting
GIVING
raising
ponYav
arrived
Adverbs
during
dobelA
to the top
Don't
to the bottom
to dryness
after dark
more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparison Art.
TOP
overLong
for a little while
FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2017
Nouns (37):
AeropOrty, fixed stress on 4th syllable
Bants, fixed stress on the 1st syllable
BEARD, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable
Accountant, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable
Religion, from: confess faith
Citizenship
Hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
Dispenser, the word came from English through French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Agreement
Document
Leisure
Jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Significance, from the adjective significant
Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.
KvartAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
Selfishness
Cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable
LECTORS, LECTORS, see the word bANT(s)
Localities, R. p., pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws..., but: news
Intention
NedUg
NEWS, NEWS, BUT: see the word localities
NAIL, NAIL, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.
Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager
PartEr, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Briefcase
Handrails
Beet
Orphans, I. p., plural. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable
Means, I. p., pl. h.
Convening
Customs
Cakes, cakes
Chain
Scarves, see bows
Driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...
Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Adjectives (10):
VernA, short adj. and. R.
Significant
Most beautiful, adj. superlative
Kitchen
Lovka, short adj. and. R.
Mosaic
Wholesale
Perspicacious, short adj. and. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative..., but: gluttonous
Plum, derived from: plum
Verbs (79):
Take - tookA
BROTHER - took
Take - tookA
Take up - take up
Join in - joined in
Burst - burst in
Perceive - perceived
Recreate - recreated
Hand over - hand over
Drive - drove
Chase - chased
get - got it
get there - got there
Wait - waited
Get through - get through, get through
Wait - waitedA
To live - to live
ZachStrengthen
Borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed
LOCK - LOCKED
Lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
Call - called
Call - call, call, call
Put - put
Glue
Sneak - sneak
Lie - lied
pour - lilA
FLOWS - FLOWS
Lie - lied
Endow - endow
Overstrained - overstrained
To be called - called
To tilt - to tilt
Pour - poured
Narvat - narwhala
Start - started, started, started
Call - call
make it easier - make it easier
Wet yourself - wet yourself
Hug - hugged
Overtake - overtaken
RIP - RIP
encourage
Cheer up - take heart
escalate
Borrow - borrow
AngryBeat
Paste
surround - surround
Sealed, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...
Get to know - get to know
Depart - departed
Give - gave
Open - unlocked
revoke - revoked
respond - responded
pour - poured
Fruit
Repeat - repeat
Call - called
Call - call You will call
Water - watered
Put - put
Understand - got it
Send - sent
Arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived
accept - accepted - accepted
Tear - tore
Drill - drill - drill
Remove - removedA
Create - created
Tear off - ripped off
remove - removed
DEEPEN
Strengthen - strengthen
scoop
It pinches - it pinches
Click
Participles (22):
Delivered
Folded
Busy - Busy
LOCKED - LOCKED
Populated - populated
Endowed
Acquired
NalitA
Started
STARTED
Reduced - brought down
Encouraged - encouraged - encouraged
Exacerbated
Disabled
Repeated
Divided
UNDERSTAND
Accepted
Tamed
lived
Removed - removed
Bent
Participles (6):
STARTED
Starting
OtdAv
Raised
MonYav
Arrived
Adverbs (11):
During
DobelA
TO THE TOP
Don't
DONIZU
TO DRY
AFTERDARK
More beautiful, adj. and adv. comparatively
Top
For a long time
NenOld
For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”
Rules for placing stress in nouns.
1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. IN English language stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.
2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.
3. B difficult words with the second part -the wire at general meaning“a device for transporting any substance or energy” emphasis falls on the root -water-
:
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.
4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.
5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess – religion
provide - provision.
6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant – accountant
X - with X - X - X
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.
7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.
Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.
2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and in short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.
3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - in the singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.
4. If the accent in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.
Rules for placing stress on verbs.
1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.
2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, overstrained, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.
3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send
accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.
4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.
5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.
6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.
7. B reflexive verbs The emphasis in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.
Rules for placing accents in participles.
1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.
2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend
the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.
3. In short feminine passive past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.
4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN-
, then in the short form it is retained only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it changes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.
5. In full forms of participles with suffix -T-
formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- In the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.
Rules for placing stress in gerunds.
1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.
2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.
Rules for placing stress in adverbs.
1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.
