municipal budgetary educational institution
"average comprehensive school No. 7" Safonovo, Smolensk region.
HISTORY PRESENTATION
ON THE TOPIC
CAUCASIAN WAR
1817-1864
AUTHORS:
KULIKOV IVAN
GALUZA ANDREY
G. Safonovo
2019

CAUSES OF WAR
Raids on sedentary Russian territories
Slave trade
The tsarist government attracted local
population for the construction of fortresses,
bridges roads
Introduction of new taxes
“The pacification campaigns of General A.P.
Ermolova
Distribution of lands to Cossacks and officials
Construction of military fortifications

The Caucasus is the territory between the Black and Caspian seas, it was divided
in Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus, the border between them ran along
the main thing Caucasian Ridge.
The reasons for the war were political. Three empires - Russia, Türkiye
and Persia have claimed dominion over the Caucasus since ancient times
considered the gateway from Asia to Europe. Ultimately, as a result of two
wars with Turkey (1806-1812 and 1828-1829) and two wars with Persia (1804-1813
and 1826-1828) Russia managed to defend its rights to the Caucasus. As a result
the peoples of the Caucasus seemed to automatically go to Russian Empire.
However, the mountaineers themselves did not agree with this turn in their fate.

PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS
In the early 19th century. in the Caucasus
more than 50 lived
main peoples
them Chechens,
Balkars, Circassians,
Ossetians, Ingush.
Speaking different
languages ​​and having different
religion they
often led between
are bloody
wars based on
blood feud.
1
2
3
4
1. Ossetians 2. Circassians 3. Chechens
3.Kabardians

Most Highlanders
was engaged
cattle breeding, hunting,
fishing.
Being at the stage
decomposition
primitive relations
they raided
on neighbors, robbing and
destroying their settlements
and taking civilians into captivity
residents.
PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS.
HIGHLANDERS

Ermolovsky period (1816-1827)
In September 1816, Lieutenant General Ermolov arrived
to the border of the Caucasus province
Having become familiar with the situation on the Caucasus Line,
Ermolov outlined a plan of action, which he then
adhered unswervingly.
Ermolov compiled a consistent and systematic
plan of offensive action. Ermolov did not leave
not a single robbery or raid by the mountaineers went unpunished.
Ermolov switched from individual punitive expeditions
to a systematic advance deep into Chechnya and Gorny
Dagestan by surrounding the mountainous regions with continuous
a ring of fortifications with clearings in
difficult forests, laying roads and
destruction of rebellious villages.
Its result was the strengthening of Russian power in Kabarda
and Kumyk lands, in the foothills and plains. Russians
moved forward gradually, methodically cutting down forests, in
which the mountaineers were hiding.

From the mid-1830s.
the conflict escalated in
connection with the emergence of
Chechnya and Dagestan
religious-political
flag movement
gazavat, which
received moral and
military support
Ottoman Empire and
Great Britain.
Highlander resistance
Chechnya and Dagestan were
broken only in 1859,
they gave up.
Iman Shamil

IMAN SHAMIL
In the Eastern Caucasus after
death of Gamzat-bek at the head
Shamil became the Murids. New
imam who had
administrative and
military abilities,
soon proved extremely dangerous
enemy, rallying under
with its power part hitherto
scattered tribes and villages
Eastern Caucasus. Already in
early 1835 his strength
increased so much that he
intended to punish
Khunzakhs for killing him
predecessor.

Muridism
From the mid-1820s. in the Caucasus became
Muridism will spread
Muridism is a Muslim teaching
whose adherents, murids, seeking
achieve moral perfection,
had to obey unquestioningly
to his mentor (iman). It's religious
doctrine of soul salvation, united
mountaineers to fight Russia. Muridism
called for a holy war against
infidels.

Imamat – Religious
theocratic
state.
Theocracy - form
board, under
whose head
states (usually
monarchical)
is
at the same time his
religious head
North Caucasian
Imamate

In September 1837
Emperor Nicholas I
visited the Caucasus for the first time and
was dissatisfied with the fact that
despite many years
efforts and great sacrifices,
Russian troops were still
far from durable
results in the case
pacification of the region. On
Baron Rosen's place, not
coped with
the task was
General Golovin was appointed.
In 1838 on the Black Sea
coastal areas were built
strengthening
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Golovin
(1782-1858)

Hostilities began on
Black Sea coast, where
hastily built Russian forts
were in a dilapidated
condition, and the garrisons were extremely
weakened by fevers and other
diseases. February 7, 1840 Highlanders
captured Fort Lazarev and destroyed
all his defenders; February 29 the same
the fate befell the fortification
Velyaminovskoe. The mountaineers took possession (2
April) Nikolaevsky fort; But
venture them against the fort
Navaginsky and strengthening of Abinsky
were unsuccessful. Anapa
Velyaminovskoe fortification (Tuapse)
Velyaminsky fortification
Nikolaevsky fort

Dargin campaign
One of the battles of the Caucasian War
Russian Empire against
Caucasian tribes. Troops under
command of Pavel Grabbe
went to pick up an important
position - Dargo village. But the rebels
skillfully used tactics
fighting in mountain gorges.
The detachment fought off the raids
a few months. At the very
critical moment highlanders
captured 5 guns, but later
they were returned. Russian
the decision was made to retreat, because
the position was unfavorable and
suffered heavy losses. Grabbe
was suspended. But this failure
was one of those who gave
Russian further experience.

Pavel Grabbe
Russian general from
cavalry, adjutant general, one of the most
successful commanders
Caucasian War (since 1838),
possessed an impregnable
stronghold of the mountaineers Akhulgo.
Member of the Union of Welfare.
In 1862-1866 -
military ataman of Donskoy
Cossack army, then
member of the State
Council. His two sons
fell in battle.
Pavel Khristoforovich Grabbe

Alexander Ivanovich Baryatinsky
Russian state and military
activist, field marshal general,
Adjutant General. In 1856-1862
Commander of the Separate Caucasian
corps, then commander-in-chief
Caucasian army, and the governor of
Caucasus. Carrying out your plan
methodical advancement, broke
resistance of Shamil's troops in 1859
took him prisoner.
Surrender of Imam Shamil

Completion of the conquest of Circassia
The final stage of the war in Western
It was decided to lead Circassia this way
way: the Circassians had to
submit and move on
the places he indicated on the plain; V
otherwise they were pushed further into
barren mountains, and those left behind by them
the lands were populated by Cossack villages.
Finally, after pushing the mountaineers back from the mountains to
seashore, they had no choice but to
go to the plain, under supervision
Russians, or move to Turkey, to
what was supposed to be provided to them
possible assistance. There were also
small local resistances,
which was achieved very quickly
eliminate. In 1864 it was possible
completely break resistance
Highlanders Russia has completed a difficult and
a problematic war for oneself with victory.
Medal for the conquest of the Given Caucasus
Leaving the village by the mountaineers

May 21, 1864 is the day when
on Krasnaya Polyana near Sochi
a solemn prayer service and
there was a parade of Russian troops
graduation celebrated
Caucasian War and approval
Russian rule on
Western Caucasus.
Krasnaya Polyana

Results of the war
Mass immigration of highlanders from the Caucasus
Destruction of imimt
End of internecine wars and destruction
slavery in the Caucasus
Conducted by the Russian autocracy
policies that infringe on the interests of peoples
Caucasus
Development of trade, industry,
revitalization of economic life in the Caucasus.
Creating prerequisites for development
capitalism

Sources:
Educational literature on “History of Russia” for grade 9, part 1
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_war
https://www.chainimage.com/images/old-paper-1-flickr-photo-sharing.jpg
https://www.motiongraphicstock.com/assets/images/jpg/5557ebf7328c1.jpg
http://mirpps.ru/assets/media/fon-dlja-prezentacii/2018/old-book.jpg
http://bgfons.com/uploads/paper/paper_texture296.jpg
http://rcm.miraclemediatv.com/PHLAWSON2/img/frame1.jpg
Photos related to the chapters were taken from https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_War summary of other presentations

“Directions of the foreign policy of Nicholas I” - European direction. Main directions foreign policy. Gendarme of Europe. Event. Russian-Turkish war. East direction. Events. Result. Russian-Iranian War. Russia is the “Gendarme of Europe”. Nicholas1's reaction to revolutionary events in Europe. Middle Eastern direction. Theaters of war. Nicholas' foreign policy 1. Exacerbation of Russian-English contradictions.

“Caucasian War 1817-1864” - Military operations in the Caucasus. Peoples of the Caucasus. Causes of the Caucasian War. By what means did the tsarist government manage to conquer the Caucasus? Construction military road. Caucasian War 1817-1864 Destruction of the Imamate. Russian policy in the Caucasus. Causes and stages of the war. A.P. Ermolov. Reasons for Shamil's success. Results of the war. Shamil's movement. Reasons for the Russian victory. Shamil ruled with the help of naibs. Caucasus.

“Foreign Policy of Nicholas I” - The main directions of Russian foreign policy. Cat, Pyotr Markovich. Measures taken by Russia to prevent revolutionary influence. Russian-Turkish War of 1828-1829. Military leaders. Occurrence and exacerbation eastern question determined by three factors. Crimean War ended with the siege of Sevastopol. Reasons for Russia's defeat in the Crimean War. Wrangel, Karl Karlovich. Causes of the war. Crimean War 1853-1856.

“Results of the internal policy of Nicholas I” - How Nicholas I treated serfdom. The apogee of autocracy. Pavel Dmitrievich Kiselev. Sale of serfs. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. What was the nature of the internal policy of Nicholas I: liberal or. The solution to the peasant question. Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky. A number of large statesmen. Serfdom. State village reform. Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.

“Directions of the internal policy of Nicholas I” - Peculiarities of upbringing and personality. Contradictory policies. Consequences of such a policy. Agrarian reform. Tax rates. Have the goals of the reform been achieved? Attempts to resolve the peasant issue. Main directions of domestic policy. Nicholas's domestic policy 1. Personality of Nicholas I. Features of his reign. Measures to strengthen the position of the nobility. Measures of Nicholas 1 in solving the peasant issue. Strengthening the role of the state apparatus.

“Internal Policy of Nicholas the First” - Strengthening the role of the state apparatus. Strengthening the support autocratic power. Illustrations and documents. Domestic policy of Nicholas I. Anecdotes. Epigrams of Tyutchev. Emperor. Creation of a secret committee. Gambling. Russian Orthodox Church. Attempts to resolve the peasant issue. The direction of the domestic policy of Nicholas I. Emperor Nicholas I. Strengthening the fight against revolutionary sentiments.

Announces the topic of the lesson. Slide 3, 4

Introduces the lesson plan.

1. Russian policy in the Caucasus.

2. Causes of the Caucasian War.

3. Military operations in the Caucasus.

Explanation of the first point.

The Caucasus is the territory between the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas. It is divided into Transcaucasia and Northern Caucasus, the border between which runs along the Main Caucasian Ridge.

Using a map, list the territories of the Caucasus annexed by Russia in 1830.

After the annexation of Georgia, parts of Armenia and Azerbaijan to Russia, the territory of numerous peoples North Caucasus found themselves surrounded by Russian possessions.

The government has made attempts to introduce in these territories Russian laws. This caused resistance from a number of North Caucasian peoples.

Working with the textbook

Find out, using the textbook, who the Highlanders are. (Highlanders is a collective name given to official authorities various peoples of the North Caucasus)

Explanation of the second point.

The Caucasian War began in 1817.

Read pages 82 – 83 and write down the causes of the Caucasian War, which lasted almost 50 years.

Causes of the Caucasian War: (Slide 5)

Raids on settled Russian territories;

Slave trade;

The tsarist government attracted the local population to build fortresses, roads, and bridges;

Introduction of new taxes;

- “pacifying” campaigns of General A.P. Ermolov led to the destruction of villages, crops, etc.

What was the nature of the policy of the tsarist government in the Caucasus? (Military methods, subjugation with weapons)

Student's message about A.P.'s policy Ermolov in the Caucasus. Slide 6

In such a situation, unrest often broke out among the mountaineers. At first, the resistance of the mountaineers to Russian troops was not organized. The ideology of muridism united the mountaineers. Muridism is a religious and political doctrine. Slide 7

Muridism is based on the ideas of spiritual improvement and unquestioning submission to a mentor, leader (imam). The murids were characterized by religious fanaticism and the proclamation of ghazavat - the Holy War against infidels

In 1834, Shamil was proclaimed the new imam (head of the murids), who gathered almost all the highlanders of Dagestan and Chechnya under his authority and successfully fought against Russian troops. Slide 8

Explanation of the fourth point

Shamil managed to create a strong theocratic state - the Imamate. Slide 9

Theocracy is a form of government in which the head of state (usually monarchical) is also its religious head. A disciplined army was created. Any disobedience to the authority of the imam was severely punished as apostasy. The imam himself was considered a person chosen by God for a great feat for the benefit of believers.

What explains the success of the Shamil mountaineers?

Thus, the discipline and strong, fanatical faith of the murid mountaineers allowed them to fight successfully. Shamil made attempts to enlist the support of foreign states in the fight against the Russian Empire (Türkiye and England).

Russian government after unsuccessful military operations, he returns to the tactics of building fortifications, new roads, cutting down forests, and creating military fortifications.

As a result, such tactics bore fruit. In addition, the ruling elite of the Imamate began to ruin the common people with taxes and military extortions. As a result, popular unrest against Shamil began in Northern Dagestan.

In August 1859, Shamil surrendered, and his state ceased to exist. By the end of 1863, Russian troops occupied the entire North Caucasus. The war ended with the victory of Russian weapons.

What are the consequences of the Caucasian War for Russia and the peoples of the Caucasus?

Russia won with very heavy casualties and a huge expenditure of material resources, which slowed down the economic development of Russia.

The destruction of the slave trade, the development of the region, the end of feudal wars.

MKOU "Gymnasium No. 4 named after M.A. Khabichev" KGO

Caucasian War 1817-1864.

Extracurricular activity

Spent:

A history teacher

gymnasium No. 4

G.Karachaevsk

Ebekkueva

Madina

Magomedovna .

2011

Topic: Caucasian War 1817-1864.

Goals: recreate a panorama of the events of the Caucasian War of 1817-1864; understand the essence and origins of this conflict; show with concrete facts the heroism and courage of both Russian soldiers and officers and Caucasian highlanders; promote respect for the historical past of the country and its people

Tasks:

To develop in students the ability to understand the historical conditionality of phenomena and processes, critically analyze the information received, and determine their own position in relation to historical and modern events.

To form in students historical thinking - the ability to consider events and phenomena from the point of view of their historical conditionality, to determine and reasonably present their own attitude to debatable problems of history.

To foster citizenship, national identity, to develop students’ worldview beliefs based on understanding historically established cultural, religious, and ethno-national traditions; expand students' social experience when analyzing and discussing forms of human interaction in history.

Equipment: geographical and political maps, thematic newspapers and stands, additional literature, presentation, computer, projector.

Progress of the event:

1st reader: Greetings, gray Caucasus!
I am no stranger to your mountains:
They carried me as a baby
And accustomed to the desert skies.
And for a long time I dreamed from then on
The whole sky of the south and the cliffs of the mountains.

2nd reader: You are beautiful, harsh land of freedom,
And you, eternal thrones of nature,
When the clouds turn blue like smoke
In the evening they fly to you from afar,
They hover above you, whispering like shadows,
Like the head of huge ghosts
Fluctuating feathers - and the moon
She wanders alone through the blue vaults.

1st presenter: The Caucasian War (1817-1864) is considered to be military actions related to the annexation of Chechnya, Mountainous Dagestan and the North-West Caucasus to Russia. The prerequisites for this campaign, which never achieved its global goals, can be safely considered the Persian campaign of Peter 1 and the obsessive desire of Catherine II to pave the so-called exit to India; the immediate impetus that provoked the war was the signing of the manifesto on the annexation of Kartli and Kakheti to Russia (1800-1801). ). According to historian Ya.A. Gordin, who comprehensively studied the problem, “The Caucasus was an incidental circumstance, an obstacle to the movement directed past it, a springboard from which at any moment a blow could be delivered to the rear of the Russian army... Later, the Caucasus became an obstacle to the much-needed connection between Russia and the annexed Georgia." Moreover, in the 19th century. In the Caucasus, the political interests of several countries converged: Persia, Turkey, Russia and England. Thus, the speedy conquest of the Caucasus was considered an urgent task of the Russian Empire, but it turned into problems for more than one Russian emperor.

2nd presenter: War of the Russian Empire against Muslim peoples Northern Caucasus With purpose joining this region . As a result of the Russian-Turkish and Russian-Iranian wars, the North Caucasus was surrounded by Russian territory. However, the imperial government failed to establish effective control over it for many decades. Mountaineers peoples Chechnya and Dagestan have long lived largely due to raids on the surrounding lowland territories, including Russians Cossack settlements and soldiers' garrisons . In 1819, almost all the rulers of Dagestan united in union to fight against the Russians. In 1823, Kabardian people rose up against Russian rule. princes , and in 1824, an uprising in Chechnya was raised by Beibulat Taymazov, who had previously served as an officer in the Russian army. In 1828, the fight of the highlanders was led by an Avar. Ghazi -Magomed, who received title and mother (spiritual leader ) Chechnya and Dagestan. He fought against other Avar khans who sided with Russia, but did not smog capture the Avar capital Khunzakh, to whose aid the Russians came troops . The mountaineers acted against them with small cavalry partisan detachments, quickly dissipating into mountains , if the enemy had a significant superiority in men and artillery.

1st presenter: Until 1827, the fight against the mountaineers, who called themselves murids ("seekers of path salvation" in the holy war against the infidels - gazavate ), headed commanding Separate Caucasian Corps general Ermolov , and later - General Paskevich. Ermolov built fortresses, laid roads between them, cut down forests and dug deeper into the mountain territory. Paskevich began to lay a road along the Black Sea coast. Russian troops established control over Pitsunda, Gagra and Sukhumi, but were actually blocked in these settlements by detachments of horsemen, Ubykhs, Shapsugs and Natukhais. Thousands of Russians soldier died from malaria and typhus.

3rd reader: Dream

Midday heat in the valley of Dagestan
With lead in my chest I lay motionless;
The deep wound was still smoking,
Drop by drop my blood oozed out.

I lay alone on the sand of the valley;
Rock ledges crowded around,
And the sun burned their yellow tops
And it burned me - but I slept like a dead sleep.

And I dreamed of shining lights
Evening feast in the native land.
Between young wives crowned with flowers,
There was a cheerful conversation about me.

But without entering into a cheerful conversation,
I sat there alone, thoughtfully,
And in a sad dream her young soul
God knows what she was immersed in;

And she dreamed of the valley of Dagestan;
A familiar corpse lay in that valley;
There was a black wound in his chest, smoking,
And the blood flowed in a cooling stream.

2nd presenter: On October 17, 1832, in one of the battles near the village of Gimry, Gazi-Magomed was killed. His successor was Gamzat-bek, who two years later was hacked to death by the Avars in a mosque in retaliation for the murder of the Avar khans. In 1834, Gazi-Magomed’s closest friend was elected imam Shamil . He was the first of the imams to organize the mountaineers into a regular army, consisting of tens and hundreds. Hundreds , in turn, merged into larger squads of different numbers. He introduced into the subject territory laws Sharia and established iron discipline in the army. The slightest disobedience was punishable by bodily punishment or death .

1st presenter:Shamil equipped his troops with artillery, both from captured cannons and from new ones, which Dagestan craftsmen learned to cast. However, he also experienced serious failures. In 1839, the Russians, after a three-month siege, stormed the fortified residence of the imam, the aul. Ahulgo . In time assault died younger son Shamilya Sagid and many other relatives of the imam. Shamil was forced to send his youngest 7-year-old son Jamalut-din to hostages to the Russian Tsar. But eight months later, the imam led a new uprising in Chechnya. His supporters also managed to capture several Russian fortifications on the Black Sea coast in 1840

The Russian soldier's song "Conquest of Chechnya" is played

2nd presenter:In 1845, Shamil defeated the expedition frame , led by the governor in the Caucasus himself, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov. At the same time, the highlanders captured rich booty. In 1848, the Trans-Kuban highlanders united around Shamil's comrade-in-arms Magomed-Emin, who became the ruler of the North-West Caucasus. During the Crimean wars , in summer 1854, Shamil's son Gazi-Magomed committed raid to Georgia, hoping to link up with Turkish troops. But Russian Caucasian army did not allow the Turks into Georgia, and the warriors of Gazi-Magomed were forced to limit themselves to rich booty. They captured about 900 prisoners, among whom were representatives of noble Georgian families. More than a thousand Georgian militias and civilians died. Princesses Chavchavadze and Orbeliani were exchanged for the son of Shamil Jamalutdin, who returned from St. Petersburg, where he served as a lieutenant in the Ulan Guards shelf . A large payment was also made for the remaining prisoners. ransom . After this, Georgia experienced a crisis cash, and in Chechnya and Dagestan silver coin , on the contrary, has depreciated. Oddly enough, a successful raid into Georgia brought the end of the fight against the highlanders closer. Realizing that they would not be able to capture such loot a second time, the warriors demanded peace, provided that no one would force them to return the loot.

4th reader: Excerpt from the poem “Hadji Abrek”

The village of Dzhemat is great and rich,
He pays tribute to no one;
Its wall is handmade damask steel;
His mosque is on the battlefield.
His free sons
Tempered in the fires of war;
Their deeds are loud in the Caucasus,
In distant and foreign peoples,
And Russian hearts have never
The bullet did not miss them.

A sultry day is rolling across the sky,
Hot steam flows from the rocks;
Eagle, motionless on its wings,
It barely turns black in the clouds;
The gorges are immersed in sleep:
There is only silence in the village.
The alarmed village is emptying,
And under the mountain, where the wind blows,
Where a stream flows from a cliff,
There is an attentive circle.
What is being negotiated about?
Advice from the Jamat daredevils?
Do they want to go to the mountains again?

To catch alien herds?
Are they waiting for a Russian detachment?
To the blood of the tasty guests?
No, just pity and annoyance
Visible in the eyes of the bridles.
Covered with strangers' clothes,
Sits on a stone between them
The Lezginian is decrepit and gray-haired;
And his speech flows like a stream,
And around you with a shining eye
He drives sadly sometimes.

1st presenter: New viceroy prince in the Caucasus Alexander Baryatinsky, personal friend emperor Alexander II, applied a flexible policy, attracting local feudal lords (naibs) to his side with the promise of keeping their possessions and privileges intact. Three-year offensive in the mountains of southern Chechnya ended surroundings Shamilya in a high mountain village Gunib . Superiority in artillery and small arms had an effect. The new rifled rifles of the 1856 model were superior to the highlanders' guns in range and rate of fire. On September 7, 1859, Shamil, at the head of 400 defenders of Gunib, surrendered to Baryatinsky’s army of thousands. At the same time, the proud imam declared to Baryatinsky: “I fought for the faith for thirty years, but now my people have betrayed me, and naibs ran away. I myself am tired. I am sixty-three years old, I am already old and gray, although my beard is black. Congratulations on your conquest of Dagestan. Let the sovereign emperor rule the mountaineers for their benefit."

2nd presenter: After Shamil, it was Magomed-Emin’s turn. Landing , landed from ships, took possession Tuapse - the only port through which the highlanders of the North-West Caucasus were supplied weapons and ammunition. On December 2, 1859, Magomed Emin and the elders of the Abadzekhs swore oath to loyalty Russian Empire. However, the appearance of Russian settlers in the Caucasus led to discontent among the local population and the uprising of the peoples of Abkhazia in 1862. It was suppressed only in June 1864. After this, individual partisan detachments in the Caucasus led the fight against the Russians until 1884, but large-scale hostilities ended 20 years earlier.

5th reader: Excerpt from the poem “Aul Bastunji”

Between Mashuk and Beshtau, back
It was about thirty years old, there was an aul, mountains
Sheltered from storms and rich in freedom. -
He's no longer there. Curly bushes
Field covered: wild grapes
Clinging curls with long tails
Around stones covered with gray hair,
From the neighboring peaks thrown by a thunderstorm!...

Neither the swearing noise nor the young song
The Circassian women are no longer heard there;
And on a sultry summer day, a steppe herd
He walks there without guards, alone, at will;
And without looking back with a pike behind your back
The Don Cossack enters this field;
And the eagle is safe in the sky,
Drawing circles, he looks at the quiet valley.

And there, when the evening dawn
Dresses with a pale blush
Mountain tops - desert snake
It crawls out from under the stones, frolicking;
It has pockmarked scales that glisten
With a silver tint, how it shines
A broken sword left by a fighter
In the thick grass on the fatal field.

The village burned down and rumors about it disappeared.
His sons are scattered in foreign lands....
Only in front of the fire, on a foggy day, Circassian
Sometimes he talks about him now
For small children. - And other people's skies
Pet, driving through the desert,
In vain he says to the Cossack: “Tell me,
“Do you know the village of Bastundzhi?”

1st presenter: During the Caucasian War Russian army lost 25 thousand people killed and more than 65 thousand wounded. About 120 thousand soldiers and officers died from disease. There is no exact data on the losses of the armed highlanders, but there is no doubt that they were several times smaller than the Russians, especially in terms of those who died from disease. Except moreover, some number The peaceful mountain population became victims of Russian punitive operations. But as a result of the mountain raids, there were losses among the civilians of the Cossack villages and fortifications and among the Christian population of Georgia. There are no exact data on this matter.

The Russian soldier's song “The fog has settled on the mountains” is played.

6th tzts: How I loved my majestic Caucasus,
Your sons have warlike morals,
Your skies are transparent azure
And the wonderful howl of instant, loud storms,
When the caves and hills are steep
Like watchmen calling out to the night;
And suddenly the sun will appear, and the stream
The steppe flower will become rich,
Raising her fragrant head,
Shines like the flowers of heaven and paradise...
In the evening hour of rainy clouds
I observed the torn cover;
Purple, with crimson edges,
Some are still threatening, and over the rocks
Magic castle, miracle of ancient days,
Grows in a minute, but even faster
A breath of wind will scatter it!
So interrupts the sharp sound of chains
The dream of a criminal sufferer,
When he sees the hills of his fields...
Meanwhile, whiter than snowy mountains,
Other clouds are moving to the west
And, having spent the day, they crowd in a row,
The bright ones look through each other
So fun, so magnificent and carefree,
It’s as if they will live and like it forever!..

7th reader: And the tribes of those gorges are wild,
Their god is freedom, their law is war,
They grow up among secret robberies,

Cruel deeds and extraordinary deeds;
There are songs of mothers in the cradle
They scare children with Russian names;
There it is not a crime to hit the enemy;
Friendship is true there, but vengeance is truer;
There is good for good, and blood for blood,
And hatred is immeasurable, like love.

http://www.phenomenonsofhistory.com/site/?

Slide 1

Slide 2

Caucasian War (1817 or 1829-1864) - military actions of the Russian imperial army, related to the annexation of the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus to Russia, the confrontation with the North Caucasus Imamate. introduction Highlanders united in a military-theocratic islamic state- Imamat of Dagestan and Chechnya, headed by Shamil. At this stage, the Caucasian War became intertwined with Russia's war against Persia. Military operations against the mountaineers were carried out by significant forces and were very fierce.

Slide 3

3rd Imam of Dagestan and Chechnya Shamil, 1797-1871 Ermolov, Alexey Petrovich 1777-1861

Slide 4

the sermons of Ghazi-Muhammad, the first imam and preacher of the “holy war”, tore Shamil away from his books. New Muslim teaching of Ghazi-Muhammad; “Muridism” spread quickly. “Murid” means one who seeks the path to salvation. Muridism did not differ from classical Islam either in rituals or in teaching. From the time the teachings of the murids penetrated into Chechnya from Dagestan, the war against the infidels turned into a nationwide movement. In 1831, the Chechens, under the leadership of Ghazi-Muhammad, launched a general uprising.

Slide 5

The meeting of the generals and the sermons of Ghazi-Muhammad, the first imam and preacher of the “holy war”, tore Shamil away from his books. New Muslim teaching of Ghazi-Muhammad; “Muridism” spread quickly. “Murid” means one who seeks the path to salvation.