Maria Karpovna killed Baida with a butt. “Fearless Marusya” from Crimea alone killed a dozen and a half fascists. Know, Soviet people, that you are descendants of fearless warriors! Know, Soviet people, that the blood flows in you of great heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland, not
Maria Karpovna Baida - Soviet intelligence officer, medical instructor, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Hero Soviet Union(1942), senior sergeant of the Red Army.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, she graduated from nursing courses and took part in the defense of Sevastopol. She especially distinguished herself on June 7, 1942 in one of the battles for Sevastopol, freeing a Soviet commander and several soldiers from captivity, while destroying 15 enemy soldiers with a machine gun. This was already the very end of the defense, in my opinion, even after the official surrender of the city. In July 1942, seriously wounded, she was captured, went through a number of German concentration camps, and was liberated by American troops on May 8, 1945.
By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR dated June 20, 1942, “for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and demonstrated courage and heroism in battles with the Nazi invaders,” senior sergeant Bayda Maria Karpovna was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and medal “ Golden Star"(No. 6183). The wording is such that Arnold Schwarzenegger from the Hollywood film “Commando” is resting:
Another heroine from the board of Heroes of the Soviet Union - Defense of Sevastopol (I just looked at this board a few days ago):
I know that there are at least two more girls on this board - sniper Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko and machine gunner Nina Onilova, who died defending hometown. I’ll tell you more about them later.
After the war, she was demobilized and worked as the head of the civil registry office of the Sevastopol City Executive Committee. Over 28 years of work, she gave instructions and presented marriage registration certificates to approximately 60 thousand young couples, and registered more than 70,000 newborns. She was repeatedly elected as a deputy of the city council.
Maria Karpovna died on August 30, 2002 in Sevastopol, in the city that she and her comrades so bravely defended.
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Krasnoperekopsky UVK “school-lyceum” No. 2
“MASHA BAIDA. LIFE AND FEAT"
Prepared by:
Loginova Irina, 10-A class
PLAN
Introduction
1. Young Crimean Maria Baida
2. “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat...”
3. The feat of the scout
4. Life goes on
Conclusion
List of sources used
INTRODUCTION
War, as we know, does not have a feminine face, although the word “war” female. Woman giving new life, this is precisely her high calling. But during the hard times of war, when mortal danger loomed over her children and her native land, she boldly stood up to defend them. canoe hero nurse intelligence war
During World War II, women took an active part in hostilities, in the rear, and survived in the occupation zone. Women from blockaded Sevastopol and Leningrad also took part in the fighting. They were direct participants in the war. After the start of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR, the participation of women in the war was enshrined in legislation and their participation became universal. In addition to the USSR, women from Great Britain, America, Germany, France and others took part in the war. But Russian women bore the greatest brunt of the tragedy of the Great Patriotic War. Soviet women performed the roles of signalmen, pilots, nurses, intelligence officers, and in the rear, women mastered the most difficult male professions. In cities and villages where there was no rear, they became real heroines - they built defensive lines, extinguished fires and cleared away rubble under the explosions of bombs and shells, stood at machines, looked after the wounded and gave them their blood.
The contribution of women as health professionals has been enormous. Medical workers who operated on wounded soldiers, nurses who carried wounded soldiers from the battlefield - these are tens of thousands of female heroines, whose names we hardly know today. There were more than 100,000 women medical workers in the Red Army. These women owe millions of lives Soviet soldiers and officers.
According to many Red Army soldiers, many regiments had female reconnaissance officers who were sent on combat missions with little hope that they would return...
During the war, 87 women became Heroes of the Soviet Union. And one of them is our fellow countrywoman Masha, Maria Karpovna Baida.
1. YOUNG CRIMEA MARIA BAYDA
No matter what a person experiences, no matter where a person goes, he is always drawn to his native land...
The February wind walked unhindered across the steppe, throwing prickly snowflakes in our faces. A woman got out of the car, stopped at the abandoned sheep sheds, looked around carefully and slowly walked across the field. Her companion took a few steps after her and stopped; he realized that now there was no need to talk about anything, but it was better to leave her alone with herself.
As a twelve-year-old girl, Masha Baida left her native village of Novy Chuvash, Krasnoperekopsk district, and now, more than thirty years later, she is here again. The village no longer exists, a war raged over this land, destroying some of the houses, and the surviving residents moved to the more comfortable villages of Samokish and Armyansk.
But stubborn memory prompts: there is the “lighthouse” opposite which our house stood, and then the neighbors’ yards - the garden near the Belouss’ hut, rare acacia trees along the street, deep wells (kopanki), from where people took bitter-salty water for drinking and watering trees.
Maria Karpovna remembered how she first went to school here. As a matter of fact, there was no school in the village. Caring parents cleaned and whitewashed the long stable, set up a roughly built table, several benches, and in such a classroom in 1931, for the children of the villages of New and Old Chuvash and Karajanai, began academic year. Only two months later they were transferred to Armyansk, to a real school with desks and a blackboard, and settled in a beautiful, spacious boarding school. But every week, in any weather, schoolchildren walked home 12 kilometers.
Her mother died in 1930, when Masha was eight years old, and she, as the eldest, had to look after her brothers and sister, run the household, and even babysit other people’s children.
It seems to Masha that even now she feels the weight of the yoke on her shoulders: at lunchtime they brought cattle to the “artesian” for a watering hole, ten-year-old Masha ran three kilometers to have time to milk the cow, and then, throwing the yoke over her shoulder, bending under the weight of the buckets, she returned to the village, hurrying to winnow the milk through the separator.
In 1934, Baida’s family moved to Voinka. Masha went to 4th grade. Revolutionary participants sometimes came to school and Civil War and told how they fought for Soviet power. Masha listened attentively, but it seemed to her that what they were talking about happened a long time ago and would never happen again. The country lived peacefully and the schoolchildren of that time did not suspect that soon they too would have to fight.
Masha dreamed of becoming a surgeon, working in a large, bright hospital, treating people, restoring their health and joy.
She didn’t get into medical school after the 7th grade, but she didn’t change her dream - she went to work as a nurse at the Military Hospital. In 1939, Masha joined the Komsomol. A lot of public affairs and unresolved issues immediately appeared. With excitement and anxiety, with all the bewilderment, the Komsomol members fled to their district committee. It’s not so easy to run 36 kilometers from Voinka to Armyansk after a hard day, but Masha remembers that the Komsomol district committee met them at both ten and eleven o’clock in the evening open door and welcoming lights in the windows. They returned from there calm, cheerful, singing, stamped their bare feet along the dusty country road (they had to take care of their shoes), sometimes fell asleep at dawn, and in the morning went back to work.
Masha worked at the Military Hospital for three years. The girl never thought of wearing an army overcoat and soldier's boots, but at the age of nineteen she became a soldier, because native land Hitler's hordes arrived and the long, grueling path to Victory, claiming millions of lives, began.
2. “GET UP, HUGE COUNTRY, GET UP FOR A DEATH BATTLE...”
In September 1941, fierce battles broke out on Perekop with the advancing Nazi troops. Dozens of cars and carts with the wounded pulled into the depths of the peninsula. Many of them stayed in the village of Voinka, located not far from the front. Nineteen-year-old Maria Baida sat down with other women, dressed their wounds, gave them water and food, and washed their bandages.
And then columns of our troops stretched through the village, retreating under the pressure of the enemy. Masha, having begged the military doctor, ended up in the medical unit of one of the regiments retreating to Sevastopol. During the first months of the battle for Sevastopol, Maria was a nurse, then a medical instructor of the 514th Infantry Regiment (172nd Infantry Division, Primorsky Army, North Caucasus Front). She saved the wounded and taught this to others. How many of them were taken from the battlefield? I didn’t remember, or rather, I didn’t count. She was busy with one thing: to find a soldier or commander who needed her help in the fire, to bandage his wounds and drag him to a more or less safe place. Don’t forget his weapons either - every rifle in Sevastopol was registered.
Then I had to go with the scouts to get the “language”, participate in battles, and fight the enemy in hand-to-hand combat. Knowing that Baida was enlisted in the reconnaissance platoon after her persistent requests, she was once asked:
What prompted you to join the scouts? Romance of dangerous combat work?
Maria Karpovna was surprised:
What romance? I saw so much blood and suffering that my heart simply turned to stone. I couldn’t forget the destroyed huts, killed children, old people and women. People died on the battlefield before my eyes. Young people died, in the prime of life - they should still live and live, work for happiness! So the decision came to leave medical work for work. I had strength and agility. I knew how to shoot, though not as well as Lyudmila Pavlichenko (female sniper, Hero of the Soviet Union). She could move unnoticed and silently, freely navigate the terrain - after all, often, while looking for the wounded, she had to crawl along a “no man’s land”, several tens of meters from the German trenches...
Not everything, of course, worked out for the young intelligence officer at first. Maria Karpovna remembered how she once had to drag a captured chief corporal. The Nazi turned out to be a hefty man, and he resisted all the time, although his hands were tied. In general, I had to tinker with this “language”, I was delayed myself and my comrades were delayed. As a result, one scout was killed and another was wounded. For violation of discipline, she received three days in the guardhouse from the commander. True, I did not have the chance to serve my sentence.
About two hours later,” Maria Karpovna recalled, “I was released, ordered to dress “like a woman” (we usually wore breeches and boots) and report to headquarters. There was an interrogation of the prisoner. I look at the “tongue” that I brought. I report my arrival. And then they ask the prisoner: “Do you recognize?”...
Then they told me that during interrogation the German refused to answer and kept repeating: “Rus, kaput!” Having looked at me carefully, the Hitlerite suddenly became agitated, his face was distorted by a grimace, and he began to speak quickly and angrily. The translator barely had time to translate: “What, did this woman take me prisoner? - the big guy was surprised. -- Can't be! I have triumphantly crossed half of Europe. And then you fell into the hands of a Russian woman?”
I don’t know how our meeting affected the prisoner, only he became talkative, and our reconnaissance commander then thanked the entire group, including me, for the “language” that gave valuable information about the defense system.
3. THE FEAT OF THE SCOUT
Feats can be described in different ways: officially presented in a weighty collection about war heroes, embellished with fictitious details on a newspaper spread, or conveyed the words and thoughts of the person who accomplished this feat. One thing is clear: the greatness of the feat does not fade from this, as does the glory and memory of all the famous and nameless fighters of the Great Patriotic War. So, the feat:
Medical instructor of the 514th Infantry Regiment (172nd Rifle Division, Primorsky Army, North Caucasus Front), Komsomol member, senior sergeant Baida, in one of the battles for Sevastopol in May 1942, freed a Soviet commander and several soldiers from captivity, destroying them with a machine gun 15 enemy soldiers and 4 more - in hand-to-hand combat with the butt of a machine gun.
Surprisingly, she remained alive in this battle, only she ended up in the hospital. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on June 20, 1942. (family informationwebsite "Rod Baida"pomnipro.ru›memorypage17953/biography)
On June 7, 1942, the Nazis launched another assault on Sevastopol. The reconnaissance company, in which Maria Baida fought, held the defense in the Mekenzi Mountains region. Despite their numerous superiority, the Nazis could not break the desperate resistance of the Soviet soldiers. Maria was in the very epicenter of “combat hell,” but she showed herself to be a brave, sometimes even super-desperate fighter - when the machine gun ran out of cartridges, the girl fearlessly jumped over the parapet, returning to them with captured machine guns and magazines. During one of these attacks, a German grenade exploded not far from her - the girl, shell-shocked and wounded in the head, lost consciousness.
Baida came to her senses late in the evening - it was already getting dark. As it turned out later, the Nazis broke through the defense to the right of the scouts’ positions and went to their rear. Of the entire company, one officer and a dozen and a half soldiers survived - they were wounded and taken prisoner by the Nazis. Quickly assessing the situation (there were no more than 20 Nazis in the scout trenches, and they were all in one place - not far from the prisoners), Maria decided to attack. Thanks to the surprise and correct reaction of the captured scouts, who in turn attacked the Germans, as soon as Maria opened fire on the enemy with a machine gun, all the Nazis were destroyed. Knowing perfectly well the layout of the minefields, under the cover of darkness, Maria Baida led the wounded soldiers to her own...
I remembered the battle of June 7, 1942 down to the smallest detail. On this day, the Germans launched their third assault on Sevastopol. We were on guard duty. It was not yet dawn when fascist planes appeared over our positions. They rushed by in endless flocks, dropping large and small bombs on us. The bomb attacks were joined by shell explosions. Everything around was shaking in a frantic dance.
We literally pressed ourselves into the ground. “Hold tight to the ground, Maria! She won’t give it away...” It’s Misha Mosenko screaming over the roar, he’s lying next to him. The guy found time for jokes! But his words gave me courage.
The sky fell silent. And soon the fiery shaft rolled towards our rear, and then we saw the Nazis going on the offensive. The battle broke out. We also opened fire. Misha - from a German machine gun - his trophy yesterday.
During the battle, a group of fascists climbed right at me, without any caution. Apparently, having heard the knock of my captured machine gun, the Nazis decided that it was hitting their own. They became so insolent that the officer, trying to get over the ditch, stood up to his full height. I immediately took it off with a single shot. A soldier rushed to him and put him down too. And the machine gunners keep crawling and crawling. I killed more than a dozen of them. In general, we repelled the attack. And then the Germans came in again.
I saw that the grass was moving not far away, it was tall there, up to a meter. Yours or someone else's? Closer, closer... But I have neither cartridges nor grenades left. Nearby, a few centimeters away, a German helmet and shoulder straps appeared - a fascist! There is no time to think. She swung her machine gun at the head with all the strength of a Nazi. She grabbed his machine gun, pulled out two full clips from his boot and opened fire again. During the battle, I suddenly felt a burn and a sharp pain in my temple and arm: it was grenade fragments that had pierced me. I woke up when Misha was bandaging his head...
They fought all day, often leading to hand-to-hand combat. Cartridges were collected from the seriously wounded and killed. By the end of the day we found ourselves surrounded. When it got dark, all the survivors from our reconnaissance platoon gathered, there were about ten people. All are wounded, with the exception of Misha. I hear a young Red Army soldier (he came to us not long before) say in fear: “How are we going to get out of here now: there are Germans all around?”
The German conversation actually reached us - the Nazis were nearby. “I’ll get you out, don’t worry! - I say as calmly as possible, although I myself am also worried. “I know every bush here.” I was really familiar with the area: I had made my way to the no-man’s land several times before to pick up green onions. But there are minefields on our way. Will I find a path between them?
We crawled through a deep ditch. They crawled for a long time. But there should already be a path, but it’s still not there. And there is no time to think. I stopped the fighters, got up and walked. Now the main danger is mines. I’m walking, but there’s only one thing in my head: will I explode or not? Finally, here it is, the path. In general, everything went well, we went out to our own people.
The seriously wounded were sent to the hospital. After dressing, I managed to return to my scouts. And again there are fights. In one of them, the wounded head was severely hit, other wounds made themselves felt: they began to bleed, the temperature rose.
Soon I was taken to the hospital, to the Inkerman adits. Here, in a hospital bed, I learned that I had been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. (from the memoirs of M.K. Baida)
4. LIFE CONTINUES
After the Nazis captured Sevastopol, Masha Baida, seriously wounded and with a broken leg, was captured.
She later recalled:
Perhaps God supported me. Otherwise, how could I, with such a leg, to which reinforcement bars were bandaged instead of plaster, walk in a column of prisoners of war, driven by shots and shouts, from Sevastopol to Simferopol?
In captivity she behaved courageously and steadfastly. Passed concentration camps Slavut, Ravensbrück. In Austria we managed to move to a camp for civilians. She worked in a logging camp in the Austrian Alps until, following a denunciation, she ended up in the dungeons of the Gestapo. Released from the Gestapo by American troops on May 8, 1945. The soldiers who liberated the camp carried her out of her cell, half-dead.
After the war she was demobilized. Only in 1946 did Maria return to her homeland, she spent a long time in hospitals, her health returned slowly and reluctantly. Maria Karpovna underwent several operations, but until the end of her life, old wounds made themselves felt.
The years of war and the cruel trials that befell her did not break Maria Karpovna. Even in adulthood, she was beautiful, cheerful, with a soft smile. Looking at her face, which radiated warmth and calmness, it was difficult to imagine her in a fierce battle.
M.K. Baida worked as the head of the civil registry office of the Sevastopol City Executive Committee; over 28 years of work, she gave parting words and presented marriage registration certificates to approximately 60,000 young couples, and registered more than 70,000 newborns. She was repeatedly elected as a deputy of the city council.
The order of Lenin;
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree;
Medal of Honor";
Gold Star medals.
CONCLUSION
Unfortunately, Maria Karpovna is no longer with us. There are memories of meetings with her and individual recordings of conversations. And also - people's gratitude and memory...
The name of Maria Karpovna Baida is included on a memorial plaque dedicated to the defenders of Sevastopol, who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the defense of Sevastopol.
Since 1976 she has been an Honorary Citizen of the city of Sevastopol.
On September 20, 2005, three years after her death, it was decided to give the children's park in the area of Odesskaya Street the name “Komsomolsky Park named after Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Baida.”
According to statistics, more than 980,000 women were drafted into the Red Army during the war. These women participated in combat operations, they served in the air defense forces, drove bombers, were snipers, sappers and nurses. In the USSR they are accustomed to the fact that women serve in the army shoulder to shoulder with men. This became a monstrous reality and a colossal, invaluable contribution to victory in the fight against the Nazi invaders.
LIST OF SOURCES USED
1. BAYDA M.K. - STAR OF THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION No. 6183 (Internet site http://mos-dv.ru/?p=7225)
2. Essay “Sevastopol Waltz” on the website “Orthodox Ukraine”
3. Family website “Rod Baida” pomnipro.ru›memorypage17953/biography
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On February 1, 1922, in the Crimean village of Novoselskoye (today this is the territory of the Black Sea region), a new person was born into a working-class family - daughter Masha. Maria Karpovna Baida.
Masha's childhood was difficult, like all children of that time. But she studied very well, managed to help her parents with housework, and worked with lagging students. No one had ever seen the girl angry; even in the most difficult moments, Masha knew how to remain calm. She graduated from seven-year school No. 1 and, wanting to help her family, began working as a hospital nurse in Dzhankoy. Her first medical teacher was an old surgeon named Nikolai Vasilyevich. He said: “You, Masha, have a kind heart and dexterous hands...” True, this was not enough for the inquisitive, energetic girl. Masha decided to enter medical school. And I would have done so if there had not been a war.
Now the entire hospital staff, including Masha, served ambulance trains, which passed through Dzhankoy. Many times the girl, realizing that help to the soldiers was provided hastily and not to everyone, traveled by train much further than was allowed. She was already recognized, expected and loved. Calm but not slow, patient but not indifferent, Maria did everything she could. And yet I wanted more. Perhaps this was also influenced by the following episode: once during a raid, she pulled an elderly soldier with severe burns from a burning carriage. He said: “Daughter, I’m not afraid to die. But it’s such a pity that I didn’t destroy enough of the fascist vermin!..”
Maria became a volunteer of the 35th Fighter Battalion. Along with men, she tracked down saboteurs and spies. She has a lot of fascist paratroopers on her account, whom the enemies sent to our rear for reconnaissance.
...The enemy was approaching Sevastopol - a beautiful city, a city of pride. However, were there ever in our big country other cities, coward cities? No... The battalion in which Masha served became part of the Primorsky Army. And Masha remained a scout in it.
In November 1941, the girl asked to volunteer in the 514th rifle regiment. She wanted to fight. And she was hired as a nurse (by that time Masha had completed accelerated courses). In the very first battle, she carried out twenty-three wounded from the battle - a considerable number. In addition, Maria knew the surroundings of Sevastopol well, so she went on reconnaissance missions - again, on her own initiative. Once she captured a fascist chief corporal. She disarmed and tied her up, but the Nazi desperately resisted. What could the girl do? Both a curiosity and a serious one: she gave me a good blow to the head with the butt of her gun and took it upon herself. You could say I almost got it. However, due to the delay, the reconnaissance group came under fire, one soldier was killed and one was wounded. Maria was sent to the guardhouse as punishment, but was released after a few hours. The prisoner came to his senses and refused to testify. So Maria was called. Seeing that same girl, the Hitlerite became more accommodating...
Maria also visited the hospital - she was wounded in her left arm. True, after a few days she ran away, explaining to the doctors: “Everything will heal in battle, but here I’m bored!”
...The beginning of the summer of 1942. Again and again the Nazis storm Sevastopol. Mary's company was located in the Mekenzi Mountains. The fighters defended desperately, the forces were unequal. Masha has run out of ammunition. She climbed over the parapet and soon returned with captured ammunition. Then she repeated the bold attack once again. And further. But the third or fourth - will you really count that in battle? - ended badly. A grenade exploded next to the girl, one of the fragments hit her in the head. Maria lost consciousness...
She lay there for a long time, in the battle area. At this time, the Nazis had already broken through the defenses and entered the rear of our scouts. Those who survived (nine people, and those were wounded) were taken prisoner by the enemies. But they didn’t manage to take anyone away. Because Maria came to her senses...
The girl quietly looked around and realized that there weren’t many Nazis here. Most of them left, but about two dozen remained here. And they are all concentrated in one place - next to our soldiers. Fortunately, it remained with Maria. And she opened fire. Suddenly - so that the Nazis, out of surprise, thought that an offensive had begun. And our scouts, taking advantage of this, also went into battle. Some picked up weapons from the battlefield, some took them away from the enemy. Courage takes over cities! And it didn’t disappoint here. All the Nazis were soon dead. Now we had to break through to ours. Let me remind you that Maria was very well oriented. She also knew the location of the minefields. And at night she brought all her wounded out of the encirclement. True, this also did not happen without battles. Our fighters were hiding in thickets of tall grass. And the Nazis stumbled upon them several times. But Masha was always on the alert and managed to shoot first. This is how she later recalled about that night: “Apparently, when they heard the knock of my captured machine gun, the Nazis thought that it was hitting their own. They became so insolent that the officer, trying to get over the ditch, stood up to his full height. I immediately took it off with a single shot. And the machine gunners kept crawling and crawling... In general, we repelled the attack. And then the Germans came in again. I saw that the grass was moving not far away, it was tall there, up to a meter. I swung the machine gun and hit him in the head with all my strength. She grabbed his machine gun, pulled out two full clips from his boot and opened fire again...”
Here is an extract from the petition of the Military Council of the Primorsky Army to award Maria Karpovna the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: “... Comrade Baida, in a battle with the enemy, killed 15 soldiers and 1 officer with a machine gun, killed four soldiers with a rifle butt, recaptured the commander and 8 soldiers from the Germans, captured a machine gun and enemy machine guns..."
Fate, having once tested the girl in this way, did not rest on this. And she sent another terrible test. In the summer of 1942, Maria, being wounded, was captured. She passed through Slavuta and Rowensbrück. I tried to escape but failed. But she did not give up to death from hunger and exhaustion. She remained alive and fought. So, in Slavuta, Maria met a girl named Ksenia Karenina, a messenger. Together they began to carry out partisan missions. Just think: even in captivity the girls brought our Victory closer!
Maria was taken to Austria. On the way, at one of the stations, some Bauer bought it. But even here the girl struggled: she almost stabbed her master with a pitchfork, and for this she was sent to the camp again. Now Maria is in the Resistance group. She was unlucky: she was betrayed by a traitor. The head of the Selzburg Gestapo himself came for the brave underground woman. The torture began. Maria's teeth were knocked out. They put us in a basement that was gradually filled with ice water. Then they were brought close to the burning fireplace. And again they threw me into the same basement. It’s useless: the girl, barely standing, sick with pneumonia, did not give up and did not betray anyone. She lived until the victorious spring and was released on May 8, 1945.
Maria Karpovna still lived long life. After the Victory, she spent almost four years in hospitals and got back on her feet. She got married and gave birth to a son and daughter. Lived in Sevastopol. I often received letters from different cities of our country. Here is one of them: “Marichka, dear, you are alive! Mariichka, hello! I'm alive too. This is Shura Arsenyeva writing to you. Do you remember the Simferopol prison, when the Germans were looking for you with your portrait in their hands? How we hid you, bandaged your cheek. Do you remember, when we were taken from Simferopol to Slavuta, I was seriously ill with dysentery, you looked after me. When you ran away from the camp, you threw a package over the wire to me, the girls brought it... After that, I didn’t know anything about you, where you were or what was wrong with you. And suddenly yesterday I saw you in a newsreel. I now live in the Odessa region, the village of Frunzevka...”
For almost thirty years, Maria Karpovna headed the central registry office in her native Sevastopol. And I think that with her light hand, many families have found happiness.
Maria Baida was born in the Crimean village of Novoselskoye, Ak-Mechensky district (now the Chernomorsky district) on February 1, 1922. At the end of the 7-year school year, In 1936 she began her career as a nurse at the city hospital in Dzhankoy. In 1941, I was going to enter a medical college, but the war made its own adjustments...
At first, Maria, as part of a medical team from the city hospital, served ambulance trains stopping in Dzhankoy. WITH late autumn 1941 Baida is a fighter of the 35th battalion of the fighter battalion (the main task of the battalion was to fight German paratroopers-saboteurs, various kinds of provocateurs and alarmists, as well as to identify enemy spies).
When the Nazis came close to Sevastopol, the 35th Destroyer Battalion became part of the Primorsky Army, defending the Black Sea “fortress”. Since May 1942, senior sergeant Maria Baida has been a fighter in a separate reconnaissance company of this regiment.
When our troops retreated to Sevastopol in November 1941, the 514th Infantry Regiment of the 172nd rifle division a girl came and asked to take her with her, because she wanted to fight for her homeland. She said that she served in a cooperative and completed courses for orderlies. She was accepted into the regiment as a nurse. During the first assaults, Maria Baida showed herself to be a fearless fighter and saved the lives of many Red Army soldiers and commanders, carrying them from the battlefield under enemy fire.
Not only the 514th Infantry Regiment knew about her military deeds, courage and dedication. But Maria asked to be transferred to intelligence. The regiment commander, knowing about the girl’s exceptional courage, ingenuity and endurance, granted the request, and M.K. Bayda became a scout.
Her advantage was that she knew the Sevastopol area and its surroundings well. On the night before the third assault, she was part of the reconnaissance group of Sergeant Major 2nd Article Mosenko in combat security.
BAYDA MARIA KARPOVNA – STAR OF THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION No. 6183
(Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 20, 1942)
Description of the feat of Maria Karpovna Baida
On June 7, 1942, the Nazis launched another assault on Sevastopol. The reconnaissance company, in which Maria Baida fought, held the defense in the Mekenzi Mountains region. Despite their numerous superiority, the Nazis could not break the desperate resistance of the Soviet soldiers.
Maria was in the very epicenter of “combat hell,” but she proved herself to be a brave, sometimes even super-desperate fighter - when the machine gun ran out of cartridges, the girl fearlessly jumped over the parapet, returning to them with captured machine guns and magazines. During one of these sorties, a German grenade exploded not far from her - the girl, shell-shocked and wounded in the head, lost consciousness.
Baida came to her senses late in the evening—it was already getting dark. As it turned out later, the Nazis broke through the defense to the right of the scouts’ positions and went to their rear. Of the entire company, only one officer and a dozen and a half soldiers survived - they were wounded and taken prisoner by the Nazis.
Quickly assessing the situation (there were no more than 20 Nazis in the scout trenches and they were all in one place - not far from the prisoners), Maria decided to attack. Thanks to the surprise and correct reaction of the captured scouts, who in turn attacked the Germans, as soon as Maria opened fire on the enemy with a machine gun, all the Nazis were destroyed.
Knowing perfectly well the layout of the minefields, under the cover of darkness, Maria Baida led the wounded soldiers to her own...
Just think about it! In a battle with the enemy, she killed 15 soldiers and one officer with a machine gun, killed four soldiers with a butt (!!!), recaptured the commander and eight soldiers from the Germans, captured the enemy’s machine gun and machine gun! A girl of 20 years old!
... Captivity. Two years of captivity.
A lot happened in two years. And Simferopol prison. And a prisoner of war camp in Slavuta. Then a concentration camp in Lublin, Rivne, in the Austrian city of Salzburg. It is impossible to tell everything that Maria suffered. (If only she had written the book herself...) And beatings, and torture, and the smoking ovens of the crematorium, and dogs tearing people apart, and diseases, torments that cannot be counted...
She was not just a prisoner, she fought everywhere. In Slavuta I met a woman from Simferopol, Ksenia Karenina. Together with her, she contacted the underground fighters and carried out their tasks. In Salzburg I was in an international resistance group. And so the struggle, the struggle to the end.
It seems to her now that during these two years there was no sun on earth, there were only bone-chilling autumn rains, washed-out roads, and fogs. She was surprised to hear later that Rovno was a beautiful, green city. But for her he remained gloomy and joyless for the rest of his life. It seems that in no other camp were guards committing such atrocities; nowhere was she so close to death.
And yet, still, Ksenia often told her: “You, Masha, are happy. You were born in a shirt.” Apparently, she was right. How many times in Slavuta was she threatened with exposure that she was connected with the underground. It worked out.
In Rovno we managed to escape from a prisoner of war camp to a civilian one. There she was no longer a scout, a defender of Sevastopol, but simply free labor. They were taken to Austria. At some station they dropped us off, re-sorted, and assigned numbers. It was bought by a wealthy Bauer. I started working for him. Yes, I soon found out that Ksenia was hanged in Shepetovka. Another great loss. She felt so bitter that she almost stabbed “her” Bauer with a pitchfork out of anger.
For this they sent her to a camp in the Alpine forests. I spent almost a year there. Participated in the Resistance group. Issued by a provocateur. The head of the Gestapo of the city of Salzburg himself came for her. The whole district knew: do not expect mercy from him. The interrogation began in German and ended in Russian. Mr. Gestapo chief was from Ukraine. Fellow countrymen, it turns out...
To begin with, the “countryman” knocked out her teeth. She didn’t betray her comrades. They threw him in jail. I sat in a cement basement, which was gradually filled with ice water, then taken to a burning fireplace. The torture of cold and heat seemed unbearable. But she didn't say anything. She fell down with lobar pneumonia.
Salzburg was liberated by the Americans. She was in their hospital. Then a meeting with our own people, a long journey to our homeland, devastated, burned, tormented by illnesses and hunger. Maria Baida received the Hero of the Soviet Union star later...
And another four years passed in a hospital bed. This is not in vain. The doctors cut her, patched her up, removed fragments from old wounds. And yet she was really born in a shirt. Even after everything, her life took place. She got married and raised two children - a son and a daughter.
In 1946 she returned to Dzhankoy. After some time, she moved permanently to Sevastopol. At first, M.K. Bayda worked in the system Catering. Then the city party committee sent her to manage the “Wedding Palace”. From 1961 to 1987 she was in charge of the Sevastopol city registry office. Over the course of 28 years, she gave guidance and presented marriage registration certificates to approximately 60,000 young couples and registered more than 70,000 newborns.
In her honor, a Memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Civil Registry Office of the Leninsky district of Sevastopol.
Maria Karpovna was repeatedly elected as a deputy of the city council. In 1976, by decision of the Sevastopol City Council, she was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Sevastopol.” On September 20, 2005, it was decided to give the children’s park the name “Komsomolsk Park named after Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Baida.” Her name is carved on the Memorial slab heroic defenders Sevastopol in 1941-1942.
She was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the Gold Star and For Courage medals and other awards.
Annotation sign in the park named after Hero of the Soviet Union Maria Baida, Sevastopol
Maria Karpovna died on August 30, 2002 in Sevastopol, in the city that she and her comrades so bravely defended. He rests in the Communards cemetery in Sevastopol.
*Extremist and terrorist organizations prohibited in Russian Federation: “Jehovah’s Witnesses”, National Bolshevik Party, “Right Sector”, “Ukrainian Insurgent Army” (UPA), “ Islamic State"(IS, ISIS, Daesh), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham", "Jabhat al-Nusra", "Al-Qaeda", "UNA-UNSO", "Taliban", "Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people", "Misanthropic" Division", "Brotherhood" by Korchinsky, "Trident named after. Stepan Bandera", "Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists" (OUN), "Azov", "Terrorist Community "Network"
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On June 7, 1942, Wehrmacht forces attacked Sevastopol for the third time. On this day, Maria’s unit, freed from special assignments, was sent to defend positions in the Mekenzi Mountains region. Before this battle, the girl received shrapnel wounds in her arm and head, but escaped from the hospital to fight alongside her comrades.
In this battle, she distinguished herself with desperate courage and even jumped out of the trench to get weapons and take ammunition from the dead Germans. During another enemy attack, a grenade exploded near Maria, causing her to lose consciousness. The scout woke up in the evening with a shell shock and another bleeding wound on her head.
Having assessed the situation, the girl realized that the Germans had broken through the defenses and crawled away from the position. Nearby, Maria saw two dozen Nazis and wounded Red Army soldiers taken prisoner. The girl picked up a machine gun and opened fire on the Germans who had gathered in a heap. The wounded scouts also rushed at the stunned enemy, after which hand-to-hand combat ensued.
Subsequently, comrades claimed that Maria personally killed 14 German soldiers and one officer. She killed four opponents with the butt of a machine gun during hand-to-hand combat. When the Germans were killed, Baida, who knew the layout of the minefields, led her comrades to her own.