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1. Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 17th century.

9th century – Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - “Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 – The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882 – Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 – Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 – The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945 – Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962 - The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 – Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 – Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015 – The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 – Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045 – Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 – Final design of the “Russian Truth” (“The Truth of the Yaroslavichs”).
1097 – Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 – The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 – Reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 – Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 – The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174 – The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165 – Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 – Campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199 – Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 – Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1223, May 31st. – Battle of the Kalka River.
1237–1240 – Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237 – Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238, March 4. – Battle of the City River.
1240, July 15. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 – Defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, April 5. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243 – Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264 – Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 – Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 – The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326 – Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church- metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, the transformation of Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 – Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 – The reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 – Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 – Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 – Battle of the Vozha River.
1380, September 8. – Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 – Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 – The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1410, July 15. - Battle of Grunwald. Defeat of the Teutonic Order.
1425–1453 – Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 - Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 – Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453 – Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505 – The reign of Ivan III.
1463 – Yaroslavl annexed to Moscow.
1469–1472 – Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 – Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Sheloni River.
1478 – Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508 – Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 – Tver annexed to Moscow.
1497 – Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries. – Completion of the process of formation of the Russian centralized state.
1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people, who preached the refusal of the church from all property) and Abbot Joseph of Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503 – Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533 – Reign of Vasily III.
1510 – Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 – Smolensk joins Moscow.
1521 – Ryazan annexed to Moscow.
1533–1584 – The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 – Crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible to the throne.
1549 – Beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 – Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551 – “Stoglavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552 – Kazan annexed to Moscow.
1555–1560 – Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 – Astrakhan annexed to Moscow.
1556 – Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583 - Livonian War.
1561 – Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 – Book printing begins in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572 – Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569 - Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 – First mention of the “reserved years”.
1581 – Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 – Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583 – Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598 - The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589 – Establishment of the patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597 - Decree on “ lesson years"(a five-year period of searching for fugitive peasants).
1598–1605 - Board of Boris Godunov.
1603 – Revolt of peasants and serfs led by Cotton.
1605–1606 – Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607 – Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610 – The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610 – Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the “Tushino camp”.
1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613 - “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March–June. – The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612 – The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, October 26. – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders by the Second Militia.
1613 – Election Zemsky Sobor Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 – The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617 – Conclusion of the Stolbovo “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618 – Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634 – Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

2. Russia in the 17th-18th centuries.

1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648 – Expedition of Semyon Dezhnev along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648 – Beginning of the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine.
1648 – “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650 – Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649 - Adoption by the Zemsky Sobor of a new set of laws - “ Cathedral Code» Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656 – Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654, January 8. - Pereyaslavskaya Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1654–1667 – Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662 - “Copper Riot” in Moscow.
1667 – Conclusion of the Truce of Andrusovo between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667 – Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671 – Peasants' War led by Stepan Razin.
1672, May 30. – Birth of Peter I.
1676–1682 – Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 – Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698 – Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725 – The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 – Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696 – Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698 - “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721 - North War.
1703, May 16. – Founding of St. Petersburg.
1707–1708 – Peasant revolt under the leadership of K. Bulavin.
1708, September 28. – Battle of the village of Lesnoy.
1709, June 27. - Battle of Poltava.
1710–1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 – Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714 – Decree on single inheritance (repealed in 1731).
1714, July 27. – Battle of Cape Gangut.
1718–1721 – Establishment of boards.
1720 – Battle of Grenham Island.
1721 – Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 – Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722 – Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722 – Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 – Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727 – The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730 – The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761 - The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1755, January 25. – Opening of Moscow University.
1756–1763 - Seven Years' War.
1757 – Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762 – The reign of Peter III.
1762 - “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796 – The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774 – Russian-Turkish war.
1770 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesma and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles of the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774 – Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Peace of Kainardzhi following the results of the Russian Turkish war. Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, and the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795 – Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775 – Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 – Implementation of provincial reform in Russian Empire.
1782 – Opening of the monument to Peter I “ Bronze Horseman"(E. Falcone).
1783 – Crimea joins the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785 – Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791 – Russian-Turkish War.
1789 – Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790 – Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790 – Publication of A. N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1790 – Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
1791 – Conclusion of the Peace of Jassy following the results of the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, to Russia was confirmed.
1794 – Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801 – Reign of Paul I.
1797 – Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797 – Paul I publishes a manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799 – Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.

3. Russia in the 19th century.

1801–1825 – Reign of Alexander I.
1802 – Establishment of ministries instead of collegiums.
1803 – Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803 – Adoption of a charter introducing the autonomy of universities.
1803–1804 – The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813 – Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807 – Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, December. – Defeat of Russian and Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz.
1806–1812 – Russian-Turkish War.
1807 – Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807 – Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809 – Russian swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810 – Creation State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812, June–December. – Patriotic War with Napoleon.
1812 – Conclusion of the Peace of Bucharest following the results of the Russian-Turkish War.
1812, August 26. - Battle of Borodino.
1813–1814 – Foreign trips Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813 – Conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan following the results of the Russian Iranian war.
1814–1815 – Congress of Vienna European states. Solving the issues of the structure of Europe after Napoleonic Wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815 - Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815 – Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816 – The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817 – Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864 - Caucasian War.
1818–1821 – Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 – Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 – Formation of the Northern and Southern Decembrist societies.
1821–1881 – Life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14. – Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
1825, December 29 – 1826, January 3. – Uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825–1855 – The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828 – Russian-Iranian war.
1828 – Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829 – Russian-Turkish war.
1829 – Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839 – Activities of N.V. Stankevich’s circle.
1837 – Opening of the first railway Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841 – P.D. Kiselev’s implementation of reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s – Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843 – Monetary reform by E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849 – Activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851 – Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856 - Crimean War.
1853, November. - Battle of Sinope.
1855–1881 – The reign of Alexander II.
1856 – Paris Congress.
1856 – P. M. Tretyakov founded a collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861, February 19. – Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861–1864 – Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862 – Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, T. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864 – Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885 – Joining Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867 – Sale of Alaska to the United States.
1869 – Discovery of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements by D.I. Mendeleev.
1870 – Reform of city government.
1870–1923 – Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873 – Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of universal military service.
1874, 1876 – The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”.
1877–1878 – Russian-Turkish war.
1878 – Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 – Berlin Congress.
1879 – Split of the “Land and Freedom” organization. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881 – Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882 - Formation of the Triple Alliance.
1881, March 1. – Murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya.
1881–1894 – Reign of Alexander III.
1882 – Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903 – Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887 – Adoption of the circular “on cook’s children.”
1889 – Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893 - Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905 – Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892 – P. M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917 – The reign of Nicholas II.
1895 – Invention of radio communications by A. S. Popov.
1895 – Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.”
1897 – The first general census of Russia.
1897 – Monetary reform by S. Yu. Witte.
1898 – 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899 – The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.

4. Russia in the 20th century.

1901–1902 – Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903 – II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903 – Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905 – Russian-Japanese War.
1904, August. - Battle of Liaoyang City.
1904, September. – Battle on the Shahe River.
1905, January 9. - “Bloody Sunday.” The beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907 – The first Russian revolution.
1905, February. – Defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden.
1905, May. – The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June. – Uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky”.
1905, August. – Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian Japanese war. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905, October 17. – Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1905, November. – Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905, December. – Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities.
1906, April–July. – Activities of the First State Duma.
1906, November 9. - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, February – June. – Activities of the Second State Duma.
1907, June 3. – Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912 – Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912 – Lena execution.
1912–1917 – Activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, August 1 – 1918, November 9. - World War I.
1915, August. – Creation of a Progressive block.
1916, May. - “Brusilovsky breakthrough.”
1917, February. – February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia.
1917, March 2. – Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, May. – Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government.
1917, June. – Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, July. – Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government.
1917, August. - Kornilov rebellion.
1917, September 1. – Proclamation of Russia as a republic.
1917, October 24–26. – Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. – Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3. – Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920 – Civil War in Russia.
1918 – Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March. – Carrying out Soviet government policy of "war communism".
1918, July – Execution royal family In Ekaterinburg.
1920–1921 – Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in the Tambov and Voronezh regions (“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March - Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. Territories went to Poland Western Ukraine and Western Belarus.
1921, February – March. – Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1921, March. – X Congress of the RCP(b). Transition to NEP.
1922 – Genoa Conference.
1922, December 30. – Education of the USSR.
1924 – Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December – XIV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December – XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization Agriculture.
1928–1932 – First five-year development plan National economy THE USSR.
1929 – Beginning of complete collectivization.
1930 – Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937 – The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934 – Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1934, December 1. – Murder of S. M. Kirov. The beginning of mass repressions.
1936 – Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1939, August 23. – Signing of a non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, September 1 – 1945, September 2. - The Second World War.
1939, November - 1940, March. – Soviet-Finnish War.
1941, June 22 – 1945, May 9. - The Great Patriotic War.
1941, July–September. - Battle of Smolensk.
1941, December 5–6 – Counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow.
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2. – Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, July–August. - Battle of Kursk.
1943, September – December. – Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1. – Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1944, January. – Final liquidation of the siege of Leningrad.
1944, January – February. – Korsun Shevchenko operation.
1944, June – August – Operation for the liberation of Belarus (“Bagration”).
1944, July – August – Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
1944, August – Iasi-Kishinev operation.
1945, January - February - Vistula-Oder operation.
1945, February 4–11 – Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April - May - Berlin operation.
1945, April 25 – Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, May 8 – Surrender of Germany.
1945, July 17 – August 2 – Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August - September - Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946 – The Cold War begins.
1948 – Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949 – Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949 – Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949 – Creation in the USSR nuclear weapons.
1953, March 5. – Death of I.S. Stalin.
1953, August. – Report on the testing of a hydrogen bomb in the USSR.
1953, September – 1964, October. – Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954 – Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955 – Formation of the Organization Warsaw Pact(OVD).
1956, February. – XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1956, October–November. – Uprising in Hungary; suppressed by Soviet troops.
1957, October 4. – Launch in the USSR of the world’s first artificial satellite Earth.
1961, April 12. – Yu. A. Gagarin’s flight into space.
1961, October. – XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption new Program parties - programs for the construction of communism. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August. – Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965 – The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygina.
1968 – The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972, May. – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975 – Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1980, July–August. – Olympic Games in Moscow.
1985, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev general secretary Central Committee of the CPSU.
1986, April 26. - The Chernobyl accident.
1987 – Conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988 – XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1989, May–June. – First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
1990, March. – Election of M. S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1990, June 12 - The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted.
1991 June 12. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR.
1991, July. – Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1991, August 19–21. – Attempted coup d'état (GKChP).
1991, December 8. – Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS.
1991, December 25. – M. S. Gorbachev resigns from the powers of the President of the USSR.
1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January. – Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4. – Armed clashes between supporters Supreme Council with government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12. – Elections to the Federal Assembly – the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994 – Russia joins the NATO Partnership for Peace program.
1994, December. – The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996 – Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1996, July. – Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
1997 – Creation of the state TV channel “Culture” on the initiative of D. S. Likhachev.
1998, August. – Financial crisis in Russia (default).
1999, September. – Beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.

5. Russia since the 2000s.

2000, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
2000 – Award Nobel Prize in physics Zh. I. Alferov for basic research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002 – Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for work in the field quantum physics, in particular for his research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2004, March. – Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
2005 – Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006 – Launch of a program of national projects in the field of agriculture, housing construction, health and education.
2008, March - Election of D. A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation.
2008, August - Invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Carrying out Russian army operations to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).

And I know all the dates on the history of the Unified State Exam 2018. Today I will tell you how easy it is to learn general history to pass the Unified State Exam.

Features of general history

Sometimes, when preparing for a history exam on this subject, we simply forget, but in vain! You can, of course, focus all your attention on Russian History and hope to pass, but General History makes up 10 percent of the entire exam anyway. You shouldn’t be content with the passing grades at the nearest university; you need to score the maximum in order to independently choose any educational institution.

Without learning General History, you can lose up to 20 secondary points, therefore, you can forget about 100 points. That is why it is necessary to learn, especially since it is not as scary as it seems, and for me personally, studying the “world” turned out to be much more interesting and entertaining than studying national history. It just seems that it is impossible to remember a huge number of events and persons, but the main thing is to systematize the information. Well, based on personal experience, I can say that it is not necessary to memorize General History, like Russian history, not counting the dates on the history of the Unified State Exam 2016, it is important to know them thoroughly.

How to systematize your studies?

It is best to tie dates to specific individuals and processes. Thus, the entire large volume will be divided into several blocks. In fact, there are already similar periods and you can use a ready-made classification.

So, General History consists of several parts:

• Antiquity (…-476 AD)
• Early Middle Ages (V-IX centuries)
• Developed Middle Ages (XII-XV centuries)
• Late Middle Ages(XVI-mid XVII century)
• Previously Modern times (Mid XVII-XVIII centuries)
• Late Modern era (XVIII-1914)
• Modern times(1914-1991)

This is really important to remember and understand, because such periodization will greatly facilitate your work with the world. It is also worth saying that the period of Antiquity is not included in the Unified State Examination, but it is also important to study it in order to understand where history begins, because if you start learning right away from the Early Middle Ages, then sooner or later you will have questions.

Table for dates

Having dealt with periodization, you should pay attention to the dates of the Unified State Examination in history and historical processes. To do this, I advise you to draw a table, which you divide into three columns, in the first write the required date, in the second describe the historical process in general outline(preferably in your own words), and in the third, personalities who took part in this historical process. Of course, there are ready-made tables and diagrams, but compiling them yourself will help you remember the data better. Information presented in your own words is easier to comprehend, and during recording, mechanical memory is triggered.

In order to better remember, you can connect the dates of foreign history with the dates of domestic history, this also helps a lot. Well, for general concept processes, you should watch the video (see below) and read, so don’t be lazy, go to the library, take the most common one school textbook on General History (everything in it is good, clear and described in detail).

Where is World History in the Unified State Exam?

Well, finally, it’s worth saying that the world is found in tasks: 1, 6, 11, 23 and 24, so feel free to take any USE book or go to the “Solve the USE” website and practice. These simple and straightforward actions will be enough for you to learn this ominous Universal History and not lose precious points. And if you want to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History in 2018, apply to study at the Ivan Nekrasov School. This is a rational approach. You can gain knowledge that will help you easily pass the exam with maximum number points. Modern techniques and useful tips will help even those who are poorly versed in the subject. Everything is in your hands, good luck!

Read the blog to find out even more interesting features about preparing and deciding how to learn dates in Russian history quickly!

Similar materials

June 19 is the day of maximum stress concentrated in schoolchildren across the country who have chosen history as one of their subjects to take. Of course, so many dates, so many historical events, personalities and monuments, not everyone can learn. Now you will find out how it was and what I would like to advise those who have noticed this item for delivery. Go.

Let's start with the fact that history is a subject that can seem both difficult and quite easy to understand for the same person. And the secret is that you just need to find an approach to studying it. I myself am not one of those who “crammed” everything academic year item.

For me, it was enough to have lessons, a collection of Unified State Exam assignments, videos on YouTube with lectures, and, of course, my favorite - documentary series and films on history. I looked and listened enough, and therefore, going into the exam I felt confident. Although it was not without studying the dates the evening before.

The first thing I noticed when I came to the exam was that there were a lot of empty desks in the classrooms. That is many people who applied for the history exam did not show up, apparently, the subject really scares a lot of people, but you definitely shouldn’t be scared! Excessive fuss and worries can cause you to incorrectly calculate the exam time.

By the way, 3 hours and 55 minutes are given to write 25 tasks. This time must be managed correctly. Slowly, judiciously, but deftly you need to handle the test part. There you will find events scattered over periods, and historical figures, with the characteristics of their activities, and a concept, the term of which must be highlighted and written down in response, as well as an outline map with relevant questions, and letters addressed to someone very important in history countries. Your task is not to get confused in all this diversity and answer correctly, and most importantly, within the time frame.

After reviewing the tasks of my CMM, I realized that I did not know the answers to all the questions on the test. What to do? Go home and cry? Of course not, remember that test items are written by people. This will help you in that you can imagine yourself in the place of the writer of the task and understand its logic.

If this doesn't help, you can try the same be transported into the body historical figure and consider what he would do in the given circumstances, taking into account his inclinations, interests and character traits, of course. Thus, remembering this or that event, territory, time period or characteristics of the governor, prince or emperor, you will come in small steps to the correct answer. At the same time, making sure on the way to him that all knowledge is with you.

And if the topic of the question is completely unfamiliar, you can just trust your intuition. Sometimes, she can suggest something that we suspect, but are afraid to answer.

And so, having reached open tasks, the text is being processed. In principle, logic, a little intuition and knowledge of main historical events will again come in handy here. Of course, it is better to study the activities of major historical figures in more detail, know at least one or two reforms in every sphere: social, spiritual, political and economic.

You can’t do the last task - an essay - without writing skills. The ability to write well will help you tell to the inspector reliably and purely even about an event that you don't know well.

So, to summarize, here are my useful tips that will be useful to those taking the Unified State Exam in history:

1. Find the right approach to studying history. Watch documentaries, listen to interesting lectures from teachers, read books whose plot is based on real events. In general, do what you love, connecting it with history.

2. Don't worry. It is impossible to learn everything and no one will do this, so feel confident and properly plan the time for solving tasks so that you have enough time to double-check and enter answers into the forms.

3. Don't know the answer? No problem! Think about it, think about what you would do in such a historical situation. If this doesn’t help, use your intuition – there’s nothing wrong with that.

4. You still need to rely on something: learn the main dates and study the big ones historical figures, the reforms that were adopted by them.

5. Read more. And practice writing an essay. Hone your writing skills and then the examiner will read and enjoy your work, and this will put him in the mood for you from the first line.

You know, surprisingly, after I wrote the last exam, and the stress point was behind me, I didn’t want to forget everything I had gone through, as sometimes happens. On the contrary, I wanted to study history further. After all, learning a couple of dates, listening to interesting lectures, reading facts and biographies is not at all difficult, and the way your friends and classmates who are not taking the Unified State Exam look at you when you talk about what you wrote is priceless.

History is one of the most difficult exams on the Unified State Exam. It is not surprising that students have problems passing this exam: after all, in order to pass history with excellent marks, you will need to learn a lot of information about the history of Russia over 12 centuries! However, passing the Unified State Exam in history with 100 points is quite possible. All you need to do is follow the tips in this article. The history exam requires knowledge of a huge amount of material. The Unified State Examination in this subject includes a variety of questions on the history of Russia from the 9th to the 21st centuries AD. To cope with such volumes of information, preparation for the exam should begin not in 11th grade, but in 9th grade. It would be useful to take the State Examination in history in the ninth grade - preparation for the State Examination will not only allow you to consolidate your knowledge of the material, but will also give you an idea of structure of the Unified State Exam, since these exams are very similar in format. Both the GIA and the Unified State Examination consist of three parts: A, B and C.

The first part consists of questions with a choice of answer options from four presented. You should not think that part A is easy and does not even require special preparation - the questions in this block may be unexpected and puzzling. In Part B, the student will encounter questions to which he must give the answer himself, writing it in the form of a number, date, word, or sequence of numbers. And finally, part C includes advanced level tasks that require a detailed and detailed answer. How to prepare in such a way as to cope with all three blocks without problems? As already mentioned, it is best to prepare a sled in the summer, that is, start preparing for the exam as early as possible. Teachers recommend first going through the entire history of Russia from the 9th to the 21st centuries. chronological order, and then return to the very beginning and repeat the whole path again, this time dwelling in more detail on each historical period.

Built on the same principle school course history - up to grade 9, schoolchildren study the entire history of Russia, and in grades 10-11, the course begins to be repeated. Thus, when preparing for the exam, the first “circle” will be needed in order to understand the basics of the historical process, and the second - to consolidate the learned information and study dates, names and events in more detail. A large thick notebook will be an excellent assistant in preparation, in which you should write down the main information in chronological order. historical information. It will be very useful to present the material in the form of tables, charts, diagrams - they are more visual and easier to remember. In addition to the notebook, you should keep a notepad in which the main dates will be written down. For good result Some skills and knowledge that receive little attention in history classes are very important in the exam. Firstly, this is knowledge of culture.

Many tasks in the Unified State Exam require knowledge of famous artists, architects and writers, as well as their works. But remembering a few names and titles will clearly not be enough - it is equally important to know what historical period the work belongs to, what events it is connected with, and how it was created. Only knowing all this, you don’t have to worry about how to pass the Unified State Exam in history at high score. Secondly, this is work with historical documents and sources - several tasks are devoted to this in Part C. To develop this skill, you should pay attention to textbooks in which, after each paragraph, a historical document is given on the topic and events described in the paragraph. And, of course, we must not forget about Unified State Exam assignments past years, as well as training and demo options, which contain samples of historical documents. By the way, work on Unified State Exam options in any case, it will not be superfluous - as in any other activity, theory must be combined with practice.

Finally, the most important point is remembering information. Most often, problems arise here - students simply cannot remember such volumes of information, they get confused in the names of rulers and various dates. The most important thing is to be able to create a holistic perception of the historical process, in which names, events and dates will be closely intertwined. Historical films (both documentaries and feature films) can help with this, which allow you to better understand the era and its features, historical novels. In addition, we must not forget about repetition. Exist different ways memorizing information - for example, repeating 10 dates a day or choosing a certain historical period every week and completely repeating all the information that relates to it. It is quite possible to come up with your own repetition technique that best suits a given student. The only thing that should be constant and unchanging is perseverance and determination!

Students in grades 10 and 11 are thinking about where they will go after graduating from school, what subjects they will need to take to enter a higher education institution, and how best to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history, mathematics, Russian language and physics.

Most students belong to the humanities, which means that in addition to the Russian language, they take social studies, literature and history. However, preparing for these subjects is no easier than an exam in physics or chemistry, so it is worth knowing a few important points in order to successfully pass the exam.

What are the features?

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History? Every year, the structure of assignments in various subjects, including history, changes, but the essence remains. For example, considering the features of the history exam in 2017, it is worth noting that it will consist of 2 parts and 25 tasks, where 19 questions require a short answer, and 6 require a detailed answer. All tasks have their own level of difficulty: from basic to high, each is assessed with points.

For the correct answer to a simple question you can get 1 point (for example, for the first task), and for a complete, correct and detailed answer to the last questions of the list (for example, for task 25) you can get from 1 to 11 points, so it is important to understand how to correctly prepare for the Unified State Exam in history.

To complete all exam paper 4 hours are allotted, and the student needs to properly distribute his time, spending from 1 to 7 minutes on simple questions, and up to 40-60 minutes on complex questions.

Features of preparation for the second part in history

Separately, it is worth noting that the second part of the history exam is more difficult and requires a detailed answer to the question. It will not be enough to know the exact date of the event; the student will be required to reason different topics, so it is important to decide how to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History.

For example, you need to analyze a certain event or problem. To do this, it is necessary to identify historical facts and phenomena, point to historical objects, draw a cause-and-effect relationship, compare objects or processes and draw a definite conclusion.

The second part of the exam requires long and special preparation, deep knowledge of history with the points of view of several experts and expressing your opinion.

How long do you need to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History?

The questions that will appear on the exam can be very different, including topics that were covered in 5th or 6th grade (for example, about Ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome). Therefore, we need to give ourselves the mindset that we are preparing for the Unified State Exam in history from scratch, studying the most ancient worlds. It is recommended to start in 10th grade in order to slowly work through all the questions: read information, solve various tests, to complete tasks.

Before you start studying, you should draw up a work plan, create a chronological table where you will record important dates and events, which may be a hint for repeating the material covered.

In the process of studying a certain period, it is recommended to look for information not only from the textbook. A good addition to gaining knowledge would be to watch documentary film or listening to a talk by a famous scientist.

If preparation for the Unified State Exam begins only in 11th grade, then it is more than likely that in-depth study the subject of time will not remain. Then the material needs to be divided into large periods in which it is important to remember the main events, key people, wars and reforms.

What are the ways to prepare?

Every student knows that someone is capable of studying independently and does not need outside supervision. Some people remember material better if they study with a tutor. Before you start preparing for the exam, decide how you are comfortable studying the subject and what result you expect in the end. Some will be satisfied minimum score, others need a high score, for which it is better to prepare for the exam with a teacher.

In any case, you need to read, constantly take tests, watch films. You can work through assignments from previous years that are publicly available on the Internet. This will help you understand their structure, determine your level of knowledge and evaluate your own preparation.

Preparing for the Unified State Exam in History from scratch on your own

Self-study requires some effort, faith in your knowledge and the ability to properly manage time. Before you start studying the material, you need to understand how to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history, stock up on textbooks, geographical maps, tests, notebook and pen.

The next step is to determine how much time it will take to study a topic where it is important not only to read, but also to thoughtfully analyze the information received, checking it with a map of the time being studied, writing down important dates, names and events. Then you can take a test, which will help consolidate your knowledge.

There is no need to memorize all the dates in a row, because remembering them all is unrealistic. It is important to create a system by linking dates to periods of history and key personalities who appeared at that time. Such associative memory will help you remember the material much more and wider.

We use time management in preparation

Time management is the science of time management, which can be used both in work and in life, in particular when preparing for exams. You can use different techniques, but they all boil down to a few simple rules:

1. If you have to disassemble big topic, then it is better to break it down into several small ones, which will allow you to study it more deeply and thoughtfully.
2. You should study “correctly”, measuring, for example, 30 minutes to master the material. Even if during this time you were not able to study the entire topic, you should definitely take a break for 5 minutes, and then, after a short rest, continue studying again.
3. It is definitely recommended to create a working mood, for example, by settling in a place where the topic is best remembered. Not everyone can teach while lying on the couch or listening to music. Therefore, you need to choose a desktop where books, notebooks with pens and maps will be placed.

Basic mistakes

All students make some mistakes when preparing for an exam, but they can be avoided if you approach the subject correctly. Let this be the history of Russia. We prepare for the Unified State Exam and avoid making common mistakes.

You should not start preparing a week before the exam, even if you need to score minimal amount points. If you read all the material in a few days, your memory will retain little information.

If you simply read materials on history without consolidating them, then, most likely, most of them will be forgotten. Therefore, after studying a topic, you can take a test on the topic you have studied, or ask friends or parents to ask specific questions, and you give detailed answers.

If you start preparing for the exam in advance, you should not spend the whole day studying first and then take a break for several days. Spend 2 hours every day and the information will be easier to digest.