The influence of technological progress on humans. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people. Education and employment

20.12.2020

1. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people

Man of the 21st century... What happened to him? How did you influence scientific and technical progress on people? And do they feel safer than those who lived a century ago? It is these questions that V. Soloukhin raises in his article.

According to the author, “technology has made every state and humanity as a whole powerful,” but has one person become stronger because of this? Soloukhin makes us think about the fact that there are many changes happening in the world that can help people feel more secure and comfortable. But if you look from the other side, what can one person do? He remained the same as he was without planes and cell phones, because if he has nowhere to call and fly, then why are these phones and planes needed? In addition, we, people of the 21st century, began to forget what we had acquired earlier, for example, what it means to write letters, to walk long distances.

I agree with the opinion of the author. Technological progress has not made one person stronger than he was before. I remember the work "Mtsyri", where the main character, being alone in the forest, meets wild beast- leopard. Mtsyri begins a fight with the beast and, thanks to the knife, kills it. But a modern person, having encountered an animal in the forest, would also not be able to use any other device to kill the animal, even despite the fact that in the 21st century technology has become many times more developed than in those days.

What do we mean now in this world? Can people now live without a mobile phone or computer? Will we, like our grandparents, be able to walk 10 km to school every day? I think it's worth thinking about this. After all, one gets the impression that the stronger technology becomes, the less and less strong and adapted to life a person becomes... Scientific and technological progress has long swept across the earth like a hurricane, and every day more and more new inventions appear in the world that can make life easier for humanity . But is it really that good? Let's try to look at this from several sides...

2. Man and science. Scientific and technical progress.

I agree with him on many of the problems raised by the author of the article. But it seems to me that scientific progress is not always good. Humanity has achieved enormous success in its development: a computer, a telephone, a robot, a conquered atom... But a strange thing: the stronger a person becomes, the more anxious the expectation of the future. What will happen to us? Where are we going?

Let's imagine an inexperienced driver driving his brand new car at breakneck speed. How nice it is to feel the speed, to realize that a powerful motor is subject to your every movement! But suddenly the driver realizes with horror that he cannot stop the car. Humanity is like a young driver who is rushing into an unknown distance, not knowing what lurks there, around the bend.

An example of this is the work of M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But progress has dire consequences. The uncontrolled development of science and technology worries people more and more.

Let's imagine a baby who is dressed in his father's costume. He's wearing a huge jacket, long trousers, a hat that slides down over his eyes... Doesn't this picture remind you of modern man? Without having time to grow morally, mature, and mature, he became the owner of powerful technology that is capable of destroying all life on earth. Examples of this can be found even in ancient mythology. There is a legend about Pandora's box. It talks about how one thoughtless action, human curiosity, can lead to a disastrous ending.

3.To be or not to be?

An excerpt from William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" talks about the meaning of life. On behalf of Hamlet, the author reflects: “...Is it worthy to humble yourself under the blows of fate, or is it necessary to resist?”, thereby raising one of the eternal questions: “For what does a person live?” William Shakespeare says: “What dreams will be dreamed in that mortal sleep, when the veil of earthly feelings is removed? This is the answer. This is what prolongs our life for so many years to our misfortunes.”, implying that the meaning of life is the ability to feel: to rejoice and love, to be sad and hate... Thus, the author raises a very important, in my opinion, problem of finding the meaning of life.

I completely agree with the author: there is nothing more beautiful in the world than human feelings, so diverse and vibrant in their manifestations. A person who understands the essence of life will never say: “I want to die.” On the contrary, he will hold on to life until the last, overcoming pain.

The problem raised by the author is relevant at all times and therefore cannot leave us indifferent. Many writers and poets turned to her. in the novel "War and Peace" fully reveals the theme of the search for the meaning of life. The main characters, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, are looking for spiritual refuge. Through mistakes and suffering, the heroes gain calm and confidence.

Life is not always favorable to a person; most often it does not spare anyone. I remember the work of Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”. Main character, Alexey Meresyev, who lost both legs during an air battle, did not lose the desire to live. His existence not only did not lose meaning, on the contrary, the hero more acutely felt the need for happiness, love, and understanding.

I would like to end the essay with a phrase from the movie “Forrest Gump”: “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what filling you will get.” Indeed, sometimes the most delicious candy is hidden behind a nondescript wrapper.

4. Nobility (according to Yu. Tsetlin)

Every person has his own opinion about what is good and what is bad. But there are phenomena that have same value for humanity at all times. One of similar phenomena– nobility. But real nobility, the main manifestations of which are honesty and fortitude, nobility that is not flaunted, is exactly what the author of this text writes about.

Yu. Tsetlin is concerned about the problem of true human nobility, he talks about what kind of person can be called noble, what traits are inherent this type of people.

Yu. Tsetlin believes that “one must be able to remain an honest, unshakable, proud person under all circumstances,” who, however, is characterized by both humanity and generosity.

I completely agree with the opinion of the author of the text: a noble person is distinguished by sincere love for people, a desire to help them, the ability to sympathize, empathize, and for this it is necessary to have self-esteem and a sense of duty, honor and pride.

I find confirmation of my point of view in the novel “Eugene Onegin”. main character This work, Tatyana Larina, was a truly noble person. The heroine of the novel had to marry not for love, but even when her lover, Evgeny Onegin, told her about the feeling that had suddenly flared up for her, Tatyana Larina did not change her principles and coldly answered him with a phrase that had already become an aphorism: “But I am given to another and will be forever faithful to him.”

Another ideal of a noble man was superbly described in the epic novel War and Peace. The writer endowed one of the main characters of his work, Andrei Bolkonsky, not only with external nobility, but also with internal nobility, which the latter did not immediately discover in himself. Andrei Bolkonsky had to go through a lot, rethink a lot before he could forgive his enemy, the dying Anatoly Kuragin, an intriguer and traitor, for whom he had previously only felt hatred.

Despite the fact that there are fewer and fewer noble people, I think that nobility will always be valued by people, because it is mutual assistance, mutual assistance and mutual respect that connect society into one indestructible whole.

5. Benefits of education (by)

This article discusses just this type of activity. The author extols science and education, discusses the benefits education gives to a person. In modern society it is very important to be educated. Without education, it becomes difficult not only to find a job, but also to analyze the events happening around a person, concerning himself.

This text focuses the reader’s attention not on the need for education, but on the spiritual aspect of the benefits that we receive from education. In his opinion, education, both motivated by the desire to cultivate a personality and determined by material needs, in any case brings a person “sweet fruits” - moral satisfaction.

I completely share the opinion of the author of the text that an educated person feels needed and useful to society. And this cannot but become the reason for his spiritual development. My point of view is confirmed in the story “The Jumper”. One of the main characters of this work, Dymov, a doctor by vocation, was truly devoted to his profession. He saved people by risking his life and sacrificed himself for the sake of society. And throughout the entire period of his scientific activity, Dymov formed his personality and developed spiritually.

One more a clear example may become the image of Bazarov in the work “Fathers and Sons” by another Russian classic -. Bazarov's life principles developed as a result of his passion for science. He became a personality by practicing medicine and conducting various experiments.

Education plays a huge role in the life of every person. It brings us “sweet fruits” of spiritual satisfaction and material benefit. But the most important advantage that education gives a person is, of course, the foundation for the formation of personality and the development of life goals.

6. Personality education in the learning process (according to I. Botov)

Often, by the word “education” we mean knowledge that will help us get a highly paid and prestigious profession. We think less and less about what else it provides besides material benefits...

That is why Igor Pavlovich Botov in his article touches on the problem of the need for moral education, emphasizing the importance of proper education of the individual in the learning process.

The author draws our attention to the fact that an educated but immoral person will have a destructive effect on society. A child who has not learned the basics of morality during his school years will grow up spiritually stingy. That is why it is so important for a teacher to put the best into the student’s soul, and then in the future we will encounter less soulless officials, unscrupulous politicians and criminals. Igor Botov is not indifferent to the problem he poses; he believes that the term “education” should be completely replaced with another one – “upbringing”.

I completely agree with the author, because the methods modern education, in my opinion, they prioritize, first of all, material gain, relegating spirituality to the background. Life examples, confirming my position, I see every day at school: the growing indifference to moral values of my peers from year to year, their lack of spirituality is truly alarming. It’s becoming less and less common to see a caring teacher who comes into the classroom with the desire to teach the children something, and not just teach another lesson and go home quickly. This state of affairs causes sadness, because it is the teacher who can instill in the child the first basics of “humanity.”

For example, it is worth recalling the work of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin “French Lessons”. Lidia Mikhailovna, in order to somehow help the boy who did not want to take money and food from her, began to play wall with him for money. When the director found out about this, she lost her job, but the teacher’s act became a lesson in kindness and understanding for the boy for the rest of his life.

Once upon a time, Aristotle said: “Whoever advances in science, but lags behind in morality, goes backward rather than forward.” The philosopher’s words perfectly reflect the situation of current education, which is so in need of morality.

7. The problem of educating true masters of art (by)

Why is it necessary to take the education of artists seriously? This question cannot be answered unambiguously. Perhaps this is why Mozgovoy turns to the problem of educating true masters of art.

This problem is very acute in modern society. After all, art has always played one of the most important roles in our world. Many people, after graduating from school, strive to devote their lives to art. More and more educational institutions, training actors, musicians, singers, artists, appears every year. However, some believe that six months is enough to become the best in the performing arts profession. Others are sure that true talent comes after time and that a lot of effort must be spent in order for a talented singer, musician or actor to appear. The author of the text belongs to them.

Leonid Pavlovich Mozgovoy, considering the problem of educating true masters of the performing arts, comes to the conclusion that only truly talented actors, singers and musicians, who reach the heights of performing art at the cost of incredible work and patience, honing their skills for years, are able to convey to the mind and heart of the viewer precious words and music of great masters.

I completely share the author’s point of view. Indeed, how can you learn to be the best in your business in just six months? Especially when it comes to artists. After all, this is hard work that is achieved with great effort. And it is impossible to learn to sing, play a musical instrument or compose music in six months. After all, the main purpose of art is to sow “good, reasonable and eternal.” But you cannot learn this in a short period of time. And anyone who tries to convince us otherwise is simply not worthy of being called a true master of the performing arts.

Many Russian and foreign writers addressed the problem of the importance of serious education of artists. I am reminded of Gogol and his “Portrait”. One of the main characters was so eager to understand the essence of art that he devoted almost his entire life to it. At the end of his life, he wrote a true masterpiece, although his path was not distinguished by true glory. And the famous artist Raphael studied art all his life, even when he became famous. And now we never cease to admire his works!

Thus, it is necessary to take the education of artists seriously. It is necessary to put in a lot of effort to become a true servant of art and delight others with your masterpieces. Otherwise, nothing good will simply happen.

8. Moral values (according to Kryukov)

Does a person accurately assess his abilities? What can a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-esteem lead to? What is the true worth of a person?

According to the author, each person must occupy a place corresponding to his capabilities, otherwise his activities will only bring harm. Kryukov believes that one must be able to assert one’s “I” in such a way as not to cause condemnation from others. Using the example of the proud pharaoh, the author focuses our attention on the fact that everything secret always becomes clear - the true value of a person is sooner or later revealed anyway.

Every person is looking for his place in life. The way Nikolka from Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard” does this - his actions, the moral values that he adheres to - all this is an example of the path to the intended goal of a noble person. “Not a single person should break his word of honor, because it will be impossible to live in the world,” Nikolka believed. It doesn’t matter what exactly this man achieved in life, the main thing is that he moved forward, remaining a man of honor.

But, unfortunately, not all people go to their intended goal along the righteous path. An example of a life path built solely on lies, cruelty and atrocities is the path to power of Lavrentiy Beria. This man considered all people beneath him and tried to belittle them at any opportunity. For Beria, it was important in life to win at any cost, by any means, at any cost, even dishonestly.

If we want to achieve something in life and at the same time not lose the respect of the people around us, we must correctly assess our abilities, be honest and conscientious...

The development of technology in the last quarter century has greatly changed the way we live.

In 1980, there were no cell phones, people got information from books, and when a person wanted to buy the latest music records, he went to a record store. Today you can get all this without leaving your home using the Internet. As the world's use of computers increases, the "brains" of the computer—the processors—shrink in size.

A tiny chip can store a large amount of information in mobile phones or digital cameras, making technological innovations compact.

Rising oil prices have caused increased interest in alternative fuel engines. The most popular are hybrid cars, which use electricity and gasoline.

The use of fiber optic cable has significantly improved the quality of telephone communications.

The development of technology and the Internet has changed the way we conduct financial transactions and use banking services.

In space exploration, the ultra-powerful telescope has allowed us to see galaxies located more than 12 billion light years from earth. Automatic spaceships landed on Mars.

Other innovations include a battery, weather forecasting and a scanning microscope.

(based on the text “25 of the best inventions of mankind over the last 25 years” // http://zvesti.ru)

make a revolution -

key factor

Destroy -

take a big leap -

alternative fuel –

make a big contribution -

financial operations -

practical use-

1. Modern mobile phones and digital cameras have the ability to store large amounts of information, which makes these technological innovations compact.

2. Satellite TV and radio expanded choices for people.

3. Advances in technology and the Internet have changed the way we we carry out financial operations.

4. Although the laser technology was patented in 1960, these technologies have become apply only many years later.

1. Wireless technologies. 2. Defense technologies. 3. Alternative technologies.

4. Biotechnology.

5. Computers. 6. Lasers. 7. Genome. 8. Global finance. 9. Processors. 10. Digital storage devices. 11. Space.12.

Optical fiber. 13. Satellite radio and television. 14. DNA analysis.15. Video games.

16. Biometrics. 17. Energy and water saving technologies. 18. Scanning microscope.

19. Batteries. 20. Anti-spam technologies. 21. Remote controls. 22. Cloning of animals. 23. Computer modeling technologies. 24. Screens with a large diagonal. 25. Weather forecasting technologies.

(based on materials from the site http://zvesti.ru)

1. The reviewer ______________ my article and made a number of comments.

2. A scientist __________________ all the literature available in the library on the problem of interest to him. 3. In the evening, mother usually_______________________ notebooks and asked about school news.

4._______________________ all issues of the magazine "Russian Language Abroad" for twolast year, there are several articles on the topic of your article.

5. Due to absent-mindedness, the student ________________________________ an error in written work.

6. During the holidays I am going to ____________________________ all the new films.

7. After failing the exam, he __________________________ his attitude towards studying. 8. When I was driving

on the bus, it was snowing heavily, and I ______________________________ my stop.9. It is necessary to take into account all the comments made at the meeting and __________________________ curricula.10. I started talking to my neighbor and ___________________________ the moment when they scored a goal.

1. The graduate student read the entirescientific literatureon the topic of his dissertation.

2. The supervisor has read the contentcoursework and gave it to the author for revision. 3. The secretary sorted out the received correspondence and laid it out.

4. In the morning he's only cursory I read the morning newspapers, and in the evening I read them from cover to cover.

5. He cheatedyoursattitude towards the new project.

8. The editor-in-chief began his working day by getting acquainted with the correspondents' notes and selecting the most interesting ones.

9. I watched all the films with the participation of my favorite actor from the first to the last.

image Vl ustny - power;

wonderful - wonderful.

Agency, unknown, voiceless, delicious, gigantic, vile, woeful, cumbersome, amateurish, valiant, provincial, interesting, commandant, inert, bone, local, daughter-in-law, stormy, patroller, neighborhood, dangerous, agenda, send, post, idle, charming, partial, peer, whistle, whistle, heart, verbal, sun, reed, terrible, oral, whip, crunch, whole, wonderful, patronize, furious.

Test yourself

1. Which word is missing the letter “T”:

Doble...ny

Delicious

Dangerous

Horrible

2. Indicate a word with an unpronounceable consonant:

Unusual

Verbal

Leatherette

Incident

3. Specify the test word for: Les..ny (review):

4. Indicate phrases with unpronounceable consonants:

crossfire, rare exhibit, private face, cable. “Nick bushes”

dear selves, oblique.. glance, enemy invasion.. invasion, Norman.. motives

wonderful..evening, stating the facts, long-awaited Sunday..day, delicious..dinner

a magnificent feast, an interesting book, a terrible incident, a skilled craftsman

Glossary	In Russian	Kazakh
In English	Crash
	Apat, kuireu, qirau
Aspan bigi, tas-tobe	Natural science	Zharatylystan
Natural science	Adaptation
Beyimdelu	Adequate
Dal, parapar
Alternative	Antithesis
	Karama-karsylyk
Arkim, Arbireu	Argumentation
Daleldeme	Cardinal

Kokeikesti, tubegaili

The influence of scientific and technological progress on people
According to the author, “technology has made every state and humanity as a whole powerful,” but has one person become stronger because of this? Soloukhin makes us think about the fact that there are many changes happening in the world that can help people feel more secure and comfortable. But if you look from the other side, what can one person do? He remained the same as he was without planes and cell phones, because if he has nowhere to call and fly, then why are these phones and planes needed? In addition, we are people of the 21st century, we have begun to forget what we have acquired earlier, for example, what it means to write letters, to walk long distances.
I agree with the opinion of the author. Technological progress has not made one person stronger than he was before. I remember the work of M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri”, where the main character, being alone in the forest, meets a wild animal - a leopard (I don’t remember exactly whether it was a leopard). Mtsyri begins a fight with the beast and, thanks to the knife, kills it. But a modern person, having encountered an animal in the forest, would also not be able to use any other device to kill the animal, even despite the fact that in the 21st century technology has become many times more developed than in the time of M.Yu. Lomonosov.
What do we mean now in this world? Can people now live without a mobile phone or computer? Will we, like our grandparents, be able to walk 10 km to school every day? I think it's worth thinking about this. After all, one gets the impression that the stronger technology becomes, the less and less strong and adapted to life a person becomes...

."To be or not to be"

Is life worth the humiliation and misfortunes that a person experiences along the way? Isn’t it easier to stop mental tossing with one movement than to fight for truth and happiness for a whole century?
An excerpt from William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" talks about the meaning of life. On behalf of Hamlet, the author reflects: “...Is it worthy to submit to the blows of fate, or is it necessary to resist?”, thereby raising one of the eternal questions: “For what does a person live?” William Shakespeare says: “What dreams will be dreamed in that mortal sleep, when the veil of earthly feelings is removed? This is the answer. This is what prolongs our life for so many years to our misfortunes.”, implying that the meaning of life is the ability to feel: to rejoice and love, to be sad and hate... Thus, the author raises a very important, in my opinion, problem of finding the meaning of life.
I completely agree with the author: there is nothing more beautiful in the world than human feelings, so diverse and vibrant in their manifestations. A person who understands the essence of life will never say: “I want to die.” On the contrary, he will hold on to life until the last, overcoming the pain.
The problem raised by the author is relevant at all times and therefore cannot leave us indifferent. Many writers and poets turned to her. L.N. Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” fully reveals the theme of searching for the meaning of life. The main characters, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, are looking for spiritual refuge. Through mistakes and suffering, the heroes gain calm and confidence.
Life is not always favorable to a person; most often it does not spare anyone. I remember the work of Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”. The main character, Alexey Meresyev, who lost both legs during an air battle, has not lost the desire to live. Alexey demonstrated extraordinary resilience. His existence not only did not lose meaning, on the contrary, the hero more acutely felt the need for happiness, love, and understanding.
Life is boring if it is not colored by dreams, quests, discoveries, and joy. And although sometimes failures fall on the head of the seeker of truth, at the end of the road everyone will be rewarded according to their deserts.
I would like to end with a phrase from the movie “Forrest Gump”: “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what filling you’ll come across.” Indeed, sometimes the most delicious candy is hidden behind a nondescript wrapper.

Nobility (according to Yu. Tsetlin)

Nowadays, people have forgotten the meaning of the word nobility; it has become a kind of archaism in modern world. Now nobility is ridiculed, just as in ancient times they ridiculed the vices that affected the soul.

The nobility of a person is determined not by position or noble origin. This is exactly what the author of the text, Yu. Tsetlin, is talking about, noting that, to a greater or lesser extent, nobility is characteristic of every firm and honest person.

I completely agree with the position of the author of this text that many people replace values by mistaking “arrogance and arrogance” for true nobility. There is a lot of confirmation of my position in literature, for example, Victor Hugo’s novel “Les Miserables”. Former convict Jean Valjean, having become mayor, saves his worst enemy, who has been slandering him for many years, from inevitable death. Risking his life, Jean Valjean pulled the old man out from under the overturned cart, mired in the swamp along with its passenger. As an example of pseudo-nobility, we can cite the heroine of Choderlos de Laclos’ novel “Dangerous Liaisons,” the Marquise de Merteuil. The Marquise, being a rich, noble woman with excellent manners, cruelly took revenge on her opponents over trifles, not disdaining lies, betrayal and hypocrisy.

People will probably continue to replace values for a very long time, forgetting about their original meaning. So far, nobility as a normal phenomenon, and not a deviation, seems to me to be something unattainable. A dream. Utopia.

Nobility (according to Yu. Tsetlin)

Every person has his own opinion about what is good and what is bad. This is usually associated with big amount personal associations, with differences in the intellectual and spiritual development of people, with the specifics of the social situation around them. But there are phenomena that have had the same meaning for humanity at all times.
One of these phenomena is nobility. But real nobility, the main manifestations of which are honesty and fortitude, nobility that is not flaunted, is exactly what the author of this text writes about. Yu. Tsetlin is concerned about the problem of true human nobility; he talks about what kind of person can be called noble, what traits are inherent in this type of people.
A noble man is a rarity these days. After all, noble deeds are activities aimed primarily at helping people, activities based on sensitivity to their problems. Yu. Tsetlin in the text proposed for analysis gives shining example a truly noble man - Don Quixote. Through the image of a well-known literary hero, the author of the article shows that the desire to fight evil and injustice is the foundation of true nobility, the foundation on which an outstanding personality is built.
Yu. Tsetlin believes that “one must be able to remain an honest, unshakable, proud person under all circumstances,” who, however, is characterized by both humanity and generosity.
I completely agree with the opinion of the author of the text: a noble person is distinguished by sincere love for people, a desire to help them, the ability to sympathize, empathize, and for this it is necessary to have self-esteem and a sense of duty, honor and pride.
I find confirmation of my point of view in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. The main character of this work, Tatyana Larina, was a truly noble person. The love of her life initially turned out to be unrequited, and the heroine of the novel had to marry not for love. But even when her lover, Evgeny Onegin, told her about the feeling that had suddenly flared up for her, Tatyana Larina did not change her principles and coldly answered him with a phrase that had already become an aphorism: “But I was given to another and I will be faithful to him forever.”
Another ideal of a noble man was superbly described by L.N. Tolstoy in his epic novel War and Peace. The writer endowed one of the main characters of his work, Andrei Bolkonsky, not only with external nobility, but also with internal nobility, which the latter did not immediately discover in himself. Andrei Bolkonsky had to go through a lot, rethink a lot before he could forgive his enemy, the dying Anatoly Kuragin, an intriguer and traitor, for whom he had previously only felt hatred. This example illustrates the ability of a noble person to achieve true spiritual heights.
Despite the fact that there are fewer and fewer noble people every decade, I think that nobility will always be valued by people, because it is mutual assistance, mutual assistance and mutual respect that connect society into one indestructible whole.

The benefits of education (according to A.F. Losev)

We often think about how our actions benefit us. Depending on personal needs, character traits, life principles, we give priority to either spiritual satisfaction or material gain. But there are types of activities that benefit us both morally and materially.
An article by A.F. Losev, a famous Russian philosopher, discusses just this type of activity. The author extols science and education, discusses the benefits education gives to a person.
In modern society it is very important to be educated. Without education, it becomes difficult not only to find a job, but also to analyze the events happening around a person, concerning himself. Now in many countries, obtaining a basic general education is mandatory because without the basic knowledge acquired at school, it is impossible to live in society.
In this text, A.F. Losev focuses the reader’s attention not on the need for education, but on the spiritual aspect of the benefits that we receive from education. In his opinion, education, both motivated by the desire to cultivate a personality and determined by material needs, in any case brings a person “sweet fruits” - moral satisfaction.
I completely share the opinion of the author of the text that an educated person feels needed and useful to society. And this cannot but become the reason for his spiritual development.
My point of view is confirmed in the story by A.P. Chekhov “The Jumper”. One of the main characters of this work, Dymov, a doctor by vocation, was truly devoted to his profession. He saved people by risking his life and sacrificed himself for the sake of society. And throughout its entire period scientific activity Dymov formed his personality and developed spiritually.
Another clear example can be the image of Bazarov in the work “Fathers and Sons” by another Russian classic - I. S. Turgenev. Bazarov's life principles developed as a result of his passion for science. He became a personality by practicing medicine and conducting various experiments.
Education plays a huge role in the life of every person. It brings us “sweet fruits” of spiritual satisfaction and material benefit. But the most important advantage that education gives a person is, of course, the foundation for the formation of personality, the formation of life goals and principles, and the development of the spiritual component of a person.

Personality education in the learning process (according to I. Botov)

Often, by the word “education” we mean knowledge that will help us get a highly paid and prestigious profession. We think less and less about what else it provides besides material benefits...
That is why Igor Pavlovich Botov in his article touches on the problem of the need for moral education, emphasizing the importance of proper education of the individual in the learning process.
The author draws our attention to the fact that an educated but immoral person will have a destructive effect on society. A child who has not learned the basics of morality during his school years will grow up spiritually stingy. That is why it is so important for a teacher to put the best into the student’s soul, and then, perhaps, in the future we will encounter less soulless officials, unscrupulous politicians and criminals.
Igor Botov is not indifferent to the problem he poses; he believes that the term “education” should be completely replaced with another one – “upbringing”.
I completely agree with the author, because the methods of modern education, in my opinion, prioritize material gain, relegating spirituality to the background.
I see real-life examples that confirm my position every day at school: the growing indifference to moral values of my peers from year to year, their lack of spirituality is truly alarming. It’s becoming less and less common to see a caring teacher who comes into the classroom with the desire to teach the children something, and not just teach another lesson and go home quickly. This state of affairs causes sadness, because it is the teacher who can instill in the child the first basics of “humanity.”
For example, it is worth recalling the work of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin “French Lessons”. Lidia Mikhailovna, in order to somehow help the boy who did not want to take money and food from her, began to play wall with him for money. When the director found out about this, she lost her job, but the teacher’s act became a lesson in kindness and understanding for the boy for the rest of his life.
Once upon a time, Aristotle said: “Whoever advances in science, but lags behind in morality, goes backward rather than forward.” The philosopher’s words perfectly reflect the situation of current education, which is so in need of morality.

Selfishness, lack of compassion (according to B. Vasiliev)

It is impossible to imagine our world without a sympathetic, lively attitude towards each other. People are always in great need of someone's compassion and understanding. But, unfortunately, we don’t think about it so often.
In this text, B. Vasiliev raises the problem of selfishness and lack of compassion in some people. In my opinion, it is quite relevant. This moral issue forces the reader to think deeply about his own behavior. The author talks about children who, in order to create a museum, took the most precious thing from their mother - letters about their son who died at the front.
The position of the author of the text is clear. B. Vasiliev believes that people sometimes do not think at all about what pain their rash act can bring to others. So for the mother, after the letters were taken from her, the son “faded away, died, died a second time, and now forever.”
One cannot but agree with the author’s opinion that people can sometimes be very selfish and ruthless. Thinking only about personal gain, he commits cruel acts that bring grief to those around him.
This problem is reflected in I. Turgenev’s story “Mumu”. The janitor Gerasim picked up the puppy. He loved him very much, looked after him, fed him, took care of him. Mumu became the only joy in the life of the dumb janitor. But the lady did not like the puppy, and therefore Gerasim was forced to drown Mumu. It is impossible to convey in words his state after such an act. Because of the whim of the lady, he lost his only friend.
Literary critic and public figure D.S. Likhachev addressed this issue. In one of his letters, he says that in our time, unfortunately, there are more and more callous and soulless people, incapable of pity or compassion for others, who care only about themselves.
Thus, we come to the following conclusion: people should treat each other with understanding and compassion.

"Fathers and Sons" (according to M. Ageev)

Parents...Love...Care...Patience...What unites these concepts? What is the true meaning behind them? Why are we embarrassed by our parents and don’t appreciate their love and care? The author of the source text suggests thinking about these questions.
M. Ageev raises a problem that the greatest minds of the past have pondered and which remains relevant today. It can be described as the problem of “fathers and sons”.
What prevents us (children) from realizing true value? parental love? Why do we always strive to be away from them (parents) and become independent? After all, parents are the most dear and close people. They want to help us, but sometimes we rudely reject their help and don’t think about how much it hurts them. We (children) must remember that they gave us life! Then why are we embarrassed by our parents, how they dress, how they speak and what they do. After all, when they are not around, emptiness, sadness, and severe pain appear in the soul, which cannot be drowned out. We remember how we treated them with disrespect, how many insults we brought to them, although our parents never show how much it hurts them!
The author’s point of view on this problem, in my opinion, is absolutely clear: he believes that children often perceive only the external beauty of a person, without realizing the depth of their parents’ love and their spiritual generosity. It often happens that we don’t have the courage to admit to other people that the person you recently talked to is your dad or mom.
As for me, before I was often embarrassed by my mother, I didn’t like the way she dressed, the way she spoke, but now, gradually, with age, I understood a lot. Parents are everything to me. I live for them, and they live for us, the children. Therefore, no matter what parents do, they will always do it only for our sake, constantly forgetting about themselves.
Continuing to reflect on the issue raised, I would like to give arguments from fiction.
One such example is the comedy by D. I. Fonvizin “The Minor”. Despite the fact that Mrs. Prostakova is a rude, greedy landowner, she loves her only son Mitrofan and is ready to do anything for him. But the son turns away from her at the most tragic moment.
This example shows us that parents try to do everything for the benefit of their children. But children, unfortunately, cannot always appreciate and understand this.
The relationship between children and parents cannot be cloudless or ideal. But we must learn to mutual understanding.
The hero of the story by A. S. Pushkin “ Stationmaster“Samson Vyrin loves his daughter very much, but a passing hussar takes Dunya with him. The father, distraught with grief, becomes an alcoholic and dies, and Dunya appears only at his grave.
In conclusion, I would like to say that you need to take care of your parents, respect them and not cause them harm.

The fate of the book (book or internet?) (according to S. Curius)

But only a book can awaken real feelings in the reader. But about feelings, all adjectives, I wrote below, maybe there’s no need to describe them there?

Book or Internet? What does modern society choose? What is the advantage of library information over computer information? What is the fate of the book? S. Kurii reflects on this in his article.
The author in this text raises the problem of the future of the Book.
This problem posed by S. Curie is very relevant in modern society. Television, computers, and the Internet, of course, make work easier in many ways, and they have their own advantages. But only a book can awaken real feelings in the reader.
The author’s position is obvious: the book will not die, but its printed format will certainly change to a computer one. A book is first and foremost a text, but the format in which it is presented does not matter to the essence of the book.
I completely agree with the author’s position that the book will not die. Unhurried reflection on the text, durability of paper, high-quality information - this is where a book surpasses a computer.
The facts that we encounter every day speak in favor of the author’s position. Let's remember how, as a child, my mother read me a bedtime story. At this time we begin to get acquainted with the book. Thanks to her, we can be transported to unknown places, meet amazing characters, and accomplish great feats. What feelings visited us? Only bright, joyful, carefree. Only a book can do this.
Humanity has achieved enormous success in its development: a computer, a telephone, a robot, a conquered atom... But the strange thing is: the stronger a person becomes, the more anxious the expectation of the future. What will happen to us? Where are we going? Let's imagine an inexperienced driver driving his brand new car at breakneck speed. How pleasant it is to feel the speed, how pleasant it is to realize that a powerful motor is subject to your every movement! But suddenly the driver realizes with horror that he cannot stop his car. Humanity is like this young driver who is rushing into an unknown distance, not knowing what is lurking there, around the bend.
Nowadays, a computer makes a person’s life more comfortable and convenient, but a book will always remain a “selfless and faithful friend.” One can blame the author for conservatism, but still there is a problem, and it is far from as simple as it might seem at first glance.

Can a computer and the Internet supplant books (according to K. Zhurenkov)

“Computer” and “Internet” are two words that we hear almost every day. These concepts have firmly entered our lives and become an integral part of our lives, without which now, in the 21st century, it is almost impossible to imagine human existence.
The Internet is a global network that has covered (a web that has enveloped) all spheres of human activity; in a matter of seconds, with its help, you can get the necessary information by simply pressing a key. With its speed and accessibility, the Internet has won many fans, who, unfortunately, have forgotten that this truly great achievement of civilization is by no means the only one. At one time, the same revolutionary breakthrough was the invention of a printing device, thanks to which people had the opportunity to read the great works of Russian and foreign classics. Turning page after page, readers had the opportunity not only to “touch” the heroes of brilliant works and live their lives, but also to penetrate into the consciousness of the creator himself, empathize and create with him.
The computer and the Internet appeared, and reading, accompanied by magical
touching the pages, gave way to exclusively visual perception
work of art from the monitor screen, often even in summary. It is the problem of the book being replaced by the computer and the Internet that the author of the source text addresses.
K. Zhurenkov discusses the pros and cons of the Internet, asserting its necessity as a reference tool. The author also considers e-mail to be its undoubted advantage, which, in his opinion, is actively reviving the epistolary genre. In addition, Zhurenkov is confident that the Internet can be used to teach improvisation and composition, but nothing more.
The problem raised by the author of the text offered to us undoubtedly exists, it is by no means invented by him, and the author, of course, has his own point of view on it. He believes, not without reason, that the book, no matter what, will continue to exist, since it has undoubted advantages: firstly, paper is more durable, secondly, it does not require a power source, thirdly, viruses will not “eat it” and will not be erased by an inattentive user; fourthly, the book cannot freeze interesting place.
It is difficult to disagree with the author’s statements: he very thoroughly proves the advantages of the book, its materiality and stability.
Continuing to reflect on the issue raised, I would like to make other arguments in favor of books, and especially fiction.
In addition to the opportunity discussed above to come into contact with the characters and the author of a work through the pages, there is another aspect that advocates for paper media: by turning over the pages and looking at them, we imprint in our memory not only the text, but also the images that arise in our imagination in connection with each new leaf. The monitor does not allow you to manually turn the page, and therefore the tangible imagery, so important for memorizing and understanding artistic work, disappears.
works.
It is absolutely impossible not to mention the greater eye fatigue caused by even the most modern and advanced screen, which, in addition to harm to health, also reduces the level of perception of information from the computer and the Internet.
In conclusion, I would like to quote the author of the original text, who, in my opinion,
look, uses a truly ingenious comparison that simultaneously expresses the essence of the real problem and its solution: “It is one thing to have music completed and recorded on a tape or other medium, and quite another thing to consider jazz as improvisation that is not driven into boundaries.”

Book (according to Etoev)

Book...What is it for you? Good advisor or plain bound paper? For some, this is the world. And even life.
What is the significance of the book in the fate of a person? How the first books can influence the future life path? Above these topical issues Etoev reflects in his text.
The author states that “a person measures the steps of his heart by good books”, calls the latter a “point of convergence” for people. The publicist convinces readers that the book is “a real space of life.”
Of course, the author's position cannot be called detached. In Etoev’s words there is admiration for the book, he conveys great significance to it and reveals new facets of the problem of the meaning of a book in a person’s life.
It is difficult to disagree with the author's opinion. Indeed, books can influence a person’s worldview, character, and actions. They can unite people, and in childhood, books lay the foundations of morality and ethics.
In world and Russian literature there are many examples in which the problem given in the text is reflected - “The Golden Rose” by Paustovsky, “Childhood” by Gorky, “Jane Eyre” by Bronte, articles by Arakcheev, Astafiev, Genis... This series can be continued for a long time. But it's worth paying attention Special attention to one of Likhachev’s “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”: the publicist tells how he and his family loved to read Leskov and Mamin-Sibiryak, and that the books of these authors influenced his further work.
In addition, it can be said that one book can influence the course of history. For example, Adolf Hitler grew up in a religious, believing family, but after reading the book “As Spoke Zarathustra” by Nietzsche, he changed his attitude towards the world towards Nazism and fascism.
Thus, the book is our teacher, mentor, our guiding star with which we walk through life. Our principles and beliefs depend on which book we choose as a reference book. That's why she plays important role in our life.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

YOUTH AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE

ODESSA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

them. I. I. MECHNIKOVA

Department of Medical Knowledge and Lifestyle

Abstract on the topic:

“THE INFLUENCE OF CIVILIZATION DEVELOPMENT ON HUMAN HEALTH”

Female students

Faculty of Information Technologies

courses, 2 groups

specialty: computer engineering

Lebedeva Valeria Valerievna

Teacher: Polishchuk L. M.

Odessa 2014

Introduction

Progress. Scientific and technical progress

1 Progress

2 Scientific and technical progress

The impact of progress on humans

1 Electricity

2 Computer

3 Mobile phone

4 Transport

5 Nuclear power

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

“Progress is the replacement of only troubles

to others, even larger ones.”

H.G. Wells

This paper examines the role of the development of civilization, in particular, technological progress on human life and health.

Technical progress implies a breakthrough in science and technology with the aim of improving, simplifying and improving human life, but it carries certain sacrifices made by humanity for the sake of progress. Scientific and technological progress is firmly rooted in our lives today. Modern man, through his mother's milk, absorbs the idea of its undoubted benefits. Scientific and technological progress (STP) seems to be the “great benefactor” of humanity. Let's consider - is this true?

Target:prove the correctness of this judgment or refute it.

Tasks:

1) Consider the concept of progress.

) Show positive and negative sides achievements of progress.

1. Progress. Scientific and technical progress

1.1 Progress

Progress - (Latin progressus - movement forward, success) - the direction of progressive development, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect.

The idea of progressive development entered science as a secularized version of the Christian belief in providence. The biblical aspirations of the prophets reflected the image of the future as a sacred, predetermined and irreversible process of human development, guided by the divine will. But humanity thought about progress much earlier, back in the days of ancient Greece.

Somewhat later, in the Middle Ages, R. Bacon tried to use the concept of progress in the ideological field. He suggested that scientific knowledge, accumulating over time, becomes increasingly improved and enriched. And in this sense, each new generation in science is able to see better and further than its predecessors. The words of Bernard of Chartres are widely known today: “Modern scientists are dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants.”

Gradually, the concept of progress spread to the development of universal history and was introduced into literature and art. The diversity of social orders in different civilizations began to be explained by differences in the stages of progressive development. A kind of “ladder of progress” was built, at the top of which are the most developed and civilized Western societies, and below at different levels are other cultures, depending on their level of development.

IN Modern times The decisive role in progressive development began to be assigned to man. M. Weber emphasized the general trend of rationalization in the management of social processes.

In general, the classical concept of progress can be represented as an optimistic idea of the gradual liberation of humanity from ignorance and fear on the way to ever higher and more refined levels of civilization. Type, direction of development, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect.

.2 Scientific and technological progress

Scientific and technological revolution (progress) in the narrow sense is a radical restructuring of the technical foundations of material production, which began in the middle of the 20th century, based on the transformation of science into a leading factor of production, as a result of which the transformation of industrial society into post-industrial society occurs.

The modern era of scientific and technological revolution began in the 40-50s. It was then that its main directions were born and developed: production automation, control and management based on electronics; the creation and use of new structural materials, etc. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-Earth space began. New major scientific discoveries and inventions of the 70-80s gave rise to the second, modern, stage of scientific and technological revolution. Today it is well known that after the basic laws of atomic physics and atomic nuclei, the specific quantum-relativistic nature of their structural components (electron, proton and neutron) and gamma quanta was revealed, new quantum ideas about the structure of matter and the physics of optical phenomena were formed, a whole series of applied sciences of physical and physical-technical profile began to emerge and develop: radio electronics , microelectronics, semiconductor technology, nuclear technology and nuclear energy, plasma technology, quantum electronics (laser technology), technical cybernetics and many, many others. These new directions in applied science, in turn, served as the basis for the creation of a number of new, progressive, knowledge-intensive branches of modern industrial production, such as, for example, the radio-electronic and semiconductor industries, and the production of electronic computers. The main directions of the scientific and technological revolution of the XX-XXI centuries, such as the discovery and use of new types of energy, primarily intranuclear, complex automation of production, control and management based on the widespread use of computers, the creation and use of new types of structural materials, space exploration - one way or another otherwise, directly or indirectly conditioned and predetermined scientific discoveries in the field of basic physical science.

2. The impact of progress on humans

scientific technical civilization health

With the continuous development of science and technology and with the increasingly widespread application of all their achievements, not only the advantages of modern scientific and technological progress have become noticeable, but also its very impressive disadvantages. The most obvious of the negative factors is the destructive impact on nature, which entails a violation of the ecological balance on the planet, which can lead to a planetary catastrophe. But it is not only the environment that is being destroyed by uncontrolled scientific and technical progress. The person himself is gradually degrading, surrounded by more and more new benefits that allow him to move less, remember less, think less and communicate completely differently. Modern man is becoming increasingly weaker physically, poisoned by the achievements of chemistry and irradiated by new electronics, he is degrading morally, allowing into his consciousness the propaganda of consumerism and selfishness of the “king of nature” and is not changing for the better socially and intellectually.

So, let's look at some of the main achievements of scientific and technological revolution: electricity, computers, automobiles, nuclear energy.

2.1 Electricity

Modern society Now he cannot imagine himself without electricity and, accordingly, electrical devices widely used in industry and in everyday life. We all believe that electricity is one big plus: lighting, heating, water supply and ventilation of industrial and administrative buildings. Without this electrical energy trolleybuses, trams, metro, cars will stop moving Railway, your favorite computers, televisions, and household appliances will refuse to work. However, it requires careful use. Careless handling of electricity can result in physical injury such as electric shock or burns, which can be fatal.

2.2 Computer

A computer is a device capable of performing a given, clearly defined sequence of operations. These are most often operations of numerical calculations and data manipulation, however, this also includes input-output operations. A description of a sequence of operations is called a program. The advent of computers has revolutionized our lives. They changed our approach to work, study, leisure and other aspects of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, microcomputers have made a significant evolutionary journey. Now, in the 21st century, life without a computer is hard to imagine. They are found almost everywhere: at home, on the street, at work, in a store, etc.

pros

1)The computer brings us great convenience and makes our work easier.

)Save paper.

)Computers help us communicate; we can talk and even see a person on the other side of the world.

Minuses

1)Harmful to the psyche and eyes.

)Electromagnetic radiation

)Computer and Internet - people leave real life.

)“Live” communication is reduced to zero.

)Becomes dependent on the computer

)Total degradation of society

Subjective PC complaints possible reasons for their origin

Subjective complaints Possible reasonsPain in the eyes Visual ergonomic parameters of the monitor, lighting in the workplace and in the room Headache Aeroion composition of the air in the work area, work mode Increased nervousness Electromagnetic field, color scheme of the room, work mode. Increased fatigue Electromagnetic field, work mode. Memory disorder Electromagnetic field, work mode. Sleep disturbance Work mode , electromagnetic fieldHair lossElectromagnetic field, operating mode.Pimples and redness of the skinElectrostatic field, aeroionic and dust composition of the air in the work area.Pain in the abdomenImproper seating caused by the incorrect design of the workplace.Pain in the lower backImproper seating of the user caused by the design of the workplace, operating mode.Pain in the wrists and fingers Incorrect configuration of the workplace, including the height of the table does not correspond to the height and height of the chair, uncomfortable keyboard, operating mode.

2.3 Mobile phone

pros

1)You can call anywhere at any time.

) Long distances no longer interfere with your communication.

) A mobile phone is compact and convenient, it is always with you.

) Modern mobile phones are multifunctional and, as a result, this makes our lives easier.

Minuses

1)Since the phone emits electromagnetic radiation and is located close to the human body, there is concern that this radiation may be harmful to health when using the device for a long time.

)There is an opinion that mobile phone may cause cancer. A ten-year experiment conducted by WHO specialists in 13 countries showed that active users of cellular communications suffer from carcinoma 50% more often than others.

)Minimum communication. You don’t have to travel anywhere, don’t visit anyone, but just call.

)Degradation of youth and society and in general

2.4 Transport

Today, cars have become very popular and occupy an important place in the life of every modern person. It’s hard to imagine modern life without a car; manufacturers are improving cars and supplying them with the latest technologies, creating new models and brands. Of course, the car and public transport greatly simplifies the life of a modern person. Now we can travel anywhere in the world, thanks to the development of transport. Not so long ago, we could not imagine traveling thousands of kilometers in a matter of hours. But nothing stands still - everything develops.

City, international and personal transport is certainly convenient and has many advantages:

)A car is a means of transportation that you don’t have to wait for, which always has free, convenient and comfortable seats, is warm in winter and cool in summer.

)Planes, trains, buses provide fast and comfortable travel around the world.

)Space transport - space exploration.

But let's not forget the consequences:

)Space transport - destruction of the Earth's ozone layer and debris in low-Earth orbit.

)Environmental pollution from exhaust gases. Not only the atmosphere suffers - waste from transport activities ends up in the water, cars increase noise pollution. As a consequence, environmental deterioration, which undoubtedly affects humanity, flora and fauna.

2.5 Nuclear power

Nuclear energy in nuclear power plants is used to generate heat used to generate electricity and heating. Nuclear power plants solved the problem of ships with an unlimited navigation area. In conditions of shortage of energy resources, nuclear energy is considered the most promising in the coming decades. The energy released during radioactive decay is used in long-lived heat sources. The fission energy of uranium or plutonium nuclei is used in nuclear and thermonuclear weapons (as a catalyst thermonuclear reaction). There were experimental nuclear rocket engines, but they were tested only on Earth and under controlled conditions, due to the danger of radioactive contamination in the event of an accident.

pros

1)Electricity requires a small amount of fuel to produce, so it is cheap.

)No emissions into the atmosphere.

)Easy to maintain and operate.

Minuses

1)Possibility of accidents at nuclear power plants.

2) The problem of nuclear waste disposal.

3) Promoting the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Conclusion

Pros and cons of scientific and technological progress:

Makes our life more comfortable.

Makes human work easier.

Increases information and mobility.

New areas of communication are emerging.

Leads to environmental degradation

Natural resources are being depleted

Humanity is becoming lazier and less mobile

NTP can be deadly ( different kinds radiation, man-made accidents).

Progress has not only a positive impact on a person, but also a negative one. I concluded that new technologies inevitably lead to new problems.

Today we are more vulnerable than a hundred years ago, when the Tunguska something arrived and so successfully missed. All the benefits of progress come from knowledge, but all man-made troubles and risks also come from knowledge. Thus, humanity cannot help but cognize - it has become a hostage to its knowledge.

“Do you think what makes a person great? By building a technocratic civilization, opening a window to the Universe, etc.? No! He is great because he survived all this and is trying to survive further” (Strugatsky).

Bibliography

Kholodov Yu.A., Lebedeva N.N. //Reaction nervous system person to the electromagnetic field. - M.: Nauka, 1992.

- Wikipedia. Progress

A. V. SEDLETSKY

INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS ON MODERN SOCIETY: REGIONAL ASPECT

Keywords: scientific and technological progress, acceleration of scientific and technological progress, post-industrial society, structural characteristics of society, technosphere, information Technology, anthropogenesis, technologization of life, cyborgization, cloning, biotechnology, posthuman world

Key words: scientific and technical progress, scientific and technical process acceleration, post-industrial society, society structural characteristics, technosphere, information technologies, anthropogenesis, life technification, cyborgisation, cloning, bio-technologies, post-human world

The history of human development is associated with the continuous process of people satisfying their needs and interests, which involves the creation and improvement of tools. The transition to technogenic development occurred thanks to the industrial revolution of the late 18th century. and the scientific and technological revolution of the mid-20th century. V. I. Glazko

POLUTIN Sergey Viktorovich, Head of the Department of Sociology of the National Research Mordovian state university, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor.

SEDLETSKY Alexander Viktorovich, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Practice of Management Financial University under the Government Russian Federation(Penza branch), Candidate of Sociological Sciences.

S. V. POLUTIN

and V.F. Cheshko note that “post-industrial science XXI V. - greatest achievement human intellect, capable of both leading humanity to new shining heights and destroying it. But how the course of events turns depends on the person, society, and not on science.”1 Scientific and technological progress has led to the fact that science and production began to develop in harmony. Technical devices help a person to conduct scientific research beyond the human senses. Science not only changed the sphere of production, but also influenced other areas of human activity2.

F. Fukuyama believes that the development of science and technology influences the structural characteristics of society3. For example, the Internet has contributed to the emergence of new social groups in society with their own subculture. Information technology systems are becoming an obligatory part of social reality. The Internet has changed not only the spatiotemporal characteristics of human life, but also human existence itself. E. Toffler formulated the problems of society that must be solved with the help of scientific and technological progress as follows: “Will we be able to create a person with a stomach like a cow’s, digesting grass and hay, as a result of which the solution to the food problem will be easier, since a person will switch to consumption lower links in the food chain? Will we be able to biologically modify workers to match the demands of the job, such as pilots with exponentially faster reaction times or assembly line workers with nervous systems adapted to perform repetitive tasks? Will we try to destroy the “inferior” peoples and create a “super race”? Will we clone soldiers to fight for us? Will we use genetic prediction to prevent the birth of a nonviable baby? Will we grow replacement organs for ourselves? Will each of us have, so to speak, a “salvation bank” full of spare kidneys, livers and lungs?

Having created the most powerful technology, man changed the rhythm and course of his life5. The progress of innovation has led to the emergence of the technosphere, which is needed

society to create comfortable conditions existence in environment. A person influences self-development and self-regulation of the technosphere6. The technosphere, on the one hand, protects people from unfavorable conditions external environment, on the other hand, contributes to the strengthening of the environmental crisis. Some researchers believe that the natural world will become artificial in the future. A person needs to preserve himself in a new extra-natural environment7.

Society is becoming more and more dependent on technology. Technology adapts to society, not to nature. The introduction of advanced technology requires fundamental changes in the qualifications and personality of the employee. Specialization increases the number of different professions. At the same time, technological innovations reduce the “lifetime” of any profession.

Technological progress makes many things more accessible to people and at the same time reduces their value. According to E. Toffler, “a person’s relationship with things is becoming increasingly temporary. Such a different approach expresses the main difference between the past and the future, between a society based on permanence and a new, rapidly emerging society based on fragility.”8

Technical devices make the worker’s work easier, but virtual reality created by computers changes communication between people and replaces natural communication with artificial one. Long-term connections give way to short-term ones. The new information space created by the Internet led to the emergence of cyberculture and changed the sphere of communication of society. A person gradually loses his individuality, loses control over himself. M. M. Kuznetsov believes that a person ceases to distinguish the real world from the one constructed by computer programs, and severe pressure from the media leads to the atrophy of a person’s perception of the world and his ability to independently use his own mind9.

Modern scientific developments use information technology. With the advent of artificial intelligence, human cognitive functions are transferred to computers, which gradually replaces the living creative mind with a computer one. Rational machine solutions

began to differ significantly from humane, intuitive and emotional decisions of a person. A.I. Rakitov believes that anthropogenesis is influenced by the technologization of life, and comes to the conclusion that the era of cyborgization has arrived. New technologies, especially artificial intelligence technologies, contribute to a radical increase in the intellectual and physical capabilities of society. Cyborgization, i.e. the use of artificial organs, is gaining momentum. In the near future, it threatens to become one of the most important life extension technologies10.

Research is being conducted aimed at developing self-regulating artificial intelligence systems. Its development may ultimately lead to the fact that computers, rather than humans, will control decision-making. Prerequisites are emerging for the creation of an increasingly sophisticated computer “nervous system” and a central “brain” that controls the machines.

According to Moore's law, parameters such as element density and microprocessor speed double every 18 months. Software that will completely simulate human thinking, will likely appear in the next decade. V. Pride believes that what will follow next will be a fully functional merging of human and machine intelligence11.

Society demonstrates humanism by preserving health and prolonging people's lives with the help of medicine. However, this disrupts the process of natural selection. Around the end of the 19th century. A trend toward an increase in life expectancy at birth has emerged and is already stable. It manifested itself especially clearly in the developed countries of Europe, the USA, Japan and China. Thus, according to the UN, on average in Europe from 1950 to 2005, life expectancy increased by more than 8 years: from 65.6 to 73.7 years.

There is not only an increase in the proportion of the elderly population in the age structure of society, but also a process of “population rejuvenation”. Thanks to the development of medicine, the population of developed countries remains healthy and young longer appearance, which leaves an imprint on many processes of psychological, cultural, social nature. Let us not forget that the real goal of scientists is

dealing with the issues of overcoming aging - not just increasing life expectancy, but extending the lifespan healthy life and youth. The time will come when society, due to unfavorable ecological environment will change significantly, and the life of society will be artificially supported by medical devices and medicines12. Many hereditary diseases are caused by gene mutations. In this regard, medicine began to use technologies aimed at improving the human gene pool and capable of influencing demographic processes, the health of the population, its mental and other abilities and, as a consequence, any processes in the functioning of civilization.

Cloning also opens up new opportunities for “replication” of the most successful individuals from a genetic point of view. Despite the fact that cloning of humans and primates is impossible with the existing technology developed for other mammals, sooner or later it will appear. The combination of this method with genetic engineering in the near future will make it possible to create people with certain qualities. Systematic work to improve the species will help maintain the optimal size of the new population.

But there are not only technical difficulties here, but also ideological, cultural and religious attitudes. L. Petrucci, who first began to grow embryos in laboratory capsules, stopped his experiments under pressure from the Vatican. Today, the Vatican is again calling for an end to human cloning research, and the US federal government is freezing funding for this research.

The abilities of the human body are developed and improved due to advances in medicine and biotechnology. Bioinnovative direction scientific research will subsequently lead to genetic modification of humans. From genetically modified bacteria, plants and animals, you can move on to artificially created biological systems and complex artificial organisms14.

When studying the human genome, prerequisites appear for the possible treatment of many diseases. Negative consequence such studies is a loss of control over the negative results of intervention in change-

human development at the genetic level. The most serious threat posed by modern biotechnology is the possibility of changing human nature (the transition to the “post-human” phase of history).

There may be products of biotechnology that are equally obvious in the dangers they pose to humanity, such as new viruses or genetically modified foods. Like nuclear weapons or nanotechnology, they are the easiest to deal with, because in the future they can be regarded as a direct threat. In many cases, biotechnology involves side effects: prolongation of life, but with a decrease in mental abilities; drug therapy that blurs the line between what we achieve ourselves and what we achieve with the help of brain chemicals15.

F. Fukuyama points out that biotechnology in the future can transform the life of society based on three scenarios. The first involves the use of new drugs that can change people's temperament. He believes that it is possible to improve people's emotions, sensations and feelings. The second is based on advances in stem cell research, which make it possible to regenerate any body tissue and significantly increase human life expectancy. In the third scenario, rich people test embryos in a certain way before implantation and, in accordance with this, have optimal children for themselves16. One of the consequences of the development of biotechnology is modification social structure on the basis of intellectual development. Thus, based on access to changing the genetic properties of a person, the formation of both a “higher” and a “lower” class is possible17.

Purposeful highlighting of specific qualities of people, according to F. Fukuyama, can change the essence of a person. He believes that one of the main driving forces The historical process has been and remains the development of science and technology. It determines the horizons of the productive capabilities of the economy and the structural characteristics of society. For example, development Agriculture led to the emergence of huge hierarchical societies, in which it became much easier to introduce slavery than in the era of hunting

and gathering. E. Whitney invented the cotton gin, and early XIX V. Cotton became the main cash crop of the American South, which led to the “reanimation” of the institution of slavery there.

Development modern science had an impact on all societies where it occurred. Technology provides a military advantage to a country. Biotechnology and a deeper scientific understanding of the human brain will have significant social consequences: they rediscover the possibilities of social engineering, which societies that possessed twentieth-century technologies abandoned.18

Modern sociology has developed several methods for analyzing the structure of mentalities, which include content analysis - a study of the frequency of occurrence of stable lexical constructions. V. I. Glazko and V. F. Cheshko applied it to the Internet. The first part of the study concerned English-language Internet sources. New technologies and social problems in the development of genetics attract the greatest public attention.

Among social problems Genetics highlights the relationship between genetics and gene technologies with religious and ethical teachings. The issues of human rights and possible discrimination associated with obtaining information about the genetic constitution of an individual received the greatest resonance. The influence of genetic theories and technologies created on their basis causes more anxiety than positive emotions in terms of potential benefits19. Probably this fact reflects the general decline in the prestige of science in the eyes of modern people, who pay attention to the negative aspects of scientific and technological progress (in contrast to the public consciousness of the second half of the 19th century V.).

When studying Russian-language sites, the Rambler search engine was used, with the help of which the topics of the sites were analyzed. The frequency of occurrence of the brand “dangerous knowledge” and its lexical association with various areas of natural science were identified. Research results show that genetics and gene technologies are not currently associated with a high degree of risk in the CIS. Number of sites in which an association with the danger generated by scientific knowledge for these

terms, is significantly inferior to physics and chemistry. This also applies to the cloning of humans and higher animals. The noted patterns are determined by two factors - the dominance of physical and chemical technologies over biological and the lag in the pace of evolution of mentality from technological progress.

The greatest concern in society is the potential threat of genetic technologies to individual health, environmental and socio-political stability and security. What genetics and gene technology relate to, in terms of common man, to potentially dangerous things, is diagnosed quite clearly. In addition, two more features of the modern perception of the social aspects of genetics can be traced: the threat of using the achievements of this science to overcome the “inconsistency of available human material with the requirements modern technology and conditions of business activity" and "the production of people of predetermined types on a mass scale"; the need for “moral self-restraint of scientists and specialists who work in areas of knowledge that are potentially dangerous to humanity”20.

Forecasting social development is the subject of research by many scientists. F. Fukuyama notes that the posthuman world may turn out to be much more hierarchical and competitive than ours today. This could be a world where any concept of “universal humanity” will be lost, because we will mix human genes with the genes of so many species that we will no longer clearly understand who a person is21.

Thus, management innovation activities will be rational when it is associated not with the extraction of immediate economic benefits, but with the development and improvement of social paradigms. Society must take responsibility for the consequences of technological progress in the name of man's constant desire for goodness, freedom and justice.

NOTES

1 Glazko V.I., Cheshko V.F. “Dangerous knowledge” in the “risk society” (age of genetics and biotechnology). Kharkov: Publishing House "INZHEK", 2007. P. 16.

2 See: Stepin B.S., Gorokhov V.G., Rozov M.A. Philosophy of science and technology: textbook. manual for universities. M., 1996. 400 p.

3 See: Fukuyama F. Our posthuman future: consequences of the biotechnological revolution. M., 2004. 349 p.

4 Toffler E. The Third Wave. M.: ACT, 1999. pp. 249-250.

5 See: Him. Future shock / trans. from English M.: ACT, 2002. P. 6.

in See: Gorokhov V.G. Scientific and technological progress // Globalistics: encyclical. M., 2003. P. 664.

7 See: Kutyrev V.A. Natural and artificial: the struggle of worlds. N. Novgorod, 1994. pp. 3-5.

8 Toffler E. Future shock... P. 125.

9 See: Kuznetsov M.M. Cyberculture // Globalistics: encyclical. M., 2003. pp. 435-437.

10 See: New technologies and the continuation of human evolution: a transhumanist project of the future / resp. ed. V. Pride, A.V. Korotaev. M.: Publishing house LKI, 2008. 320 p.

11 Ibid. pp. 85-87.

13 Ibid. P. 139.

14 Ibid. pp. 66-67.

15 See: Fukuyama F. Our posthuman future... P. 19-20.

17 Ibid. P. 31.

18 Ibid. P. 29.

19 See: Glazko V.I., Cheshko V.F. “Dangerous knowledge” in the “risk society” ... 544 p.

The influence of technological progress on humans. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people. Education and employment

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