Spring drawing. Standard images of spring drawings. Unified system of design documentation

Or wire products are not difficult, but it is worth considering that you have a drawing of the spring that you need, because it is the drawing of the spring that guarantees that you will receive exactly the product that you expect to receive.

The drawings show all the technical parameters of the spring:

Geometric dimensions with tolerances
- Power chart indicators
- Availability of trimming (grinding of support turns)
- Number of turns total and working
- Availability and type of galvanic coating
- Steel grade
- Voltages
- Heat treatment conditions
- Length of the deployed spring
- Winding direction
- Marking methods
- Packaging methods
- Accurate spring weight
- Additional technical. conditions

Our company offers services for the design and drawing up of springs that work in compression, tension, torsion, wire products, disc springs, shaped wire products and tapes.

Our technical department specialists will prepare drawings in accordance with all GOSTs and accepted standards.

All you need is the following basic information:

Spring type
- Geometric dimensions of the spring or seat in the assembly where it will work
- Approximate cycle and loads
- Conditions under which the spring will work ( temperature regime, humidity, environmental aggressiveness, etc.)
- Requests for the decorative properties of the product

The average cost of this service: from 1000 to 3000 rubles.
Subject to the placement of further production of the product at our plant, the drawing is designed free of charge and provided upon request (after payment of the invoice).

Compression spring drawings provide all the necessary information for manufacturing, below is an example of what a compression spring drawing should look like. Springs of this type are widely used in the automotive industry, mechanical engineering and other industrial sectors.

The drawing of an extension spring displays information and all parameters for manufacturing; below is an example of a drawing for an extension spring. These springs are often used in instrument making, aircraft manufacturing and other industries.

The drawing of a torsion spring displays the general appearance of the spring, geometric dimensions, tolerances, and process conditions; below is an example of a drawing of a torsion spring. This type of springs is used in the agricultural industry, agricultural machinery, and military equipment.

Drawings of wire products are individual and are designed based on the requirements of the assembly in which they will be installed; an example of a drawing of a wire product is given below. This type products are used in all areas of industry and mechanical engineering.

If you have any questions, you can ask our consultants online (lower right corner of the site) or call us - .

IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS

Moscow

INFORMATION DATA

1 . DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR

DEVELOPERS

Ya. G. Starozhilets, Yu. I. Stepanov, V. R. Verchenko, N. T. Bashkirova, R. F. Ryazanov

2 . APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 06/05/68 No. 835

Change No. 4 Adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 12-97 of November 21, 1997)

3 . The standard fully complies with ST SEV 285-76, ST SEV 1185-78 and the ISO 2162 standard regarding the image of springs

4 . INSTEAD GOST 3461-59 and GOST 4444-60

5 . Reissue (October 1998) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in February 1980, March 1981, July 1990, May 1998 (IUS 4-80, 6-81, 11 -90, 9-98)

INTERSTATE STANDARD

The standard corresponds to ST SEV 285-76 and ST SEV 1185-78.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1. CONVENTIONAL IMAGES OF SPRINGS ON ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

1.1. When drawing a type of helical cylindrical or conical spring, the coils are depicted with straight lines connecting the corresponding sections of the contours.

In section, the turns are depicted as straight lines connecting the sections (table, paragraphs 1 - 12). It is allowed to depict only sections of turns in a section.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

1.2. When drawing a helical spring with more than four turns, 1-2 turns are shown at each end of the spring, except for the support ones. The remaining turns are not depicted, but axial lines are drawn through the centers of the turns' sections along the entire length of the spring (table, paragraphs 1 - 6 and 8 - 11).

1.3. Springs in the drawings are shown with right-hand winding. If the directions of the end moments are specified, it is allowed to depict springs with the required winding direction.

1.4. When drawing a package of disc springs with the number of springs more than four, 2 - 3 springs are depicted at each end, and the outline of the conditionally unshown part of the package is drawn with solid thin lines (table, paragraph 16).

1.5. If the diameters of the wire and cable or the thickness of the material section in the drawing are 2 mm or less, then the spring is depicted with lines 0.6 - 1.5 mm thick (table, paragraphs 1 - 18); a multilayer leaf spring of the spring type is depicted along the outer contour of the package (table, paragraph 19).

2. EXECUTION OF WORKING DRAWINGS OF SPRINGS

2.1. Helical compression and extension springs should be shown with the winding direction to the right. The left winding direction must be specified in the technical requirements.

Torsion springs must be shown with the required winding direction.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.2. On the working drawing of a spring with controlled force parameters, a test diagram is placed, which shows the dependence of load on deformation or deformation on load. If the specified parameter is length (height) or deformation (linear or angular), then indicate the maximum deviations of the load - force or moment (Fig. 1 - 3, 5 - 18). If the specified parameter is a load, then indicate the maximum deviations of length (height) or deformation (Fig. 4).

The test diagram for tension springs with interturn pressure indicates the magnitude of the prestress force F 0(Fig. 10).

If to characterize a spring it is sufficient to specify only one initial and dependent parameter (for example, F 2 And S 2; j 2 and M 2), then it is permissible not to show the diagram in the drawing, but to indicate these parameters in the technical requirements.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.3. For a spiral flat spring with controlled force parameters, in addition to the diagram, the drawing includes a diagram of the spring fastening indicating the dimensions of the shaft and drum (Fig. 15).

2.4. For a package of disc springs with controlled power parameters, the drawing shows, in addition to the diagram, a diagram of the arrangement of the springs in the package.

If the mechanism uses one disc spring with controlled force parameters, then the diagram can be given for one spring.

2.5. For a leaf spring with controlled force parameters, in addition to the diagram, the drawing shows a diagram of the spring fastening and indicates the dimensions from the point of application of the load to the place of fastening (Fig. 18).

2.6. If two loads are controlled on a spring, then the maximum deviations of the length (height) of the spring are not set (Fig. 2, 3, 5 - 8, 11).

2.7. The drawing of the spring indicates the diameter of the spring (external or internal) with maximum deviations. Based on the operating conditions of the spring, the technical requirements may include instructions on control either on the rod D s, or by sleeve D r, while the maximum deviations of the spring diameter are not indicated (Fig. 1 - 11).

2.8. In the drawing, if necessary, indicate the magnitude of the force as reference dimensions F 3, moment M 3, spring deformation axial s 3 and angular j 3 , spring length at maximum load l 3, maximum value height of the disc spring package L 3 or maximum deformation value of the disc spring package s n 3, angle between hooks a 3 , number of revolutions of the coil spring drum y 3 , spring pitch t, shear modulus G, elastic modulus E, maximum torsional stress t 3 and when bending s 3 .

In the drawing of a spring with a standardized coil, the values ​​of the values ​​are G, E, t 3, s 3, may not be indicated, while the technical requirements of the drawing must contain a reference to a standardized coil according to the relevant standard.”

2.9. The range of spring material that fully determines the dimensions and maximum deviations cross section, indicated in the “Material” column of the main inscription of the drawing.

When it is necessary to take into account changes in the shape and dimensions of the section, the drawing shows the shape and dimensions of the section of the coil of the finished spring (Fig. 5 - 7) and the size of the thickness of the disc spring (Fig. 16, 17).

2.10. In the drawing of the spring, it is recommended that the main technical requirements be given in the following sequence with entries by type:

t 3 * = ... MPa

E* = ... MPa

s 3 * = ... MPa

Spring with coil, position number according to GOST...

Spring winding direction...

The direction of lay of the cable...

Number of cores in the cable...

n = ...

n 1 = ...

D r = ... mm

D c= ... mm

Other technical requirements...

The hardness value is indicated, if necessary, only on the drawing of the spring, which is subjected to heat treatment (hardening and tempering) after winding. It is allowed to summarize technical requirements in a table.

* Dimensions and parameters for reference.

2.11. The following conventions are established for the spring parameters:

length (height) of the spring in a free state - l 0;

height of the disc spring package in the free state - L o;

length of the tension and torsion spring in a free state without snags - l? 0 ;

length (height) of the spring under load - l 1, l 2, l 3;

height of the disc spring package under load - L 1, L 2, L 3;

deformation (deflection) of the spring axial - s 1, s2, s 3 ;

deformation of the disc spring package - snl, s n 2 ,sn 3 ;

angular spring deformation - j 1, j 2, j 3;

maximum deformation of one spring coil s? 3 ;

diameter of wire or rod - d;

cable diameter - d 1;

spring outer diameter - D 1;

spring inner diameter - D 2 ;

average spring diameter - D;

small outer conical spring diameter - D? 1 ;

diameter of the control rod - D c;

diameter of the control sleeve - D r;

length of the deployed spring - l;

free length of the leaf spring - L;

the gap between the end of the reference turn and the adjacent working turn - ? ;

moment of power - M 1, M 2, M 3;

shear stress during torsion - t 1, t 2, t 3;

normal bending stress - s 1, s 2, s 3;

spring force - F 1, F 2, F 3;

prestress force - F o;

force of disc spring pack - F n1, Fn 2 , Fn 3 ;

thickness (height) of the section - s;

thickness of the end of the support turn - sTo;

the angle between the torsion spring hooks in the free state - ? O;

angle between the torsion spring hooks under load - a 1, a 2, a 3;

the number of working turns or the number of disc springs in the package - n;

the total number of turns or the number of turns of the spiral spring in a free state - n 1;

coil spring drum speed y 1, y 2, y 3;

spring pitch - t;

cable pitch - t 1;

working stroke of the spring - h;

section width - IN;

width of the supporting plane of the disc spring - b.

Note. Parameter designations l, s, j, M, ? , ? , F, a, ? with index 1 are used to indicate values ​​corresponding to preliminary deformation, with index 2 - working deformation and with index 3 - maximum deformation of the spring.

2.12. Examples of images of springs on working drawings are shown in Fig. 1 - 18. When making working drawings of springs letter designations dimensions in the image are replaced with numerical values.

Round wire compression spring with unpressed and unground support coils

Compression spring with 3/4 turns preloaded at each end and support surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Compression spring with pre-finished billet ends

Compression spring with one coil pressed at each end and support surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Compression spring with a rectangular coil section with 3/4 coils pressed at each end and supporting surfaces ground to 3/4 circles

Three-core compression spring with 3/4 turns preloaded at each end

GOST 2.401-68

Group T52

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of design documentation

RULES FOR EXECUTION OF DRAWINGS OF SPRINGS

Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making drawings of springs

Date of introduction 1971-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR

DEVELOPERS

Y.G.Starozhilets, Y.I.Stepanov, V.R.Verchenko, N.T.Bashkirova, R.F.Ryazanov

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 06/05/68 N 835

Change No. 4 Adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 12-97 of November 21, 1997)

Voted for acceptance

3. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 285-76, ST SEV 1185-78 and the ISO 2162 standard regarding the image of springs

4. INSTEAD OF GOST 3461-59 and GOST 4444-60

5. EDITION (March 2002) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in February 1980, March 1981, July 1990, May 1998 (IUS 4-80, 6-81 , 11-90, 9-98)


This standard establishes conventional images and rules for drawing drawings of springs in all industries.

The standard corresponds to ST SEV 285-76 and ST SEV 1185-78.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1. CONVENTIONAL IMAGES OF SPRINGS ON ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

1.1. When drawing a type of helical cylindrical or conical spring, the coils are depicted with straight lines connecting the corresponding sections of the contours.

In section, the turns are depicted as straight lines connecting the sections (table, paragraphs 1-12). It is allowed to depict only sections of turns in a section.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

1.2. When drawing a helical spring with a number of turns of more than four, 1-2 turns are shown at each end of the spring, except for the support ones. The remaining turns are not depicted, but axial lines are drawn through the centers of the turns' sections along the entire length of the spring (table, paragraphs 1-6 and 8-11).

1.3. Springs in the drawings are shown with right-hand winding. If the directions of the end moments are specified, it is allowed to depict springs with the required winding direction.

1.4. When drawing a package of disc springs with the number of springs more than four, 2-3 springs are depicted at each end, and the outline of the conditionally not shown part of the package is drawn with solid thin lines (table, paragraph 16).

1.5. If the diameters of the wire and cable or the thickness of the material section in the drawing are 2 mm or less, then the spring is depicted with lines 0.6-1.5 mm thick (table, paragraphs 1-18); a multilayer leaf spring of the spring type is depicted along the outer contour of the package (table, item 19).

2. EXECUTION OF WORKING DRAWINGS OF SPRINGS

2.1. Helical compression and extension springs should be shown with the winding direction to the right. The left winding direction must be specified in the technical requirements.

Torsion springs must be shown with the required winding direction.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.2. On the working drawing of a spring with controlled force parameters, a test diagram is placed, which shows the dependence of load on deformation or deformation on load. If the specified parameter is length (height) or deformation (linear or angular), then indicate the maximum deviations of the load - force or moment (Fig. 1-3, 5-18). If the specified parameter is a load, then indicate the maximum deviations of length (height) or deformation (Fig. 4).

The test diagram for tension springs with interturn pressure indicates the magnitude of the prestress force (Fig. 10).

If to characterize a spring it is enough to specify only one initial and dependent parameter (for example, and ; and ), then it is permissible not to show the diagram in the drawing, but to indicate these parameters in the technical requirements.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.3. For a spiral flat spring with controlled force parameters, in addition to the diagram, the drawing includes a diagram of the spring fastening indicating the dimensions of the shaft and drum (Fig. 15).

2.4. For a package of disc springs with controlled power parameters, the drawing shows, in addition to the diagram, a diagram of the arrangement of the springs in the package.

If the mechanism uses one disc spring with controlled force parameters, then the diagram can be given for one spring.

2.5. For a leaf spring with controlled force parameters, in addition to the diagram, the drawing shows a diagram of the spring fastening and indicates the dimensions from the point of application of the load to the place of fastening (Fig. 18).

2.6. If two loads are controlled on a spring, then the maximum deviations of the length (height) of the spring are not set (Fig. 2, 3, 5-8, 11).

2.7. The drawing of the spring indicates the diameter of the spring (external or internal) with maximum deviations. Based on the operating conditions of the spring, the technical requirements may include instructions on control either on the rod or on the sleeve, while the maximum deviations of the spring diameter are not indicated (Fig. 1-11).

2.8. In the drawing, if necessary, indicate as reference dimensions the magnitude of the force, moment, axial and angular deformation of the spring, the length of the spring at maximum load, the maximum value of the height of the disk spring package or the maximum value of the deformation of the disk spring package, the angle between the hooks, the number of revolutions of the spiral spring drum , spring pitch, shear modulus, elastic modulus, maximum torsional and bending stress.

In the drawing of a spring with a standardized coil, the values ​​of the quantities may not be indicated; however, the technical requirements of the drawing must contain a reference to the standardized coil according to the corresponding standard.

2.9. The range of spring material, which completely determines the dimensions and maximum deviations of the cross section, is indicated in the “Material” column of the main inscription of the drawing.

When it is necessary to take into account a change in the shape and dimensions of the section, the drawing shows the shape and cross-sectional dimensions of the coil of the finished spring (Fig. 5-7) and the size of the thickness of the disc spring (Fig. 16, 17).

2.10. In the drawing of the spring, it is recommended that the main technical requirements be given in the following sequence with entries by type:

= ... MPa

= ... MPa

= ...MPa

= ... MPa
_________________
* Dimensions and parameters for reference.


Spring with coil, position number according to GOST...

Spring winding direction...

The direction of lay of the cable...

Number of cores in the cable...

= ...

= ...

...

= ... mm

= ... mm

Other technical requirements...

The hardness value is indicated, if necessary, only on the drawing of the spring, which is subjected to heat treatment (hardening and tempering) after winding.

It is allowed to summarize technical requirements in a table.

2.11. The following conventions are established for the spring parameters:

length (height) of the spring in a free state - ;

height of the disc spring package in the free state - ;

length of the tension and torsion spring in a free state without hooks - ;

length (height) of the spring under load - ;

height of the disc spring package under load - ;

deformation (deflection) of the spring axial - ;

deformation of the disc spring package - ;

spring deformation angular - ;

maximum deformation of one coil of the spring;

diameter of wire or rod - ;

cable diameter - ;

spring outer diameter - ;

internal spring diameter - ;

average spring diameter - ;

small outer conical spring diameter - ;

diameter of the control rod - ;

diameter of the control sleeve - ,

length of the deployed spring - ;

free length of the leaf spring - ;

the gap between the end of the support turn and the adjacent working turn -;

moment of power - ;

shear stress during torsion - ;

normal bending stress - ;

spring force - ;

prestress force - ;

force of the disc spring package - ;

thickness (height) of the section - ;

thickness of the end of the support turn - ;

the angle between the torsion spring hooks in the free state - ;

the angle between the torsion spring hooks under load - ;

the number of working turns or the number of disc springs in the package -;

the total number of turns or the number of turns of a spiral spring in a free state -;

number of revolutions of the coil spring drum;

spring pitch - ;

cable pitch - ;

working stroke of the spring - ;

section width - ;

width of the supporting plane of the disc spring - .

Note. Parameter designations with index 1 are used to indicate values ​​corresponding to preliminary deformation, with index 2 - working deformation and with index 3 - maximum deformation of the spring.

2.12. Examples of images of springs on working drawings are shown in Fig. 1-18. When making working drawings of springs, the letter designations of dimensions in the image are replaced with numerical values.

Damn.1. Round wire compression spring with unpressed and unground support coils

Round wire compression spring with unpressed and unground support coils

Damn.2. Compression spring with 3/4 turns pressed at each end and support surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Compression spring with preloaded

Damn.2

Damn.3. Compression spring with pre-finished billet ends

Compression spring with pre-finished billet ends

Damn.4. Compression spring with one coil pressed at each end and supporting surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Compression spring with one coil pre-loaded at each end and ground tocircles with supporting surfaces

Damn.5. Compression spring with a rectangular coil section with 3/4 coils pressed at each end and supporting surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Compression spring with a rectangular coil section with preloadedturns at each end and ground tocircles with supporting surfaces

Damn.6. Three-core compression spring with 3/4 turns preloaded at each end

Three-core compression spring with preloadeda turn at each end

Damn.6

Damn.7. Conical compression spring made of round wire with 3/4 turns pressed at each end and supporting surfaces ground around the circumference

Conical compression spring made of round wire with pre-tensionedturns at each end and ground tocircles with supporting surfaces

Damn.7

Damn.8. Conical (telescopic) compression spring made from a rectangular cross-section with support surfaces ground 3/4 of the circle

Conical (telescopic) compression spring made from a rectangular cross-section with ground surfacescircles with supporting surfaces

Damn.8

Damn.9. Tension spring made of round wire with hooks open on one side and located in the same plane

Tension spring made of round wire with hooks open on one side and located in the same plane

Damn.9

Damn 10. Tension spring with interturn pressure made of round wire with hooks open on opposite sides and located in the same plane

Tension spring with interturn pressure made of round wire with hooks open on opposite sides and located in the same plane

Damn.10

Damn 11. Tension spring made of round wire with hooks located at an angle of 90°

Tension spring made of round wire with hooks located at an angle of 90°

Damn.11

Damn.12. Torsion spring made of round wire with straight ends located at an angle of 90°

Torsion spring made of round wire with straight ends located at an angle of 90°

Damn.12

Damn 13. Torsion spring with straight ends located along the axis of the spring

Torsion spring with straight ends located along the axis of the spring

Damn.14. Spiral spring made from a rectangular blank with bent hooks

Spiral spring made from a rectangular blank with bent hooks

Damn 15. Flat spiral spring made of rectangular cross-section with mounting on the shaft and to the drum

Flat spiral spring made of rectangular cross-section with mounting on the shaft and to the drum

Damn.15

Damn.16. Belleville spring with inclined edges

Belleville spring with inclined edges

Damn 17. Belleville spring with straight edges

P Bell spring with straight edges

Damn.17

Damn.18. Leaf bending spring

Leaf bending spring

Damn.18

2.13. Examples of constructing support turns are shown in Fig. 19-23.

Damn 19. End coil of compression spring, fully preloaded, unpolished

End coil of compression spring, fully preloaded, unpolished

Damn.20. The outer coil of the compression spring, fully compressed, ground to 3/4 of the arc of the circle

The outermost coil of the compression spring, fully preloaded, ground toarcs of a circle

Damn 21. The outer coil of the compression spring, pressed 3/4 and ground 3/4 of the arc of the circle...

and sanded toarcs of a circle

Damn.21

Damn 22. The outer coil of the compression spring, pressed 1/2 and ground 1/2 of the arc of a circle...

The outermost coil of the compression spring, pressed toand sanded toarcs of a circle,

Damn 23. The outermost coil of the compression spring, pressed 3/4 of the arc of a circle and unpolished...

The outermost coil of the compression spring, pressed tocircular arcs and unpolished

Damn.23

2.6-2.13. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002

9.2.8. Drawings of springs and elastic parts

Typical springs are shown in Figure 9.20. In drawings of springs, conventional images are used, for example, when depicting helical (cylindrical and conical) springs on a plane parallel to the axis of the spring, the projections of helical lines are replaced by straight lines.

Working drawings of springs must be made in accordance with the requirements of the standards Unified system design documentation.

Images of helical springs on working drawings are placed horizontally. Springs are shown only with right-hand winding. The winding direction is indicated in the technical requirements.

Figure 9.20 - Springs

On the working drawing of a spring with controlled force parameters, a test diagram is placed, which shows the dependence of load on deformation or deformation on load.

If the specified parameter is height or deformation (linear or angular), then the maximum deviations of the load - force or moment - are indicated. If the specified parameter is a load, then the maximum deviations of height or deformation are indicated. For a tension spring with interturn pressure, the diagram indicates the magnitude of the force P H. If to characterize a spring it is sufficient to specify only one initial parameter dependent on it (for example, P2 And F 2, φ 2 And M 2), then it is permissible not to show the diagram in the drawing, but to indicate these parameters in the technical requirements.

If two loads are controlled on a spring, then maximum deviations of the height (length) of the spring are not set. If only one load is controlled or a diagram is not shown in the drawing, then the maximum deviation of the height (length) of the spring in the free state is indicated.

When limiting the dimensions only by the inner or outer diameters of the helical spring, the drawing indicates one of the control requirements for the rod or sleeve ( D c or D r). Force values ​​are indicated in the drawing as reference values P 3, moment M 3, axial spring deformation F 3 and corner φ 3, angle between the spring hooks α 3, number of revolutions of the coil spring drum ψ 3, spring height under load H 3, shear modulus G, elastic modulus E, maximum torsional stress τ 3 and when bending σ 3.

In the drawing of a spring of a standardized design, the values ​​of the quantities are G, E, τ 3, σ 3 may not be specified, but the technical requirements of the drawing must provide a reference to the standardized spring.

The hardness value is indicated, if necessary, only on the drawing of the spring, which is subjected to heat treatment after winding.

The range of spring material, which completely determines the dimensions and maximum deviations of the cross section, is indicated in the “material” column of the main inscription of the drawing.

When it is necessary to take into account changes in the shape and dimensions of the section, the drawing shows the shape and dimensions of the section of the coil of the finished spring. In the drawing of the spring, it is recommended to list the main technical requirements in the following sequence with entries by type:

G = . . . kgf/mm 2

E = . . . kgf/mm 2

τ 3 = . . . kgf/mm 2

σ 3 = . . . kgf/mm 2

Spring . . . GOST . . .

Spring winding direction . . .

Direction of cable lay . . .

i= . . .

n = . . .

n 1 = . . .

H.R.C. . . .

D r = . . . mm

D c = . . . mm

• Dimensions for reference
• Help Options

Figure 9.21 shows an example of a compression spring drawing.

Figure 9.21 - Working drawing of a compression spring

Depending on the nature of the work, helical springs are divided into compression springs (Fig. 554, a), tension (Fig. 554, b) and torsion (Fig. 554, c), and depending on the shape - cylindrical (Fig. 554, d ) and conical (Fig. 554, d).

Springs are made from high-carbon steel of the following grades: St. 7, 50Г, 60Г, 55С, etc. When designing, you must not allow the helical compression spring to fit tightly on the sides to the surrounding surfaces of the part, since when the spring is compressed, its diameter increases slightly, which may result in “seizing” of the spring. In mechanical engineering drawings, the representation of springs should be simplified in accordance with GOST 3461 - 59. The contour of the coils of helical springs should be drawn in straight lines (Fig. 555, a - d).

If the coil spring is drawn separately, then it is preferable to depict its longitudinal section along the axis (Fig. 555, a - b, f - h). If a coil spring has more than four turns, then it is recommended to depict one or two turns at both ends of the spring (not counting the support ones), while the middle part of the spring is depicted with a dash-dotted line passing through the centers of the sections of the turns (Fig. 555, a, c, d , d, h). For compression springs, the working coils are the coils that have the full cross-section of the wire; the outermost turns of the lower and upper parts of the spring are specially compressed and ground down in order to obtain flat supporting surfaces. The length L of the deployed cylindrical spring can be determined by the formula:

Where:
D - Outer diameter.
D 1 - Inner diameter.
D 2 - Average diameter.
p 1 - The number of turns is complete.
t - Spring pitch (ph. 555, a).

For a rough, approximate calculation of the length L of the deployed spring, you can use the formula L = n 1 πD 2 (i.e., the length of the wire is full number turns multiplied by the length of the average circumference of the spring). If the diameter or thickness of the coil section in the drawing is equal to or less than 2 mm, then the images of the coil sections should be blackened (Fig. 555, e - h). For a spiral spring, only the initial and final turns should be depicted, continued by thick dash-dotted lines (Fig. 556, a).

In assembly drawings, multilayer leaf springs of the spring type should be depicted along the outer contour of the spring package (Fig. 556, b). Conical springs of non-circular cross-section should be drawn as shown in Fig. 556, v. In fig. 557, a - e shows an image of springs in assembly drawings. When depicting springs on an assembly drawing, you should adhere to the rules listed below. It is permissible to limit oneself to drawing sections of the coils of a helical spring (Fig. 557, b and c), without connecting them with straight lines.

It is recommended to draw helical springs, the cross-section of which is less than 2 mm, with a thick line (Fig. 557, d). The spiral spring assembly (Fig. 558, example 4) should be drawn according to the instructions given for Fig. 556, a. A thin leaf spring with a plate thickness of 2 mm or less is depicted as a thick solid line (Fig. 557, d). Belleville springs should be drawn as shown in Fig. 557, e. When preparing working drawings of springs, you must adhere to the following instructions:
a) a table of parameters is placed in the upper right corner of the drawing;
b) instead of the outer diameter D, it is allowed to indicate the inner diameter D 1 on the drawings of helical springs
c) the choice of initial and controlled parameters for force tests indicated on the diagram is established by the design organization; for non-critical springs, indications of parameters for force tests, and therefore diagrams, are optional;
d) to indicate the parameters, the following notations are used: height (length) of the spring in the free state - H 0 . The height (length) of the spring under load is H 1, H 2, H 3. Axial load of the spring - P 1, P 2, P 3. Linear deformation of the spring - F 1 F 2, F 3.
angular deformation of the spring - φ 1, φ 2, φ 3; torque - M 1, M 2, M 3. Parameter designations with index 1 are used to indicate values ​​corresponding to the smallest (preliminary) load, with index 2 - for the highest working load, and with index 3 - for the highest test load.