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Chuna population. Historical information. Chunsky district: general information

Indigenous people district - Evenks (Tungus). Changes in the national composition of the population and an increase in numbers began in the second half of the 17th century, with the development Eastern Siberia Russian explorers. In 1859, the List of Populated Places of the Yenisei Province included many old-time settlements, some of which are still part of the region to this day. In the old days, “dissidents” were exiled here.

The village of Chunsky owes its emergence primarily to the construction railway line Taishet-Lena, which is in 1938-1958 g.g. was carried out by prisoners. Route railway due to the peculiarities of the terrain, it lay away from the old-timer villages. And new settlements became station villages: Parchum, Kamensk, st. Novochunka, Oktyabrsky, Izykan, Targiz, where the city-forming enterprises were timber industry enterprises, in large quantities supplying timber to the national economy of the USSR.

In 1945 Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway began. The construction of the century required manpower: This is why an extensive network of forced labor camps was created. There were quite a few lagot sections (columns) on the territory of the modern Chunsky district. Each such column - an island of the Gulag - had its own specialization: logging, construction or excavation work, auxiliary production, etc. They contained from 200 to 800 or more prisoners.

The construction of the railway required sleepers, which required new workshops. AND in June 1947 A timber mill was put into operation, which produced up to 380 cubic meters of forest products per day. A month later, a carpentry shop was launched.

Had to work in harsh conditions climatic conditions: in winter the frosts reached -60 0, when even the metal could not withstand it and the mechanisms failed. And in the summer, the first builders were overcome by midges, and without mosquito nets it was impossible to take a single step. All around there is centuries-old taiga, impenetrable swamps, and only with the help of a saw, axe, pick, shovel, crowbar and wheelbarrow, areas for housing were conquered meter by meter. For a long time, Chuna was a group of scattered camp towns connected by a dirt road along the railroad track. The pits for the first comfortable houses began to be dug only in 1959-1960.

In 1949. The Mironovsky Village Council was formed, which included the village of Chuna and 19 other small settlements. Already in 1950, there was a communications department at the railway station.

December 12 1953 based on the Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council The RSFSR formed the Chunsky district with its center in the village of Oktyabrsky. The district included 3 village councils of the Alzamai district, 6 village councils of the Shitkinsky district, the settlement of Parenda of the Taishet district and part of the territory of the Bratsk village council.

In 1955. Oktyabrsky and Chunsky village councils were formed, and the villages themselves were classified as working villages. The Chunsky LZK, today the largest timber processing enterprise in the region, until the early 60s of the last century was a large camp farm with primitive equipment and cheap labor of prisoners (transported to Mordovlag in 1961). Among the barracks, buildings stood out noticeably high school No. 90 and the Zheleznodorozhnik club, commissioned in the fall of 1951. In the early 60s, a brick school and a public bathhouse appeared.

Since January 1, 1963 The Chunsky district was liquidated, its territory was transferred to the neighboring regions: Bratsky and Taishetsky. In August 1964 The Chunsky industrial district was formed as part of the urban settlement. Oktyabrsky (the center of the district), Lesogorsky, Chunsky and rural councils: Bayorsky, Novochunsky, Tareysky and Targizsky.

September 15, 1964 The executive committee of the Irkutsk Regional Council of Workers' Deputies petitioned the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR to move the center of the recreated Chunsky district from the settlement. Oktyabrsky in r.p. Chuna “due to the impossibility of locating district institutions and organizations in the village. Oktyabrsky due to the lack of necessary office and residential premises in it.., and also taking into account the fact that in the r.p. Chuna is home to the main industrial enterprises, it is the largest village and is located in the center of the region.” The request was granted. The Chunsky industrial region was liquidated.

01/12/1965 The Chunsky district was newly created, consisting of 3 settlements and 9 rural councils, and its administrative and territorial boundaries were approved.

Development plans served as a powerful impetus for the construction of housing and social and cultural facilities in Chuna national economy USSR. They, in particular, provided for the creation of the Chunsky timber industry complex. In the early 70s, urban planning began actively in the regional center. It was carried out around the clock by the forces of SMU-8, and 2-3 apartment buildings were handed over per year. Social facilities were built.

In connection with perestroika in the 80s, the pace of construction slowed down, and the form of ownership of enterprises began to change.

In March 1994 The Chunsky district administration was transformed into the Chunsky district mayor's office. On August 19, 1996, the Charter of the Chunsky district municipality was adopted, which was endowed with the status municipal district with the administrative center in the village of Chunsky. On the territory of the Chunsky district, 11 municipalities were formed: with the status of an urban settlement - 3 (Chunskoye, Oktyabrskoye, Lesogorskoye), with the status of a rural settlement - 8 (Targizskoye, Veselovskoye, Mukhinskoye, Novochunskoye, Kamenskoye, Balturinskoye, Bunbuyskoye, Chervyanskoye).

As of 01/01/2019 The Chunsky district municipality includes 39 settlements. The population of Chunsky district is 32,241 people.

Status Included in Administrative center Date of formation District Mayor

Tyumentsev Valery Grigorievich

Official language Population () Square Time zone Auto code numbers

Chunsky district - municipality in the Irkutsk region. It includes three working settlements - Chunsky, Lesogorsk and Oktyabrsky, 17 towns, six villages and 13 hamlets, united by eleven township and rural administrations. The administrative center is the village of Chunsky.

General information

Chunsky district is located between 55 and 58 degrees northern latitude and 98 and 110 degrees east longitude. In the north, the district borders with the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the northeast with the Ust-Ilimsky District, in the south with the Nizhneudinsky District, in the southwest with the Taishetsky District.

The area is located 85 km south from the Moscow-Vladivostok railway and 295 km north. Distance from the district center of the river. Chunsky village to Irkutsk 811 km (by plane 605 km). The territory of the region stretches from north to south, with the Taishet-Lena railway running from west to east (construction was carried out by Ozerlag prisoners in 1938-1958).

  • Territory - 2579 thousand hectares
  • Population - 46.9 thousand people.
  • Municipalities, rural settlements - 13
  • Settlements - 39

Historical information

On the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated December 12, 1953, the Chunsky district was formed from part of the territories of the Alzamaysky, Shitkinsky and Tanguysky districts with an administrative center in the settlement of Oktyabrsky (from December 23, 1955 - categorized as workers' settlements).

The basis for the development of the region has always been the logging and processing of wood. The first-born of logging enterprises, the Chunsky LZK, traces its history back to September 1, 1946. In 1949, Novochunsky, Bayandaevsky and Frunzensky timber industry enterprises arose. Since 1954, the construction of the Lesogorsk LDK began. In 1948-2000, the Novochunsky Kirzavod functioned, the products of which were supplied to other regions Irkutsk region(Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Zheleznogorsk).

In the early 30s, collective farms arose in the region; they were in all large villages and hamlets with a long history - Balturino, Vydrino, Chervyanka, Gankino, Takhtamai, Zakharovka, Mironovka, Nevanka, Novochunka village (Kamenka, Chunskaya village ) etc. In 1969, two state farms were formed on the basis of collective farms - “Chunsky” and “Oktyabrsky”. In 1955-1985, wastelands were actively developed, swamps were drained, small forests were cut down for arable land... In total, 14,665 hectares of arable land, 4,192 hectares of hayfields, 4,238 hectares of pastures were assigned to state farms, over 13 thousand hectares were sown annually (8,000 hectares were occupied by grain crops) ).

In connection with the consolidation of the districts of the region, the Chunsky district was liquidated from January 1, 1963: five rural councils went to the Bratsk district, and the village councils of the workers' villages of Lesogorsk, Oktyabrsky, Chunsky and four village councils - to the Taishetsky district (the Shitkinsky district was included in 1960 part of the Taishet region).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated August 6, 1964, the Chunsky district was formed as part of the river. Oktyabrsky village ( administrative center), Lesogorsk, Chunsky and rural councils: Baersky, Novochunsky, Tareysky, Targizsky. By decree of the PVS of the RSFSR dated January 12, 1965, the center of the district was moved to the river. Chunsky village (the region included three settlement and nine rural Soviets). At the XXIII Congress of the CPSU (04/8/1966), a decision was made to create the Chunsky timber processing plant, which served as a powerful impetus for industrial and housing construction in the village Chunsky. From 1966 to 1986, the LZK team was headed by P. G. Tverdokhleb, a talented leader who made a lot of efforts to transform Chuna barracks into a modern comfortable village with developed infrastructure.

Improved living conditions helped workers increase labor productivity, exceeding socialist obligations. The district's labor collectives have repeatedly received challenge Red Banners from the Ministry of Forestry and Woodworking Industry, the regional committee and the CPSU Central Committee. Hundreds of leading production workers were awarded high government awards, and two - V. N. Baranov (1966) and V. I. Ryzhkov (1986) were awarded the title of Hero Socialist Labor.

The indigenous population of the region were Evenks (Tungus), but in the second half of the 17th century, the development of Eastern Siberia by Russian explorers began. The Bratsky (1631) and Nizhneudinsky forts (1648), and the village of Shitkino (1726) were founded here.

In 1859, the List of populated places of the Yenisei province, published by the central committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, already included the villages of Chervyanka (361 people), Balturino (173 people), Gankino (110 people), Berezovo (114 people), Chunskaya (village Novochunka) - 138 people, Takhtamai (142 people), Bunbuy (116 people), Derevushka (126 people), Nevanka (176 people), Vydrino (208 people). There is no exact data on the founding of these villages, but the high number of residents suggests that these settlements are old-timers.

For many decades, the remote junction of the Yenisei and Irkutsk provinces served as an ideal place for the exile of “dissidents.” However, significant changes in the national composition of the population occurred only in post-war years, when the Balts, Moldovans, Western Ukrainians, etc. were evicted from the western regions of the USSR to develop the forest resources of the Chunsky taiga. The construction of the second BAM tracks (since 1974) also contributed to population growth in the Chunsky region.

Geographical conditions

The relief of the area is elevated and consists of ridges of hills with smoothed and rounded tops. The climate is sharply continental (temperature in January −19°С, in July + 18°С; average annual precipitation 407.7 mm, number of days with snow cover 176, duration of the frost-free period 70-80 days). Soils are podzolic, sod-podzolic, sod-forest, frozen-meadow.

The area is located in the taiga zone, 93 percent of the total area (2,439,722 hectares) is occupied by forest. The forests are dominated by pine and larch; cedar, spruce, and fir are less common. Rich enough fauna(bear, sable, squirrel, ermine, weasel, otter, badger, hare, fox, wolf, elk, goat, etc.). Lots of healthy and medicinal herbs, mushrooms and berries. Mineral resources are represented by clay, sand, rubble stone and crushed stone, gravel-sand mixture.

The main river of the Chunsky district is Chuna (Uda), its total length is 1125 km. The river has rapids, along the riverbed there are many steep rocks, large rapids - Tyumenets, Voron, the Tsiker waterfall is widely known (water falls in ledges from a height of 20 meters). The river bed is winding, complicated by channels and oxbow lakes, numerous islands and spits. The river's width is 300-400 meters, depth - 2.3 meters. Large tributaries are Modyshevo, Barmo, Deshima, Andocha, Parenda, Parchumka, Chuksha. Chuna, merging with Biryusa, forms the Taseyeva River, which flows into the Angara.

In early July, during the melting of snow in the Eastern Sayan (where the Uda River originates), there are often severe floods (the last one was on July 5, 1996, when the water rose four meters in four days and there was a danger to the railway bridge. Priudinsk and dachas were damaged in Lesogorsk, about a thousand hectares of sown fields were flooded).

Resources

The leading sector of the region's economy is forestry.

Forestry is managed by two forestry enterprises - Baersky and Chunsky.

The total area of ​​forest plantations is 2208.3 thousand hectares, of which group III forests are 1607.8 thousand hectares.

The total timber reserve is 410.1 million cubic meters, including coniferous forests - 322.8 million cubic meters, the forest reserve of group III is 315.3 million cubic meters, of which coniferous forests are 253.9 million cubic meters.

There are also occurrences of diamonds, iron, gold, and brown coals in the area.

Administrative division

The district includes 11 municipalities:

  • Balturinsky municipal formation, rural settlement: Novobalturino village, Novochunka village, Takhtamai village, Balturino village.
  • Bunbuy municipality, rural settlement: Bunbuy village, Gankino village, Nevanka village, Vydrino village
  • Veselovskoe municipal formation, rural settlement: Vesely village, Kulish village, Okraina village, Pitaeva village, Tareya village.
  • Kamensk municipality, rural settlement: Kamensk village, Kedrovy village, Nagorny village, Parchum village.
  • Lesogorsk municipality, urban settlement: Bidogi village, Bayanda village.
  • Mukhino municipality, rural settlement: Mukhino village, Priudinoye village, Baer village.
  • Novochunsky municipal formation, rural settlement: Novochunka, Zavodskoy village, Pionersky village.
  • Oktyabrsky municipal formation, urban settlement: Oktyabrsky village, Khonyaki village.
  • Targiz municipality, rural settlement: Targiz village, Zakharovka village, Elan village, Izykan village, Sosnovka village, Tareya village.
  • Chervyanskoe municipality, rural settlement: Chervyanka village.
  • Chunsky municipal formation, urban settlement: the village of Mironovo.

Social sphere

In the area there are:

  • 32 daytime comprehensive schools (10 primary, 6 basic, 16 secondary)
  • boarding school
  • evening secondary school
  • 22 preschool educational institutions
  • interschool training center,
  • district children's art house
  • children's health and educational camp "Rainbow".

In day schools in the district (including boarding school), in 2003, 6,701 students studied in 408 classrooms.

Medical care is provided to the population in the central district hospital, 2 local hospitals, 2 rural outpatient clinics and 16 first aid stations.

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