Major battles of WWII presentation. Presentation "the main battles of the Great Patriotic War." Encirclement and blockade of Leningrad

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"Decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War"

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"Battle of Stalingrad"The Battle of Stalingrad was one of major events Second World War. The battle included the Wehrmacht's attempt to capture the Left Bank of the Volga in the area of ​​Stalingrad (modern Volgograd) and the city itself, the standoff in the city, and the Red Army counteroffensive (Operation Uranus), which brought the Wehrmacht VI Army and other German allied forces into and around the city were surrounded and partly destroyed, partly captured. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle exceed two million people. The Axis powers lost large numbers of men and weapons and were subsequently unable to fully recover from the defeat. J.V. Stalin wrote: “Stalingrad was the decline of the Nazi army. After the Stalingrad massacre, as we know, the Germans could no longer recover.” For Soviet Union, which also suffered heavy losses during the battle, the victory in Stalingrad marked the beginning of the liberation of the country and victory march across Europe, leading to the final defeat Nazi Germany in 1945.

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"Battle of Kursk" The Battle of Kursk (July 5, 1943 - August 23, 1943, also known as the Battle of Kursk, Operation Citadel in German: Unternehmen Zitadelle) in its scope, the forces and means involved, tension, results and military-political consequences, is one of the key battles of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Kursk lasted forty-nine days - from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In Soviet and Russian historiography, it is customary to divide the battle into three parts: Kursk defensive operation(July 5-23); Oryol (July 12 - August 18) and Belgorod-Kharkov (August 3-23) offensive.

The Battle of Kursk occupies a special place in the Great Patriotic War. It lasted 50 days and nights, from July 5 to August 23, 1943.

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"Liberation of Kharkov" Units of the 53rd, 69th and 7th Guards armies took part in the battles on the streets of Kharkov. From the west, the 89th Guards Belgorod (commander Major General M.P. Seryugin) and 107th Rifle (commander Colonel P.M. Bezhko) divisions of the 53rd Army burst into the city. From the north and northeast, the enemy was pressed back by troops of the 69th and 7th Guards Armies. Connections 7th Guards Army They began the offensive with the actions of forward detachments, and at 2 a.m. on August 23, the army launched a general offensive. Units of the 1243rd were among the first to break into the city. rifle regiment 375th rifle division(commander Colonel P.D. Govorunenko) 69th Army. Soon after them other units of this division entered the city. The enemy, withdrawing his main forces to a previously prepared line, covered the retreat with strong rearguards, supporting them with artillery and mortar fire. In these last hours of their stay in Kharkov, the fascist thugs set numerous fires in the city, and it simultaneously burned in many places. Hundreds of industrial and civil structures were blown up by the Nazis. In the darkness of the night, illuminated by the glow of numerous fires and flashes of explosions, Soviet soldiers fought their last battle for Kharkov. Showing courage and bravery, they bypassed the enemy’s fortified positions, infiltrated his defenses and boldly attacked enemy garrisons from the rear. Neither mines, nor wire fences, nor numerous fires and rubble on the streets, nor other obstacles could stop Soviet soldiers . Already during the battles engineering troops

We started clearing the city of mines. In the Kharkov area, more than 61 thousand mines and 320 landmines and surprises were removed.

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Slide 5 “Crossing the Dnieper” On September 9, 1943, the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief issued a directive “On the rapid and decisive crossing of rivers and rewarding troops for successfully crossing water barriers.” heroism of the Soviet troops. The soldiers, using the slightest opportunity to cross, crossed the river on any floating craft, suffering heavy losses under the fierce fire of the fascist troops. After that Soviet troops practically created a new fortified area on the conquered bridgeheads, actually digging into the ground from enemy fire, and covering the approach of new forces with their fire.

Soon, German troops launched powerful counterattacks at almost every crossing, hoping to destroy the Soviet troops before the heavy equipment touched the other side of the river and entered the battle. Thus, the crossing at Borodaevsk, mentioned by Marshal Konev in his memoirs, was subjected to powerful enemy artillery fire.

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“Liberation of Kyiv” After crossing the Dnieper, Soviet troops had to liberate the capital of Ukraine - Kyiv, expand the captured bridgeheads and create conditions for clearing the entire right-bank Ukraine of the enemy. At the same time, it was necessary to eliminate the enemy bridgehead on the left bank of the Dnieper in the Zaporozhye region, defeat the enemy group on the Molochnaya River and reach the lower reaches of the Dnieper.

During the Lower Dnieper strategic offensive operation, Soviet troops broke through the enemy’s defenses at the turn of the Molochnaya River and completed the liberation of Left Bank Ukraine in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, blocking the Crimean group of Nazi troops from land. Dnepropetrovsk and Zaporozhye were liberated.

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According to the plan of the command of the 1st Ukrainian Front, it was planned to deliver two strikes to liberate Kyiv. The main attack was planned from the Bukrinsky bridgehead, 80 km south of Kyiv, and the auxiliary attack - from the bridgeheads north of Kyiv. In October, the strike force concentrated on the Bukrin bridgehead launched an offensive twice. However, the enemy defenses turned out to be too strong. It became clear that it was difficult to count on success here. Therefore, it was decided to transfer the main efforts from the Bukrinsky to the Lyutezhsky bridgehead and from here direct the main blow to the South. On dark nights and evenings, when the Dnieper valley was covered in impenetrable fog, our tanks and artillery began to cross from the Bukrinsky bridgehead to the left bank of the Dnieper. They walked along the left bank about two hundred kilometers to the north and crossed the river again - to the Lyutezhsky bridgehead. This was done so skillfully, so carefully, that the enemy did not notice the changes. Fascist reconnaissance planes noted Soviet tanks and large guns in their original places. The enemy had no idea that he was seeing plywood tanks and guns made of logs. In addition, our formations remaining at Velikiy Bukrin demonstrated previous attempts to break through the defenses there. Slide 7 "Capture of Berlin" The assault on the city began on April 16 at 3 am. Under the light of searchlights, one and a half hundred tanks and infantry attacked the German defensive positions. The fierce battle was fought for four days, after which the forces of three managed to encircle the city. On the same day, Soviet troops met with the Allies on the Elbe. As a result of four days of fighting, several hundred thousand people were captured and dozens of armored vehicles were destroyed. However, despite the offensive, Hitler had no intention of surrendering Berlin; he insisted that the city must be held at all costs. Hitler refused to surrender even after Soviet troops approached the city; he threw all available human resources, including children and the elderly, onto the battlefield. On April 21, the Soviet army was able to reach the outskirts of Berlin and start street battles there - German soldiers fought to the last, following Hitler's orders not to surrender. April 29 soviet soldiers began the assault on the Reichstag building. On April 30, the Soviet flag was hoisted on the building - the war ended, Germany was defeated. On the night of May 9, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed.

The main battles of the Great Patriotic War.

Completed by: Levushkina Olesya

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) -war of liberation Soviet people against fascist Germany and its allies (Hungary, Italy, Romania, Finland).

Among the main causes of the war are the following:

Economic - the Nazis sought to turn Germany into a full-fledged colonial empire through the conquest and subjugation of the territory of the USSR;

Ideological - the war against the USSR was considered by the Nazis as part of the fight against international Bolshevism and the communist movement, which were their main opponents;

Geopolitical - the conquest of the territory of the Soviet Union was supposed to provide Germany with unconditional superiority in the confrontation with England and the United States and open the way to world domination.

• First period (June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942)

Within a year of Germany's attack on the USSR, the German army was able to conquer significant territories, which included Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Belarus and Ukraine. After this, the troops moved inland with the goal of capturing Moscow and Leningrad, however, despite the failures of Russian soldiers at the beginning of the war, the Germans failed to take the capital.

Leningrad was besieged, but the Germans were not allowed into the city. The battles for Moscow, Leningrad and Novgorod continued until 1942.

Combat actions of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War

(tank battles)

Main periods of the Great Patriotic War:

• The period of radical change (1942 – 1943) The middle period of the war bears this name because it was at this time that Soviet troops were able to take the advantage in the war into their own hands and launch a counteroffensive. The German and Allied armies gradually began to retreat back to the western border, and many foreign legions were defeated and destroyed.

Thanks to the fact that the entire industry of the USSR at that time worked for military needs, the Soviet army managed to significantly increase its weapons and provide worthy resistance. The USSR army turned from a defender into an attacker.

Main periods of the Great Patriotic War:

• The final period of the war (1943 – 1945). During this period, the USSR began to recapture the lands occupied by the Germans and move towards Germany. Leningrad was liberated, Soviet troops entered Czechoslovakia, Poland, and then into German territory.

On May 8, Berlin was captured and German troops announced unconditional surrender. Hitler, upon learning that the war was lost, committed suicide. War is over.

The main battles of the Great Patriotic War :

• 2.
• 3. Battle of Kursk 1943
• 4. Belarusian operation (June 23 - August 29, 1944).
• 5. Berlin operation 1945

Moscow Battle 1941 - 1942

Moscow Battle 1941 - 1942

• By the beginning of the German offensive on Moscow, Army Group Center (Field Marshal F. Bock) had 74.5 divisions (approximately 38% infantry and 64% tank and mechanized divisions operating on the Soviet-German front), 1,800,000 people, 1,700 tanks, over 14,000 guns and mortars, 1,390 aircraft. Soviet troops in the Western direction, consisting of three fronts, had 1,250 thousand people, 990 tanks, 7,600 guns and mortars and 677 aircraft.

Moscow Battle 1941 - 1942

• During the defensive battles, the enemy was significantly bled dry. On December 5-6, Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive, and on January 7-10, 1942, they launched a general offensive along the entire front. The Battle of Moscow was of great importance: the myth of the invincibility of the German army was dispelled; the plan was thwarted lightning war, strengthened international situation THE USSR.

G.K. Zhukov (Army General Western Front)

I.S. Konev (Colonel General of the Western Front, and later of the Kalinin Front)

Battle of Stalingrad 1942 - 1943

• Defensive (July 17 - November 18, 1942) and offensive (November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943) operations carried out by Soviet troops in order to defend Stalingrad and defeat a large enemy strategic group operating in the Stalingrad direction.

Battle of Stalingrad 1942 - 1943

• Victory in Battle of Stalingrad had enormous international and military-political significance for the USSR. It marked a radical turning point during the Second World War. After Stalingrad, the period of expulsion of German occupiers from the territory of the USSR began. Becoming a triumph of Soviet military art, the Battle of Stalingrad strengthened the camp anti-Hitler coalition and caused discord in the countries of the fascist bloc.

S.K. Timoshenko - Marshal of the Stalingrad Front

K.K. Rokossovsky - Lieutenant General of the Don Front

Battle of Kursk 1943

• Defensive (5 - 23 July) and offensive (12 July - 23 August) operations carried out by Soviet troops in the Kursk area to disrupt a major offensive German troops and the defeat of the enemy’s strategic grouping. As a result of the Battle of Kursk, 30 enemy divisions (including 7 tank divisions) were completely defeated. The enemy lost over 500 thousand people, 1.5 thousand tanks, over 3.7 thousand aircraft, 3 thousand guns. The main result of the battle was the transition of German troops in all theaters of military operations to strategic defense. The strategic initiative finally passed into the hands of the Soviet command. In the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War, the radical change begun by the Battle of Stalingrad was completed.

Army General of the Voronezh Front N. F. Vatutin

army General Southwestern Front R. Ya. Malinovsky

• Code name: Operation Bagration. One of the largest strategic offensive operations, undertaken by the Soviet high command with the aim of defeating the Nazi Army Group Center and liberating Belarus. During the Belarusian operation, the Red Army made a powerful push from the Dnieper to the Vistula and advanced 500-600 km. Soviet troops liberated all of Belarus, most of Lithuania and entered Polish soil. For carrying out this operation, General Rokossovsky received the rank of marshal.

The Belarusian operation led to the defeat of Army Group Center, whose irretrievable losses amounted to 539 thousand people. (381 thousand people killed and 158 thousand captured). This success of the Red Army was paid at a high price. Her total losses amounted to over 765 thousand people. (including irrevocable - 233 thousand people), 2957 tanks and self-propelled guns, 2447 guns and mortars, 822 aircraft.

army general

Baltic Front

I. Kh. Bagramyan

army general

Belorussian Front

I. D. Chernyakhovsky

Berlin operation 1945

• The final strategic offensive operation carried out by Soviet troops on April 16 - May 8, 1945. Troops from three fronts were involved in the operation: 2nd Belorussian (Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky), 1st Belorussian (Marshal G.K. Zhukov), 1st Ukrainian (Marshal I.S. Konev).

Based on the nature of the tasks performed and the results, the Berlin operation is divided into 3 stages. 1st stage- breakthrough of the Oder-Neissen line of enemy defense (April 16 - 19); 2nd stage- encirclement and dismemberment of enemy troops (April 19 - 25); 3rd stage- destruction of the surrounded groups and capture of Berlin (April 26 - May 8). The main goals of the operation were achieved in 16 - 17 days.

• For the success of the operation, 1,082 thousand soldiers were awarded the medal “For the Capture of Berlin.” More than 600 participants in the operation became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and 13 people were awarded the second Gold Star medal.

Results of the Great Patriotic War:

● victory of the anti-Hitler coalition;

● The USSR defended its state independence;

● Nazi Germany and Japan suffered military and political defeat;

● fascism and Nazism were condemned as an ideology of aggression, violence, and racial superiority;

● the prestige of the USSR grew, its international influence increased, and a system of socialist states under its direct control began to form in Central and South-Eastern Europe.

Student of grade 9 “a” Kozyrev Dmitry Olegovich

Battle of Moscow (September 30, 1941 – April 20, 1942)

Divided into 2 periods: defensive (September 30
- December 4, 1941) and offensive, which
consists of 2 stages: counter-offensive (December 5-6
1941 - January 7-8, 1942) and general offensive
Soviet troops (January 7-10 - April 20, 1942).

Late September - early
October 1941 began
German
operation
"Typhoon" aimed at
capture of Moscow. First
Soviet defense line
was
broken through
on
central direction
October 5 - 6. Pali
Bryansk and Vyazma. Second
line near Mozhaisk
delayed for several days
German offensive. 10
October
commander
The Western Front was
appointed G.K. Zhukov. 19
it was October in the capital
introduced
siege
position.

Second
stage
offensive
The Nazis' assault on Moscow began
November 15, 1941 At a cost
huge losses they managed to
late November - early December
reach the approaches to Moscow.
On
this
offensive
choked. December 5 - 6
began
counteroffensive
The Red Army, as a result
from which the enemy was driven back
Moscow at 100 - 250 km. Were
released
Kalinin,
Maloyaroslavets, Kaluga, others
cities and towns.
Hitler's
plan
lightning fast
wars
completely failed.

Battle of Rzhev (1942–1943)

The Battle of Rzhev is a conventional concept that combines 4
individual offensive operations carried out
troops of the Western and Kalinin fronts against
Army Group Center, on Rzhevsko-Sychevsko-Vyazemsky
direction from January 8, 1942 to March 31, 1943 in
during the Great Patriotic War.

Rzhev-Vyazemsk operation of 1942

The offensive operation of the Kalinin and Northwestern fronts, carried out on January 8 - 20
April
1942
of the year.
Continuation of the Soviet
counteroffensive near Moscow. One of the most
bloody operations of the Great Patriotic War
war: in just 4 months of fighting, approx. 300 thousand
people (according to official Soviet data).

Rzhev-Sychevsk strategic offensive operation

(also known as “Rzhev meat grinder”, 2nd battle
for Rzhev) - fighting Kalininsky (Colonel General I.S. Konev) and Western (he also led
the entire operation - Army General G.K. Zhukov) of the fronts with
the goal of defeating the German 9th Army (Colonel General
V. Model, headquarters - Sychevka) Army Group Center
(Commander Field Marshal G. von Kluge),
defending in the Rzhev-Vyazemsky ledge.

Rzhev-Sychevsk strategic offensive operation

(operation
"Mars")
-
combat
actions
Kalinsky (Colonel General M. A. Purkaev) and
Western (Colonel General I. S. Konev) fronts
with the aim of defeating the German 9th Army (Colonel General V. Model, headquarters - Sychevka) group
armies "Center", defending in the Rzhev-Vyazemsky ledge. The operation was led by a general
army of G. K. Zhukov.

Rzhev-Vyazemsk operation

strategic military operation of the armed forces
USSR against German troops during the Great
Patriotic War, final part
Battle of Rzhev.

RESULTS

The battles near Rzhev became one of the bloodiest
episodes of the Great Patriotic War. Total losses
Red Army only according to official data
exceeded
million
Human.
By
the last one
according to unofficial calculations by military historians, losses
amounted to 800-900 thousand killed and about 1.5 million -
wounded.
Rzhev and neighboring cities and villages were almost completely
destroyed. As a result of hostilities for 17 months
occupation, Rzhev was destroyed to the ground, mainly
artillery and aviation of the Red Army during attempts
liberation.

Siege of Leningrad (September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944)

The capture of Leningrad was integral part developed
Nazi Germany's war plan against the USSR -
plan "Barbarossa". It provided that
The Soviet Union must be completely destroyed in
during 3-4 months of summer and autumn 1941, that is, during
lightning war (“blitzkrieg”). By November 1941
German troops were supposed to capture all
the European part of the USSR.

Encirclement and blockade of Leningrad

September 8, 1941, when the Germans captured
Shlisselburg, the 871-day
Leningrad blockade. Surrounded
2 million 544 thousand civilian population
cities (including approximately 400
thousand
children),
343
thousand
residents
suburban
districts,
troops,
defending the city. Food and
fuel supplies were limited
(only for 1-2 months). September 8, 1941
as a result of an air raid and
arisen
fire
burned out
food warehouses named after A.E.
Badaeva. Due to the termination of communication with
Big
earth
special
meaning
acquired a road across Lake Ladoga,
which became the legendary "Road of Life".

Breaking and lifting the blockade

The breaking of the blockade of Leningrad began on January 12, 1943 with the offensive of troops
Leningrad and Volkhov fronts in cooperation with the Red Banner
Baltic Fleet (KBF) south of Lake Ladoga. The place where the blockade was broken was
a narrow ledge was chosen to separate the troops of the fronts. January 18, 136th Infantry
division and the 61st tank brigade of the Leningrad Front broke into Rabochy
village No. 5 and united with units of the 18th Infantry Division of the Volkhov Front. IN
on the same day, units of the 86th Infantry Division and the 34th Ski Brigade were
Shlisselburg was liberated and the entire southern coast of Ladoga was cleared of the enemy
lakes.
January 14, 1944 by the forces of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts with the support
Kronstadt artillery began the final part of the liberation operation
Leningrad. By January 27, 1944, Soviet troops broke through the defenses of the 18th German
army, defeated its main forces and advanced 60 kilometers in depth.
The Germans began to retreat. With the liberation of Pushkin, Gatchina and Chudovo blockade
Leningrad was completely removed

Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943)

DEFENSE STAGE

July 17 - the first serious clash between our troops and forces
enemy on the banks of the Don tributaries.
August 23 - enemy tanks came close to the city.
German aircraft began to regularly bomb Stalingrad.
September 13 - storming of the city. Glory spread throughout the world
workers of Stalingrad factories and plants that are under fire
repaired damaged equipment and weapons.
October 14 - the Germans launched an offensive military
operation off the banks of the Volga with the aim of capturing Soviet
bridgeheads.
November 19 - our troops launched a counteroffensive according to
plan for Operation Uranus.

OFFENSIVE AND VICTORY

December 12 - the enemy made a desperate attempt to escape from
environment. However, the breakthrough attempt was unsuccessful.
Soviet troops began to tighten the ring.
December 17 - The Red Army recaptured German positions on the river
Chir (right tributary of the Don).
December 24 - ours advanced 200 km into operational depth.
December 31 - Soviet soldiers advanced another 150 km. Line
the front stabilized at the Tormosin-Zhukovskaya-Komissarovsky line. January 10 - our offensive in accordance with
"Ring" plan.
January 26 - The German 6th Army is divided into 2 groups.
January 31 - the southern part of the former 6th German Army was destroyed.
February 2 - the northern group of fascists was liquidated
troops. Our soldiers, the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad, won.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD

The battle was not only of enormous proportions, but also
extremely significant political significance. Continued
bloody war. The Battle of Stalingrad became hers
the main turning point. Without exaggeration
we can say that it was after the victory under
Stalingrad gave humanity hope for victory
over fascism.

Battle of Kursk (July 5 - August 23, 1943)

An operation plan was developed
“Citadel” for breakthrough and encirclement
Red Army in the Kursk region.
The Germans launched an offensive on Kursk
arc. At those gathered before
German front lines collapsed
squally
fire
Soviet
artillery, causing them great damage.
The enemy's advance stalled and
It was a couple of hours late. Per day
battles, the enemy advanced only
5 kilometers, and in 6 days of offensive
on the Kursk Bulge for 12 km. This
the state of affairs was hardly satisfactory
German command.

During the battles on the Kursk Bulge, near the village
Prokhorovka was the largest event in history
tank battle. 800 tanks each fought in battle
each side. It was an impressive sight.
The tank models of the second were better on the battlefield
world war. Soviet T-34 clashed with
German Tiger. Also in that battle there was
St. John's wort was tested. 57 mm gun,
piercing the Tiger's armor.

Counter-offensive.

Soviet soldiers took the fortifications and, with the support
aviation, made a breakthrough of the German defense. Battle on
The Kursk Bulge lasted approximately 50 days. During this time
the Russian army destroyed 30 German divisions, including
7 tanks, 1.5 thousand aircraft, 3 thousand guns, 15 thousand
tanks. The Wehrmacht's casualty losses on the Kursk Bulge amounted to
500 thousand people.
Victory in Battle of Kursk, showed Germany the power of the Red
army. The specter of defeat in the war hung over the Wehrmacht.

The longest day of the year
With its cloudless weather
He gave us a common misfortune for all. For all four years.
She made such a mark,
And laid so many on the ground,
That twenty years and thirty
years
The living cannot believe that they are alive.
And to the dead, straightening the ticket,
All
rides
anyone
from
loved ones.
And time adds to the lists
Some others, some not.
And he puts up, puts up obelisks.
K. Simonov

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Presentation competition “Not to remember, but to remember!”
Category: Great Battles of the Great War
Yanduvanov Vladimir Valerievich 6th grade MKOU "Zavyazenskaya Secondary School" p. The beginning
Head: teacher of Russian language and literature MKOU "Zavyazenskaya Secondary School" Putilina Lyudmila Pavlovna

Slide 2

Battles of the Great Patriotic War
On June 22, 1941 at 4 o'clock in the morning the Great Patriotic War began. The Germans violated the non-aggression pact. ---The main battles of the Great Patriotic War - the Battle of Smolensk, the battle of Moscow, battles in the North Caucasus, the Battle of Stalingrad, the battle of Kursk, the battles of Leningrad and Novgorod, military operations in Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, France, Belgium, Poland, the battle for the capture of Berlin.

Slide 3

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, resistance to the enemy was provided by the Red Army in border battles, in the battle of Smolensk, during the defense of Kyiv (in July-August 1941), Odessa (in August-October 1941) and Sevastopol (began in November 1941) . Our troops, who were taken by surprise, failed to stop the enemy’s advance. Before the Battle of Smolensk, the Nazis had an advantage in ammunition and the number of fighters, so the battle became intense.

Slide 4

German troops organized a breakthrough in the area of ​​Mogilev, Polotsk and Vitebsk. The 20th Army of General Pavel Alekseevich Kurochkin continuously counterattacked the 9th German Army, but was unable to stop it. The enemy's tank divisions bypassed the 20th Army and approached Smolensk. On July 16, the Germans broke into the city, and after fighting that lasted for two weeks, they completely occupied it. Then the Germans could break through to Moscow.

Slide 5

At the beginning of winter 1941 Soviet army stopped the Germans, and they failed to carry out the “blitzkrieg” plan. First major defeat Germans in the Great Patriotic War were in the Battle of Moscow, which can be divided into two periods: the period of defense (from September 30 to December 5, 1941) and the period of counteroffensive (from December 5-6, 1941 to January 7-8, 1942). The counteroffensive ended with a general offensive of Soviet troops towards the western direction of the front (from January 7-10, 1942 to April 20, 1942). The Germans were thrown back 250 km from the capital, most of them were defeated or captured. This victory raised the spirit of the Soviet people. Türkiye and Japan, Germany's allies, did not enter the war.

Slide 6

The Battle of Stalingrad after Moscow Stalin makes new mistakes, first demanding the deployment of a series of offensive operations. During the offensive that began near Kharkov (May 12-29, 1942), the Germans allowed our troops to go deep into the country (territory), then surrounded them and destroyed them. The second mistake is the plan of operations for 1942. Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov assumed that the Germans would conduct military operations in the south, but Stalin thwarted Zhukov's plan.

Slide 7

In the summer of 1942, the Germans began an offensive in the south. They wanted to first occupy the Kerch Peninsula and then capture Sevastopol. On May 16, Soviet troops abandoned Kerch. The defenders of Sevastopol defended for 250 days and nights until they ran out of ammunition and drinking water. Then they left the destroyed city and retreated to Cape Chersonesus, from where some of the defenders were evacuated on July 4, and the rest continued to fight until July 9. Some units managed to break into the mountains and join partisan detachments. Some of the defenders were captured. ----In a few weeks, the Germans reached Stalingrad and in the North Caucasus - to Ordzhonikidze.

Slide 8

The Battle of Stalingrad lasted more than six months (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943), but Stalingrad did not surrender. Based on the nature of the fighting, the battle can be divided into two stages: defensive (from July 17 to November 19, 1942) and offensive. The winter offensive of the Soviet Army could not but be successful. It surrounded the Germans at Stalingrad, and the German army suffered its most important defeat, losing 1.5 million people. For this reason, the Nazi government of Germany declared three days of mourning.

Slide 9

Battle of Kursk After the Battle of Stalingrad, a number of German supporters - Romania, Italy and Finland - declared their desire to leave the war.

After the Battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet Army did not lose a single battle, going on the offensive along the entire front.

The last attempt of the Germans to win was the battle on the Kursk Bulge (July 5-August 23, 1943), a front ledge in the Kursk region formed as a result of the offensive of Soviet troops. The battle ended, by and large, in a draw. But Soviet industry instantly made up for the losses. After this, a continuous offensive of the Soviet army began. Slide 10 The Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk are the great battles of the Great Patriotic War, as they were able to turn the tide of the war in favor of the USSR. These victories raised the spirit of Soviet soldiers and proved to everyone that not all was lost in this

terrible war

. On August 5, 1943, Oryol and Belgorod were liberated, on August 23, Kharkov, and on November 6, Kyiv. On January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was lifted, Odessa was liberated on April 10, and Sevastopol on May 9.

Slide 11

Capture of Berlin In the summer of 1944, Belarus, Moldova, Karelia were liberated, and in October the Baltic states, the Arctic, and Transcarpathian Ukraine were liberated. After this, Soviet troops, pursuing the Germans, crossed the borders of the USSR and entered the territories of neighboring states: Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia.