How to do the right analysis. How to do a SWOT analysis. Lyrical hero, mood

Love for poetry is impossible without understanding it. School course literature is designed to form the skills of the ability to understand poetic creativity: to comprehend the meaning of the work, to hear its musical rhythm, to penetrate into inner world lyrical hero. This contributes complex analysis poem, an example of which is given in the article.

Choice of work

The reader is invited to the "Winter Morning" by A. S. Pushkin. The choice is determined by a number of reasons:

• The genius of the poet allows you to revive the picture of the winter landscape, which is comparable to the canvas of the artist or the musical work of the composer. And you should always learn new things on the best examples of works of art.
• Thanks to wealth literary language the author has the opportunity to carry out a full-fledged linguistic analysis of the text, which is included in the philological example will help in the future to easily cope with the study of the lyrics of the XIX century.
• The poem is studied at school, which will allow you to prepare in advance for the development of complex material.
• The work is insignificant in volume, which makes it possible to make its analysis deeper.

Analysis Plan

There is no single scheme that should be followed in the analysis artwork. Everything depends on the tasks facing the researcher, and the source itself, which is a living organism that does not always fit into predetermined limits. The proposed analysis of the poem is an example according to a plan specially drawn up for a specific work. Its paragraphs can be easily interchanged, other phrases can be used for headings, but at the same time it is important to preserve three components: historical and biographical, linguistic (poetic vocabulary, stylistics, phonetics, text grammar) and literary criticism (theme, genre, composition, style). A high level of analysis additionally requires a statement of personal attitude to the poem read.

The proposed plan is as follows:

1. The history of the creation of "Winter Morning", information about the author.
2. The place of the work in the work of the poet.
3. Genre and subject matter.
4. plot and composition.
5. Lyrical hero, the mood of the work.
6. Lexicon of the poem.
7. Visual means.
8. Rhyme, ways of rhyming.
9. sound organization.
10. Reading attitude.

The history of the creation of "Winter Morning"

This subheading highlights the first two points of the plan regarding information about the author and the place of the work in his work. An example of the analysis of Pushkin's poem should include facts that are directly related to the work in question: date and place of writing, dedication, previous events, first publication. What is important to know about the history of the creation of "Winter Morning"?

Thirty-year-old A. S. Pushkin wooed the secular beauty N. Goncharova, whose initial answer was rather vague. In dismay, the poet violates the ban of Nicholas I and goes to the Caucasus, where he personally participates in military operations. Upon his return, he calls in the village of Pavlovskoye (Tver province) to the estate of P.I. Wulf, where he spends some time surrounded by good friends, writing a lyric work in one day on November 3, 1829, which remarkably conveyed his mood. He is in anticipation of a long-awaited meeting with a beautiful bride, whose hand he is determined to seek again. The following year, the poem was published in the almanac "Tsarskoye Selo", entering the golden fund of landscape lyrics, masterfully conveying the beauty of Russian nature, full of fabulous magic. The poem does not have a dedication, but it is written in the form of a dialogue with a young friend, with whom the author wants to share the admiration for what he saw.

Genre and theme of the poem

To determine the genre, it is necessary to have knowledge of its features, as well as to understand what place it occupies in the author's work. The topic will help answer the question of how to analyze the poem. An example of a specific analysis is following the theme of "Winter Morning", which will be discussed in this subheading.

The work appears as a deeply personal and autobiographical impromptu, a kind of monologue addressed to the sleeping beauty. These are signs of having a number of directions: love, philosophical, historical, landscape and military. AT " winter morning»The beauty of nature is described in a romantic style, which makes it possible to attribute the work to the category of landscape lyrics, in which A. S. Pushkin is an unsurpassed master. The ratio of the moods of nature and man, an unexpected change in their contrasting states - main topic poems, influencing the author's choice of artistic means.

Plot and composition

Not all poems have a plot. In "Winter Morning" everything is built on the contemplation of the white decoration of the coming winter, which evokes joyful emotions. From admiring nature and memories, the author proceeds to describe the home environment, which brings warmth and comfort. The transition sequence testifies to a linear composition written in iambic tetrameter. An example of the analysis of a poem should help highlight the semantic parts and the artistic technique that allows them to be harmoniously connected with each other.

• Admiration for the sun and the desire to share it with a sleeping girlfriend.
• Memories of yesterday's blizzard.
• Description of the beauty of nature outside the window.
• Representation of the interior decoration of the room.
• An urge to have a wonderful time in the wild.

Antithesis (opposition) has become the main artistic means and linking the parts together. It is present in the very first line: “frost and sun”, and then, through the contrast of yesterday (“evening”) and the coming morning (“today”), it penetrates the fabric of the poem.

Lyrical hero, mood

AT poetic work necessarily present lyrical hero. In "Winter Morning" - this is the author himself and that girlfriend (addressee) to whom his monologue is directed. The hero addresses the girl with the words: “dear friend”, “beauty”, “charming friend”, which shows his attitude towards her. This is a manifestation of tenderness, love and care. The analysis of the lyrical poem, an example of which is considered in the article, provides for the identification of the general mood of the work.

From the first lines, there is light and joy in it, although in the second stanza, memories of the former sadness arise. But this contrast only enhances the positive mood, bringing him to delight and a call to share the joy with the main character.

Vocabulary of the poem

Most of the words are simple and easy to understand, although the author uses outdated terms and expressions, the meaning of which is shown in the picture above. Among the linguistic means to which he resorts, a special place is occupied by epithets. In a small work, they occur 18 times, giving it that imagery, thanks to which one can mentally imagine a magnificent winter landscape, and yesterday's blizzard, and the serene peace of the interior decoration of the house. An example of the analysis of a poem is impossible without listing all the linguistic means used by the author. Among them: comparisons, metaphors and personifications.

The hero compares his girlfriend with the "star of the north", and the moon - with the "pale spot". But the most interesting are comparisons in a figurative sense - metaphors. So, the room is illuminated by an “amber sheen”, which enhances the impression of feeling sunlight. Personification is the giving of human properties to inanimate things. In A. S. Pushkin, a blizzard is able to “get angry”, and the haze “rushes” in a cloudy sky, which adds bright colors into a work of art.

Visual means

The syntactic means used by the author are interesting. Joy at the very beginning of the work is conveyed by exclamations that turn into a calmer intonation when talking about the warmth of the hearth. A certain excitement is reflected in questions, including rhetorical ones. The poem is dominated simple sentences and direct speech, giving it lightness and emphasizing the atmosphere of joy.

The example of the analysis of the poem given in the article cannot cover all visual means, but one should dwell on those that give the poet's brilliant lines a special imagery. With the help of alliteration (injection of hissing and ringing sounds) and assonance (repetition of vowels), the reader seems to hear the crackle of the stove, the tramp of a horse and the creak of snow. The author also uses repetitions of related sounds (anaphora): "and a spruce ...", "and a river ...". This enhances the impression of the lyrical work.

Rhyme, ways of rhyming

The use by the poet gives the poem energy and optimism, because iambic is one of the most expressive and major sizes. However, in the text there are words (“magnificent”, “impatient”) that violate the measured rhythm (pyrrhic). The author deliberately uses a technique to hold the reader's attention and convey a thought that reveals internal state hero: slight sadness, inspiration, desire for a “sweet shore”. This example of the analysis of a poem in literature will be incomplete if you do not observe the construction of a rhyme.

The consonance of the endings of the first, second, fourth and fifth lines of each stanza form pairs, and the third and sixth rhyme with each other (encircling rhyme). According to which syllable is stressed in the last word of the line, rhymes are divided into feminine and masculine. In "Winter Morning" they alternate, but feminine ones, in which the penultimate syllable is under stress, prevail. This allows you to combine pauses with the end of lines, giving the poem the right rhythm. Only in the fourth stanza can one see a line break and the formation of an additional pause, which helps to comprehend the meaning of the entire poem.

Sound Organization

The uniqueness of Pushkin's lines is such that many musicians capture the interweaving of tonalities and create amazing music that fits exactly into the mood of the poem. One of the best works is the work of G. Sviridov, built on contrasts. The already mentioned alliteration and assonance do not dominate in "Winter Morning", giving way to a combination of sounds of various emotional coloring. These sounds are sometimes found in one or two adjacent words: [n], [p] and [l]. An example of analysis of a poem will be incomplete without confirmation of the statement by the text:

• "Yanta R b l eskom";
• "morning R ennemu with n egu";
• "proz R bright l eu";
• « n ee R ne l willow";
• "very l th t R eskom.

The contrast can be traced in the change of phrases from light, gentle sounds [e, n, v, l, m] and minor, dark [x, w, h, sh], which A. S. Pushkin hardly did consciously. His genius lies in the fact that, by some intuition, he used all the acoustic richness of the Russian language.

Reading attitude

How to write an analysis of a poem? The example demonstrates the need for knowledge of the theory of versification and the use of educational and cognitive techniques. However, the analysis will always be incomplete if one does not convey a personal perception of a work of art:

• What feelings does the poem evoke in the reader?
• Do the theme and feelings of the lyrical hero resonate with him?
• What is the significance of these verses?

"Winter Morning" is permeated with love for life, optimism and admiration for the beauty of native nature. It carries the philosophy of the unity of man and the surrounding world, capable of giving everyone spiritual strength and strengthening the desire to live.

Hello dear friends!

Very often in our verbal everyday life we ​​use phrases like: “logical mindset” and analytical thinking. But what this kind of thinking means and what exactly the terms mean, we can not even guess.

In fact, this kind of construction of thought can be disassembled from two sides at once. Both with the theoretical part of the question, and with the practical one. If in the first case, analytical thinking means a high ability of an individual to make decisions with the help of logic and dry calculation, then in practice the situation is much more interesting.

Not everyone knows that it is precisely the analytical warehouse of gray matter that implies the dominance of the left hemisphere over the right. That is, reason completely controls emotions, and logic controls the images that are born.

This does not prevent personalities from showing themselves as world-class mathematicians or even musicians! But how to learn to analyze incoming information? In today's article, I would like to give some effective tips for pumping the skill of analytical thinking. And before that, I will throw an essay on the practical side of the above thought process.

Description of the mechanism of analytical thinking

• A person is able to skillfully structure incoming information into logical blocks. It may look like separate components that form a general picture of the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe problem or topic of the question;
• personality is able to quickly produce qualitative analysis newsbreak, and then thoroughly study the rubrics separately;
• in case of lack of arguments or facts, an individual with analytical thinking can resort to restoring the missing puzzles with the help of logical conclusions, constructive conjectures and counterarguments;
• a prerequisite is to always calculate and see several ways to solve the situation at once;
• evaluates the pros and cons of each of the possible outcomes of the action taken;
• chooses the most optimal solution that satisfies the highest number of his requests.

Man and types of thinking

A person, depending on the circumstance that has arisen, uses a different type of thinking:

• for example, thanks to boolean type, a person is able to find the relationship between emerging events in his life and discover the sequence;
• deduction has significant differences between logic. Thus, the deductive method of thinking does not compare what is happening, but independently determines the bundle of seen processes for inference;
• but the analytical mindset can be described as the most advanced way to determine one of the most optimal options for solving a dilemma;
• abstract thinking(creative), allows a person to generate countless amazing ideas and creative endeavors.

In addition to successful switching between types, it is thanks to the analysis of incoming information that people of an analytical way of thinking are able to achieve high performance both in the professional field and in their personal lives.

They are less quick-tempered and rather laconic. They hide in themselves the powerful qualities of a leader, marked by high productivity. But it is worth noting that the "science of analytics" accompanies the individual to last days. Or rather, until the human brain completely ceases to function.

Developing Opportunities

Who needs an analytical mindset, you ask? It is useful to sellers, and artists, and physicists, at the ready with bloggers. And all because with its help you can see the success and effectiveness of the work performed.

Oddly enough, it is not difficult to develop the skill of thinking analytically in children. To do this, they will need to systematically attend lectures in mathematics and simply attend classes. Plus, pay attention to the technical fundamentals and directions.

But with adults, things are much more complicated. Now I want to present to you a few effective ways develop the necessary superpowers.

1. Workout or food for thought

Chess and mathematics

Analytical games are a great workout for the mind. So, chess and mahjong are excellently recommended. During the lesson, you can feel the pleasure and the real pumping of the gray matter.

You have to independently develop a strategy, monitor the enemy and calculate your moves in advance. Since the development of logic is directly related to analytical thinking, I strongly recommend that you perform all kinds of computational operations in your mind.

Computer games

And here computer games helpful as ever. Of course, this type of training is designed for quite lazy people, but nevertheless, quests and strategies perfectly develop analytical skills.

You have to quickly respond to situations, calculate the risks and opportunities, and be patient for an in-depth analysis of the situation.

Own program

In this type of training, everyone is his own master. You can personally choose the topic and flow of information for comparing arguments and facts. Perhaps you will like the study of scientific programs or magazines, familiarization with complex literature for a thorough construction of a logical chain.

Analytical articles on politics, economics and cybernetics may be suitable. Also, you can improve the skill of determining the main from the secondary. In other words, prioritize correctly.

2. Constructive criticism

To get comfortable with analytical thinking, you need to get used to challenging any news that comes in. Doubt everything! I advise you to act as an avid debater. This will help you learn to ask logical and reasoned questions first to yourself, and later to the state, society and the framework.

I propose to pay attention to the detailed consideration of absolutely opposite points of view. As you begin to try to combine them into one continuous layer of material, simultaneously developing each of the hypotheses, you will be able to increase your level of tolerance.

3. Train yourself to plan

Be sure to plan your life ahead. Create a calendar that clearly separates long-term perspectives and goals from short-term ones. After passing through each of the completed stages, analyze the results to derive general adjustments.

It is worth highlighting key events and important dates for accomplishment in bright colors. Thanks to this way of life planning, you develop and improve not only analytical thinking, but also your activities as a whole.

4. Communication and organicity

Be sure to remember about training the ability to think analytically at the time of communication with people. Before speaking, try to mentally calculate the possible answers of the interlocutor or the course of his thoughts.

This perfectly trains attentiveness and involvement in the conversation. Also, the technique is very useful in the event of a conflict situation or a heated argument.

And at the same time, do not focus on the development of one of the hemispheres. Man is a multifaceted and harmonious being. And its success depends only on the versatile development of professional and personal skills, the level of intelligence, communication skills and the symbiosis of types of thinking. Just!

On this point!

Subscribe to updates, there is a lot ahead of you amazing themes and discoveries! In the comments, share games to develop analytical thinking or interesting tasks to logic!

See you on the blog, bye bye!

2. The history of the creation of the poem / when it was written, on what occasion, to whom it is dedicated /.

3. Genre of the poem:epigram (satirical portrait), epitaph (posthumous), elegy (sad poem, most often about love), ode, poem, ballad, verse novel, song, sonnet, etc.

4. Theme, idea, main idea / what the poem is about /. If the author belongs to any literary group: symbolist, acmeist, futurist, then it is necessary to select examples proving that we have before us the work of a symbolist poet, acmeist or futurist.Quotations from the text supporting the conclusions. What mood becomes decisive for the poem as a whole. Do the author's feelings change throughout the poem, if so, thanks to what words we guess about it.

5. The composition of the poem, its division into stanzas / how the meaning of the poem and its division into stanzas correlate. Does each stanza represent a complete thought, or does the stanza reveal part of the main idea. The meaning of the stanzas is compared or contrasted. Is the last stanza significant for revealing the idea of ​​the poem, does it contain a conclusion.

6. The image of the lyrical hero, the author's "I".
- the author himself
- story from the point of view of the character,
- the author plays some role.

7. What artistic means reveals the main idea of ​​the author, the theme and idea of ​​the poem:

Pick up in text "key" words and samples that reveal the main idea of ​​the poet, make up "chains" of keywords.

Analyze artistic techniques (trails) that uses

What vocabulary uses

- household, everyday
- literary, bookish
- journalistic
- archaisms, obsolete words


-Peculiarities poetic syntax(syntactic devices or figures of poetic speech):
- antithesis/opposition;
- gradation - for example: light - pale - barely noticeable;
- inversion - an unusual word order in a sentence with an obvious violation syntactic construction;
- repetitions / refrain;
- a rhetorical question, an appeal - increase the reader's attention and do not require an answer;
- default - an unfinished, unexpectedly broken sentence, in which the thought is not fully expressed, the reader thinks it out himself.

-Poetic phonetics:
The use of onomatopoeia, sound recording - sound repetitions that create a kind of sound "pattern" of speech.
- alliteration - repetition of identical consonants;
- anaphora - monotony, repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of several phrases or stanzas;
- assonance - repetition of vowels;
- epiphora - the opposite of anaphora - the repetition of the same words at the end of several phrases or stanzas.

8. The rhythm of the verse, meter, rhyme.
The size:
accent verse;
_ _" _ amphibrachs;
_ _ _ "anapaest;
vers libre (free or blank verse);
"_ _ _ dactyl;
dolnik;
"_ _ / "_ _ / "_ _ trochee 3-foot;
_ _" / _ _" / _ _" / _ _" iambic 4-foot (accent on every second syllable);

Rhyme:
aabb - steam room;
abab - cross;
abba - ring.
anaphoras (the same beginning of lines) - like an additional rhyme, only at the beginning of the verse.
transfers (the meaning of the transferred word is emphasized, a semantic emphasis is placed on it).

Instruction

Start analyzing a lyrical work by determining the date of writing and. Collect material on the creative history of the poem, tk. the factual side is very important for understanding its theme. Indicate to whom it is dedicated, if it has an addressee.

Determine the theme of the work, i.e. what he writes about: about nature, love, the relationship between the lyrical hero and society, about philosophical categories, etc. Answer the question how the theme of the poem relates to its title.

Follow the movement of the lyrical plot: how the mood of the lyrical hero changes throughout the poem, his attitude to what the author is talking about in. Words expressing feelings will help you with this: sadness, admiration, passion, bitterness, despondency, etc.

Determine the features of the composition of the work, i.e. its construction. Find the main compositional technique used by the author: repetition, contrast, matching by association, etc.

Find the leitmotifs of the piece and key words that transmit them. Determine the general tone of the poem (sadness, joy, delight, longing, etc.). Give an interpretation of the genre of the verse (sonnet, elegy, epistle, eclogue, etc.).

Tell us about the lyrical hero of the work, which is revealed through a specific state of mind, the experience of a certain life situation in this moment. Answer the question, what position does the author take in relation to his lyrical hero. Note that it is not always necessary to identify the poet and his hero.

Consider the visual means of the work on different language levels: sound writing (phonetic means of expression), vocabulary (stylistically colored, the presence of synonyms, antonyms, paronyms), poetic syntax.

This article will give rough plan analysis of the poem (perception, theme, genre, composition, means artistic expressiveness etc.). You will learn to do comparative analysis poems by one author or several. So, before you is a kind of memo on the analysis of a poem - a small work of art written in poetic form and organized according to the laws of versification.

Poem analysis plan

• Perception of the poem (describe the impression that the poem made on you, what pictures arose in your imagination, what mood this work whether the mood changes at some point and why, if so).
• The theme of the poem, which is often identical to its title: "Spring Thunderstorm", "Stranger". The topics include the following: friendship, love, life and death, nature, poetry and its role in human life, homeland, people, the fate of a generation, a hero and a crowd. A more local theme (micro-theme, poetic plot): past, separation, wandering, date, etc. The type of lyrics should be determined: love, landscape, philosophical, religious, patriotic. It happens that within the framework of one poem, features are visible different types(the work of F.I. Tyutchev "What are you bending over the waters ..." also applies to landscape lyrics, and to the philosophical one).
• Genre (lyrical poem, elegy, epistle, sonnet, ode, fragment, etc.). Genre definitions can be found in the Glossary literary terms". Usually the genre is associated with literary direction(the school studies classicism, romanticism, realism, sentimentalism, symbolism, futurism, acmeism). Forms (genres) traditional for a certain direction: classic ode, romantic elegy, sentimentalist elegy, etc.
• Composition is the construction of a poem. This concept includes a sequence of lines and stanzas, rhyme composition, stanza, repetition of expressions and sound repetitions, repetitions of lines or stanzas, antitheses (contrasts).
• Means of artistic expression. Tropes: metaphors, epithets, personifications, comparisons, etc. Figures are syntactic constructions, turns of speech that are used to enhance expressiveness: inversion, anaphora, repetition, unionlessness, gradation, oxymoron, etc. It is important not only to find tropes and figures in text, but also to determine their role in the embodiment of the theme, idea and image.
• Sound writing (alliteration and assonance). It should be characterized how sounds help to create an image. Alliteration is the repetition of homogeneous or identical consonants in a poem, which gives it a special sound expressiveness. Assonance is the repetition of vowels for the same purpose.
• Rhythm, meter, rhyme. Poem sizes: two-syllable and three-syllable. Two-syllable sizes: trochee (smooth), iambic (energetic, strong). Three-syllable sizes: dactyl (monotonous measured rhythm), anapaest (very flexible, capable of conveying different moods), amphibrachs (close to the intonations of colloquial speech).
• Vocabulary. When parsing, it is necessary to explain the meaning of all words that are difficult to understand, especially archaisms, historicisms. This or that word, which seems quite understandable, in the context can acquire a new meaning.
• Grade. Describe how the lyrical hero is revealed in this work, what are his inner world, feelings, experiences. Tell us how this poem has affected you.

This is how it's done brief analysis poems.

Comparative analysis of poems

Knowing how to make a comparative analysis of poems is also important for schoolchildren and students studying Russian literature.

• the time of creation of poems, the life of the poet (poets) during this period, if it is important in your particular case;
• genre;
• themes of the works;
• comparison of images of lyrical heroes;
• comparison of the emotional mood of the poems (by what means a certain mood is created: paths, sound writing, etc.);
• composition of works;
• the main idea of ​​the poems;
• size, rhyme.

Now you know how to analyze a poem. The given examples of plans are not firmly established, but they contain the most important points for the analysis of poetic texts.