Mayan calendar: there will be no end of the world. Mayan civilization calendar The Maya knew when the end of the calendar

Who are the Maya?

Maya (Maya) - one of the greatest ancient civilizations of America, which originated around 2000 BC and spread to the territory of modern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras - this area is called Mesoamerica (Mesoamérica).

Frame from the film "Apocalypse". Director: Mel Gibson 2006

The Maya reached a high level of development in the field of mathematics, architecture, astronomy, medicine, culture, and had a developed written language. Despite this, in the 9th century AD, the Mayan civilization began to decline, the reasons for which are still unknown.

Mayan worldview

The myths of the Mesoamerican Indians, and in particular the Maya, speak of the repeated creation of the universe and mankind. When the era comes to an end, the Sun goes out, and the population of the Earth is destroyed by some kind of catastrophe, after which it is recreated again. The Indians wanted to prevent or at least delay the catastrophe that would end their era. They believed that the forces of evil could be defeated by constantly bringing human sacrifices to the Sun and thus making it stronger. Today, humanity is living in the Age of the Fifth Sun, which began in 3114 BC and will most likely end on December 21, 2012.

Mayan calendar

The ancient Maya created a stunningly accurate calendar system that was used throughout Mesoamerica. According to the calculations of the ancient priests, the length of the solar year was 365.2420 days - the difference with our modern calendar is only two ten-thousandths. To create such an accurate calendar, it would be necessary to observe the movement of the planets for about ten thousand years. The Maya used three chronological systems in parallel: the Long Count, the Tzolkʼin ritual calendar, and the Haab civil calendar. According to the Long Count, the current time cycle will end on December 21, 2012.

Opinions

Someone believes that in this way the Mayan priests predicted the End of the World, while someone is skeptical about these assumptions, considering them a reason to earn extra money on the event. The fact that there will be no end of the world, said Pope Benedict XVI and the American space agency NASA. I wonder how they figured it out. There are also optimists who believe that on December 21, 2012, the Era of the Fifth Sun will simply end, and a new era will begin that will be better than the previous one. But only the Maya know the truth, so let's wait and see.

The secrets of the Mayan civilization have been solved! During the archaeological excavations in Guatemala, new artifacts have been discovered that reveal the secrets of the Mayan calendar.

A huge city built by the ancient Maya civilization was discovered almost a hundred years ago on the territory of modern Guatemala. Artifacts found within the walls of an ancient city that disappeared from the face of the Earth contain apocalyptic predictions. They indicate that the "date of the end of time" indicated in the Mayan calendar could be incorrectly indicated.

The end of the Mayan calendar: the end of time

During excavations in the huge Petén complex in Guatemala, archaeologists for the first time discovered rooms whose walls are decorated with unique paintings. One of them depicts men in black robes, and around them are calculations related to the Mayan calendar. The dates indicate events that are to take place in the future, within the next 7,000 years.

An archaeologist reconstructs the surface of a wall in a city that once belonged to the Mayan peoples. The age of these drawings dates back to the 9th century AD.

Mayan calendar: discoveries

Four long numbers on the northern wall of one of the ruined rooms of the house refer to the Mayan calendar and calculations about the movement of the Moon, the Sun, and possibly Venus and Mars. The events described in these drawings go 7,000 years into the future. These are the first numerical designations of the Mayan peoples discovered by archaeologists, which allow you to bring all the calculations into one system.

How to calculate time according to the Mayan calendar: a find in Guatemala

The researchers found that the walls of the sacred temple are decorated with unique paintings. They show men in black uniforms, as well as hundreds of numbers associated with the Mayan calendar.

These images are painted on the walls mayan houses » in Guatemala in the ruined city of Khultun.

The buildings of the ancient Mayan civilization in Guatemala have been the object of research by scientists since the seventies of the last century.

The results of the excavations funded by National Geographic are already known, which shared with humanity the details of hitherto unknown details about the Mayan calendar and the life of this civilization.

Mayan calendar: end of the world

One of the walls of the building is covered with tiny millimeter-wide symbols written in red and black paint.

Some drawings appear to represent the various calendar cycles marked by the Maya:

• 260-day celebration calendar;
• 365-day solar calendar;
• 584-day cycle of the planet Venus;
• 780 day cycle of Mars.

All events noted in this calendar have a duration of at least 7000 years.

Although all these dates are associated with several key calendar and astronomical cycles, the exact meaning of these specific periods of time is still not fully known.

Archaeologist William Saturno of Boston University in the US, who led the excavation, said:

“For the first time, we have discovered artifacts that can be recognized as official evidence of the existence of the Mayan calendar system. The drawings depicted on the wall of this room are reminiscent of an episode from the movie "The Big Bang Theory".

Scientists believe that despite the widespread opinion in society about the occurrence of certain events on December 21, 2012, there is no sign that the Mayan calendar indicates this date as the end of time. It is celebrated only as one of the periods in the calendar.

The ancient Mayan calendar: what do its signs say?

The inscriptions on the buildings of the ethnic Maya are interpreted as apocalyptic predictions. However, instead, the records of ancient peoples contain information about the end of one era and the beginning of a new one.
Astronomical records have been the key to the Mayan calendar, which has gained immense popularity lately due to end of the world warnings this December.

Experts say that such a forecast does not exist in the records of the Mayan calendar. Thanks to a new discovery, it became known that the calculations of the Mayan calendar include a period of time of at least 6,000 years.

Aveni and William Saturno from Boston University, USA officially reported this to the journal Science the other day.

A slightly more than 6-square-foot room, part of a large complex of Mayan ruins in the rainforest in the city of Hultún in northeast Guatemala, also contained images of an enthroned king and other figures.

"However, it is clear that they have nothing to do with Maya astronomical calculations," the scientists say.

One contains a calendar based on the phases of the moon, with a cycle of 13 years. According to the researchers, they used these calculations to find out at what time the Maya religious idol patronize the moon. This knowledge was used in rituals, as well as predictions for the king: what time is better for military campaigns or harvesting.

“The astronomical calculations of the Mayan peoples were conditioned by religion,” Aveni explained.

On the adjacent wall are figures indicating four cycles from approximately 935 to 6700 years. It is not yet clear what they mean. But according to scientists, they are complex observations of important astronomical events: the movements of Mars, Venus and the Moon.

According to National Geographic

Mayan calendar and the end of the world

There is a lot of talk about the end of the world predicted by the ancient Mayans for December 2012 of the year. Here is what they say and write about it.
"On the ground 23 (21) December 2012 of the year an event will occur that will change the course of history. On this day, the Fifth Sun must end!
According to Mayan chronology, the modern era began on August 12, 3114 BC. and must end on December 23, 2012 AD"
So, December 21, 2012 is the date of the mythical end of the world.

starting point for reasoning about the "end of the world" is Mayan calendar long count according to which December 2012 accounts for end of the current 13th baktun(cycle of 5125 years) Era of the Fifth Sun and the beginning of a new cycle.
With the onset of a new Era, various cataclysms are associated, up to the end of the world.

But the researchers of the Mayan culture said that the "apocalypse", which is allegedly predicted in the calendar of the ancient civilization, in 2012 can not be expected!!!
After the completion of the current, 13th "baktun", a new cycle will simply begin, a new period of counting time.
And the end of the world, apparently, is not foreseen.
……………

But still I want to figure out what the Mayans predicted and what their calendar is.

PREDICTION

Tortuguiero An archaeological site in Mexico. Here, around the 7th century AD. there was a Mayan city. It was here that the calendar records of the Mayan era were found, carved on a stone stele - the so-called "Monumente 6"

The closing phrase of the sixth Tortuguero monument is the ONLY known document from the Classical Maya era that explicitly refers to the date 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 3 Kankin, which falls on December 21 (or 23), 2012.
It says that “13 baktuns will end and the god or gods called Bolon Yokte will descend…”
But what will they do after they get off? - the last two glyphs (icons) of the monument are broken.

Pro Bolon Yokte it is known that this is the god of changes, or destruction, or the completion of periods - dates with a large number of trailing zeros. And if any of the gods needs to deal with the date 13.0.0.0.0, then this is for him.
13 is a sacred number for the Maya. He was associated with the cosmos, in which there are 13 heavens, which are owned by 13 gods. Thirteen "four hundred" make up 5125 years is the duration of the cycle, but the cycles are repeated.

This is how the saying on the “Monument 6” of the Mayan tribe looks like about the alleged upcoming cataclysm

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MAYAN CALENDAR

Let's try to understand the Mayan calendar.
More precisely, the Maya had three calendars, the religious one - Tzolkin, the civil one - Haab, and the Long Count.
Tzolkin- a ritual period of 260 days, consists of periods of 20 and 13 days. The days have names: White Wizard, Blue Storm, Red Moon, etc.
Haab— Mayan civil calendar. It was a solar calendar of 365 days.

Haab is divided into 19 months: 18 of them had 20 days each, and one had only 5. These 5 days were called Wayeb and were considered unlucky.

But long count was used to count global time periods, the system is vigesimal.
The minimum unit was the kin or 1 day.
plate
00001….1 kin =1day

00010….1 uinal = 20 days;

00100….1 tun = 18 uinals = 360 days (approximately 1 year);

01000….1 katun = 20 tun = 7200 days (19 years 265 days);

10,000….1 baktun = 20 katuns = 144,000 days (394 years 190 days; 400 tuns);

1 pictun = 20 baktuns = 2,880,000 days (7890 years 150 days; 8000 tuns);

The date in the Mayan calendar is written as 12.3.2.10.15, where each part means a certain cycle. First rank - baktun”, takes values ​​from 1 to 13.
A typical Mayan calendar date looks something like this: 12.18.16.2.6, 3 Kimi 4 Soc, where 12.18.16.2.6 is the date of the long count ( 12 baktun, 18 katun etc.), 3 Kimi - Tzolkin, 4 Sots - Haab.
Approximately on December 21 (23), 2012, the date will represent the value 13.0.0.0.0, that is, the next cycle of 5125 years will end.

The beginning of the era among the ancient Maya was indicated by the number 13.0.0.0.0, and then it went 0.0.0.0.1 and so on.
From this it was concluded that as soon as everything reaches 13.0.0.0.0 again, the cycle will end and there will be a disaster.
But there is evidence that although the Maya "reset the counter" from 13.0.0.0.0 to 0.0.0.0.1 in antiquity, they were not going to do this again, and 13.0.0.0.0 should have been followed by 14.0.0.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0 and so on until 19.0.0.0.0.
Fragment of a stele 1 at La Mojara with glyphs from the 2nd century AD. e. The left column contains the date of the long count calendar 8.5.16.9.9, or A.D. 156. e.

………………………….
In fact even know who is the first "creator" of the myth about the prophecies of 2012, most likely unwitting.
Michael D. Coe - American Mayanist, in the book Maya, 1966, writes
“The idea of ​​cycles of creation and destruction is a typical feature of Mesoamerican religions. Aztecs and Maya the universe was believed to have gone through four cycles, and now we are in the fifth, which will be destroyed by an earthquake.
There is an assumption that each era was measured by 13 baktuns, or 5125 years, and that Armageddon will fall on the inhabitants of the world on the last day of the 13th baktun. Our current universe was created in 3113 BC. and will be destroyed on December 24, 2011, when the Great Cycle of the Long Count comes to an end."

But - modern Mayanists do not believe in this. They were already fed up with the hype around 2012.
And meanwhile, the inscriptions of the temple in Palenque date various events to later dates - up to until October 21, 4772 of the year.

Civilizations ascended and fell. Before the Maya there were the Olmecs, after the Maya there were the Aztecs, The Aztecs may have borrowed myths from the Maya, but the myths of the Aztecs are only a reflection of the more ancient beliefs of the Maya.

Legend of the Five Suns which is mentioned in connection with the prophecies, the legend is just not Maya, but the Aztecs. This legend is recounted on the Aztec "Calendar Stone" also known as the "Sun Stone" or "Altar of Axaucatl".

Here is the legend in a nutshell
"The era of the first sun began in 956 BC, lasted 13 cycles of 52 years and ended with the fact that all its inhabitants were eaten by jaguars.
The Age of the Second Sun lasted 7 cycles of 52 years and ended with a hurricane, and its inhabitants turned into turkeys.
Age of the Third Sun began after an indefinite break, lasted 6 cycles of 52 years and ended with a rain of fire.
Age of the fourth sun began with a 52-year flood, lasted another 13 cycles of 52 years, and ended with another catastrophic flood, and its inhabitants turned into fish "...

There should have been somewhere around the 11th century AD. But the epoch of the 5th Sun was supposed to begin in 3114 BC! The dates do not match the Mayan calendar!
Aztecs generally believed that 4 Ahau 8 Kumkhu should come end of the world, and waited for this date every 52 years.
« The current epoch is the epoch of the fifth sun. And this will be the last era, which will end with a giant earthquake, and after that there will be nothing.”
Can this be trusted?

What do the Indians say?
The end of the world promised by the Mayan calendar will not happen.
He admitted this in an interview with the newspaper. Daily Telegraph one of the Mayan elders, a resident of Guatemala Apolinario Chili Pikstun.


According to him, the prediction of the ancient Indians they translated it incorrectly - in 2012 there will be not the “end of the world”, but the cycle of time will end and the “anniversary of creation” will come !!
According to the elder , the Mayans themselves do not believe in the end of the world, it is predicted by Christians with their apocalypse. Theories about the death of life on this date were born in the West, and not among his fellow tribesmen.

Scientists confirm his words.
Sandra Noble, executive director of the Mesoamerican research organization FAMSI, observed that " for the ancient Maya, the completion of a full cycle was a great holiday» . The interpretation of December 2012 as the end of the world, she considers "a hoax and an opportunity for some to get rich off of it."
All this is just a fit of facts to the idea.
……………
And if you remember the prophecies in general - some people regularly wait for the end of the world . Christians are waiting for the Last Judgment, they were waiting for it in 1000 years from A.D., in 2000 years from A.D. until he came.

The end of the world was predicted and in 1000 and in 1033, 1962, 1999, 2000, 2009…
The list is huge, and the reasons are very different - the parade of planets, a supernova explosion, etc. Curiously, in the 20th and 21st centuries, the number of such “predictions” has grown exponentially.
At the end of the message I will give a list of some of these predictions.
……………….
At the beginning of the 21st century, Mayan prophecies entered popular culture thanks to the novel The Lost Symbol by Dan Brown and the disaster film by Roland Emmerich "".

ABOUT THE FILM "2012" AND "MODERN ASTRONOMIC FACTS CONFIRMING THE PROPHECIES".
FILM "2012"
According to the plot of the disaster film in 2012, the active Sun and the parade of planets will provoke catastrophic processes in the bowels of our planet. The earth's crust will begin to burst and move, becoming covered with cracks. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis will turn countries and continents into ruins... And this catastrophe was predicted, of course, by the Mayan Indians in their ancient calendar, which ends just in 2012.
NASA experts recognized the film "2012" as the most anti-scientific film in recent years, containing the largest number of scientific inaccuracies and outright fictions.

Scientists have explained what is really behind the myths about the end of the world.

Myth 1: About the Mayan calendar and the end of the world
We have already figured out that the end of the calendar cycle is at the same time the beginning of a new cycle, and not the end of life. However, someone decided that 5125 years of the Maya assigned the existence of life on Earth.
And stele 1 from the settlement of Coba (Yucatan) shows that the Maya themselves believed that The universe and we will last a very long time - before the end of the world comes, a period must pass, the duration of which expressed in our calculus thirty-two digits!
………….
Myth 2. In the year of the Active Sun, flares on the Sun and its electromagnetic radiation will hit the Earth. Its bowels will warm up, and the earth's crust will begin to crack.

IN FACT

Continents are already moving along the molten substance that is under the crust.
BUT " Unusually strong solar maximum predicted by NASA" - happens once every 11 years.

And most importantly, what the filmmakers do not know about from the school curriculum: the Sun affects the Earth only through the atmosphere. It does not affect the earth's crust in any way.
And electromagnetic radiation is always around us, because any light is also electromagnetic waves.

Myth 3: About the parade of planets
December 21, 2012 will be a grand parade of planets. And not only our solar system, but also the planets of other stars will supposedly participate in it. As a result, a line is formed from us right up to the very center of the Galaxy.

IN FACT
Yes, the Parade of the Planets in December 2012 will take place scientists say.
Nearly only Jupiter, Saturn, Earth and Mars will be on the same line. This configuration is quite common - once every 12 years. And the parades do not have any influence on either earthly or space processes. After all, the essence of the phenomenon is only that the planets of the solar system are on one side of the star, not even on the same line, but at an angle from each other.

There is only one plus of the parade: at this moment, you can launch a spaceship, which in a short time will be able to visit all the planets one after another. This was done during the next parade in 1977, launching the Voyagers.

Myth 4. Rumor about a mythical planetNibiru .
Allegedly, having arrived from somewhere, it will pass so close to the Earth that it will cause various cataclysms. Up to the point in the movie.
In fact, the planet Nibiru exists only in fantasy! This was confirmed by all the leading astronomers we interviewed. And according to the American astronomer Michael Brown, if a collision with Nibiru would have happened in 2012, the mysterious planet would have been visible in the sky with the naked eye already in 2010!

More myths.

"Crossing the Sun with the Galactic Equator" - since the Sun is not a point object, this crossing already started in 1999 and will last until at least 2019.
"Change of the Earth's Magnetic Poles"- also from the realm of fantasy. The reversal of the poles takes not one day, but about 5000 years.
…………………………….
So, humanity can calmly wait for December 21, 2012.

In general, the conversation can be ended with a joke that is circulating on the Internet:

"In 2012, the Mayan calendar will end and the June calendar will begin."

…………
Unfulfilled predictions of the end of the world

, April 6 - The second coming of Christ according to the prediction of a Spanish monk
January 1 - Sylvester II predicted the end of the world on this day.
- some Christians believed that the 1000th anniversary of the death of Jesus would come
, February 2, between 12:05 and 12:15 - the end of the world, following the parade of planets, according to the calculations of Indian astrologers

, August 29 - the end of the world as a nuclear war, arranged by the Skynet military computer that went out of control according to the plot of the movie "Terminator".
- the end of the world for mankind as a result of the appearance of the Second Moon …………………….
If in 2012 the end of the world does not come, then by the way there are already new forecasts of the "end of the world".

2013 - Ragnarok, aka Judgment Day. Start and end day! Hyperspace transition to the fourth dimension. For mortals it will be death, but for the Gods it will be birth.

2014 - astrophysicists say that a cloud of cosmic dust will reach our solar system, sweeping away everything in its path. Boring end of the world.

2015 is the end of some 9576-year cycle that leads to the death of civilization.

2016 - James Hansen, climate researcher on Earth, claims that glaciers will melt this year and most of the land will be flooded.

2017 — Doomsday according to the theory of hierarchical catastrophes.

2018 - Nuclear war from the same Nostradamus.

2019 - Banal collision with asteroid 2002 NT7. 2020 - Isaac Newton, based on the predictions of John the Theologian, calculated that the end of the world would be exactly this year.

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The Mayan Calendar talks about the End of the Cycle and the beginning of a New Age, but not about the end of the world.

Let's try to figure out what kind of end of the world will come on December 21, 2012!

In order to consciously start working with the New Time Calendar, it is necessary to understand what the End of the Cycle is. Perhaps this is an unusual term for some, however, much is known about this event and information about the Completion of the Cycle comes both from the realm of science and from ancient spiritual traditions, prophecies and legends.

Cycles of varying duration, associated with both physical and spiritual processes, ended and gave rise to new cycles countless times throughout the evolution of the Universe. However, the point of the winter solstice, December 21, 2012, is special. Its peculiarity is that at this moment many large and small cycles are completed at once, correlating with each other according to the principle of fractality, that is, similar in structure, but different in duration.

First of all, we are talking about the completion of the cycle of the precession of the equinoxes, or the Great Platonic year, at 26,000 years and the smaller, included in its composition, the Great Mayan Cycle, or the cycle of human history, at 5200 years. During the precessional cycle, the solar system, following its trajectory, crosses the plane of the galactic ecliptic twice. At the same time, half of the time, that is, 13,000 years, it stays on the "day" side relative to the galactic ecliptic, and the other - on the "night". The transition from the "night" side to the "day" side is called the Completion of the Cycle. The process of the Closing of the Cycle itself is not an instantaneous event, it continues for 26 years, that is, from 1987 to 2012.

From the point of view of the development of consciousness, the stage of the precessional cycle determines the focus of human striving. So, for the last 13,000 years, we, together with the entire solar system, have been on the "night" side relative to the galactic ecliptic, this is a period of falling asleep, spiritual oblivion and immersion of human consciousness in matter.

The culminating phase of this process is described by the 5200-year cycle of human history, called the Kali Yuga in the Eastern teachings. It is with the beginning of this cycle that a person takes the 12-month calendar and "infects with the virus" 12:60. The unconscious acceptance by a person of the frequency of 12:60 not only plunges him into the darkness of materialism, but also removes him from the biosphere, his natural habitat.

From the point of view of astrology, the precessional cycle begins with the Age of Aquarius and ends with the Age of Pisces. The changing zodiacal influences at the present time point to the identity of the onset of the Age of Aquarius with the Completion of the Cycle. This is confirmed by the Eastern esoteric teachings, which speak of the coming of the Age of Light - the Satya Yuga. Associated with the sign of Aquarius is the seventh ray, the so-called ray of Synthesis. The recent merger of science, art and religion on a single field of spirituality, as well as the formation of a scientific approach to the issues of human spiritual evolution clearly confirm this.

The most important aspect for understanding the meaning of the Completion of the Cycle is the theory of the biosphere, put forward by the Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky. According to this theory, the biosphere evolves into the noosphere (the sphere of the mind of the Planet) through an intermediate phase called the technosphere. At the same time, the climax of the technosphere is the decisive moment, after which the development of events is possible according to two scenarios: the collapse and destruction of the biosphere due to a man-made disaster or the transition to the noosphere as a result of humanity's awareness of the need for its unification and unity with nature. In this process, according to Vernadsky, the time factor plays a key role.

The increasing frequency of man-made accidents, natural disasters and the general threatening ecological situation on the planet tell us that the time has come for each person to reconsider life priorities and direct their efforts and aspirations to the spiritual channel.

The prophetic date of 2012 marks the milestone when humanity should be ready for spiritual awakening, so the period from 1987 to 2012 is a preparatory phase before entering a fundamentally new stage in the development of consciousness. In many prophecies of the Maya and other aboriginal peoples of the Earth, as well as the Tibetan Teachings about Kalachakra, 1987 is marked as the end of the era of ignorance and the beginning of spiritual awakening. And the date of August 16-17, 1987, accurately predicted by the ancient Mayans, the date of the Harmonic Convergence, or the Harmonic Convergence of the prophetic cycles of various traditions at one point, became the days of global prayer-meditation for the world. This began the cycle of humanity's return to its spiritual source.

The key moment of the transition period was the discovery of the Law of Time in 1989, thanks to which the leading role of the time factor in the formation of human consciousness and worldview was realized. An important step in building a human community living in accordance with the laws of the biosphere is the adoption of the New Time Calendar, based on a single galactic time synchronization frequency of 13:20, and the rhythms of 13 Moons for 28 days.

All known calendars are either solar calendars or lunar calendars. Lunar calendars include Hindu, Chinese, Jewish, Islamic, Japanese and others. These calendars differ only in the starting point of the calculation of years and the starting point of the year, which is not fixed relative to the solar cycle. All of them are based on the observation of the physical revolution of the Moon around the Earth, namely the synodic cycle of the Moon, the cycle from new moon to new moon, which is 29.53 days. In this regard, the determined duration of the lunar months is not constant and is sometimes 29, sometimes 30 days. In this case, the duration of the year is 354 days, therefore, in order to synchronize with the Earth's annual orbit, an additional month has to be introduced every three years. Solar calendars take into account the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, their task is to accurately measure the tropical year, which is 365.2421 days. Solar calendars, Egyptian, Sumerian, Druidic, Mayan and others, have a fixed point of the beginning of the year, focused on some astronomical event. This may be the heliacal rising of Sirius, the point of the solstice or the equinox. Units of measurement in different solar calendars may be different. For example, the Egyptians divided the year into 12 equal months of 30 days, adding to them 5 days, epagomenal days, and the Mayan solar year - haab - consisted of 18 vinals of 20 days, plus a 5-day wayeb. These calendars are oriented to the physical movement of the Sun, have equal units of measurement and correspond to natural cycles.